In the Biography of the Continued Monk compiled by Daoxuan in the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded that Huida monk, with a common surname of Liu, was named Hehe (other classics were translated into Saha). The conference semifinals in three northeastern cities of Xianyang. At first, he didn't believe in Buddhism, was illiterate, fierce and stubborn, brave and strong, and liked shooting and hunting. He is an Indiana Jones in Liangcheng and stays in Xiangyang. Parents and brothers coexist in the world, rich at home, extravagant in the countryside, bullying the weak and being afraid of the hard, unreasonable. Later, I got sick and died because I drank too much at the banquet. He came back from the dead after witnessing all kinds of torture in hell. There are many biographies about his miracles. After her resurrection, Huida became a monk and lived in wencheng county (now high plains, southeast of Cizhou). He saw a local temple with Buddha statues in it. He respects the temple every day, manages it and lets people settle in it. He traveled and preached in the land of wuyue in the south. As recorded in previous biographies. It was not until the first year of Wei Yuan Dynasty (435) when the land of wuyue in the south of the Yangtze River was popularized that Buddhism began to spread to the west. When he walked to Yushan in the northeast of Fanhe County, Liangzhou, he gave a meaningful military salute to Guya. People in the same trade didn't understand, so they asked Huida why. Huida said to her colleagues, "There must be a Buddha statue on this cliff in the future. If the Buddha statue is intact, the world will be happy and healthy. Without the Buddha statue, the world will be in chaos and the people will suffer. "

Huida traveled west and died in Shixi, Xiqili, Jiuquan County, Suzhou. Its bones are broken like sunflower seeds and can be worn together. Today, there are still statues in the ancient temple in the west of Jiuquan. There is an inscription in the temple saying, "I am not a great sage, but I have become a career without writing."

From then on, in 87, in the early years of Zheng Guang (about 520), there was a sudden storm, and Lei Zhenshan cracked. A stone statue stands on the cliff of Wang Yushan, with a height of 10 feet, with a majestic image, but without a Buddha's head. Local officials and Buddhist monks chose stones and ordered craftsmen to carve Buddha statues. The Buddha's head was placed on the Buddha's body and soon fell off, so people had to make the Buddha headless. At this time, the northern Wei government declined, the world was in chaos, and the people were miserable. Huida's prediction is really effective.

In the first year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557), a divine light suddenly appeared in Qilijian in the east of Liangzhou City, which was bright day and night. People who saw it felt very strange, so they went to see what it was, and it turned out to be a Buddha's head. People hold it in the valley and install it on the cliff Buddha. The Buddha's head and body are in perfect harmony. I have been gaffed for more than 40 years, my head is more than 200 miles away, and my lover is complete. The year of peace, from now on. In the first year of Baoding (557), a temple named Ruixiang Temple was built here. The lights in the temple are flowing, and the bells are dancing and continuous, but it is impossible to determine where the bells come from.

In the early years of Jiande (572), the head of the Buddha fell off many times, and Otsuka and the King of Qi personally went to watch it and ordered people to reinstall it. But it's loaded during the day and dropped at night. It has been installed dozens of times. I made a Buddha's head with something else, put it in the Buddha's body, and it still fell off. Later, only four years after Emperor Wu of Zhou destroyed the Buddha and burned the temple, it was destroyed by neighboring countries. People of insight have a clear understanding of this matter, and those in power have a lesson. Although the temple was burned and abolished, the Buddha statue on the cliff still stands.

In the early years of Emperor Wendi (58 1), he studied Buddhism, copied scriptures and made statues. Statues were restored and decorated, and a larger temple was built. In the fifth year of the Great Cause (605), Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang personally came to Hexi to pay homage to the Buddha statue and gave the temple a large sum of money to re-expand, making it more prosperous and magnificent. Therefore, the old temple was changed and renamed as "Gantong Temple". For this reason, painters and craftsmen were ordered to write and convey the shape of the Buddha statue. Its shape is unmeasurable, about one foot and eight feet high. Just after measuring the scale, it always mutates in the end, which makes people believe in Buddhism and the temples are getting newer and newer.

I visited Huida Temple because I traveled abroad in the early years of Zhenguan (627). His image is dignified and serious, and many people worship him every day. Since Shishi, Ji, Ci, Dan, Yan, Slow, Wei, Lan and other States, they have tried to write his portrait and provide for it locally. Name Liu. [Notes]

① wencheng county: the name of an ancient county. Established in the Han Dynasty, it belongs to Liaoxi County abandoned in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In today's lulong county, Hebei.

② Otsuka 〓: the official name of the Zhou Dynasty, the first of the six departments of the Qing Dynasty. Later generations also called the official minister Otsuka.

(3) The word "I" here refers to the Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty and the author of "Continued Biography of Monks". He personally visited Huidaben Temple and the image. [Postscript]

1. This story is translated according to the excerpts of Biography of the Monk (Volume 25) and Biography of Huida compiled by the Taoist priest of Ximing Temple in Tang Dynasty. For the original text, see Zang, Volume 50, page 644.

Second, look at the following information about Liu Sa and his deeds:

(1) Biography of the Eminent Monks edited by Liang Shihui (volume 13) Biography of the Wisdom of the Divine Monk Department. However, in the Wang Yu Valley of Fanhe County, there is no story of Liu Sa and the predicted Buddha statue. See Qing Zang, Vol. 50, p. 409.

(2) Judy, Ming Chengzu, compiled "Biography of the Monk of God", Volume 3 "Biography of Huida". The content is simpler than the continuation of the monk biography. See "Da Qing Zang" Volume 50, p. 965.

(3) The book Ghost Ji Xiang's Golden Gate Huida, quoted in Fayuan Zhu Lin (volume 103) and Seduction, describes in detail the scene of Liu Sa and his sudden death due to alcoholism, and his soul wandering in hell. However, there is no Liu Sa and the west Hexi, and the Buddha statue of Wang Yugu in Fanhe County of Liangzhou is predicted.

(4) China Sambo Collection. See Da Qing Zang, vol. 52, p. 404.

(5) Hong Guangming's Record (15) is recorded in the statue of Ruishi in Fanhe County, Liangzhou. See Qing Zang, Volume 52, page 202.

(6) The suicide note document "Liushahe karma" found in Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave. See the catalogues P3570 and P3727 of Pelliot, which are now in the National Library of Paris.

(7) The suicide note "Liushahe" found in Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave. See Periot's catalogue P2680, now in the National Library of Paris.

(8) Record of Taoist lawyers' feelings. See Qing Zang, Volume 52, page 437.

(9) The History of Buddhism (Volume 36) Fa Yun Tong Sai Zhi (See Da Zheng Zang (Volume 49), p. 338.

(10) "A Brief History" Volume II, see "Tibet" Volume 49, p. 780.

(1 1) spread to Zhu Nanguo.

Iii. Image information about Liu Sa and the story:

(1) The portrait of Liu Sa and celibacy is painted on the upper corner of the north side of the tent door in the west wall of Cave 72 in the Song Dynasty in Mogao Grottoes. There is a clear list title: "Saint Liusa River Monk".

(2) The south wall of Cave 72 of the Mogao Grottoes in the Song Dynasty is painted with "The Liusha River has changed due to karma". This mural is mainly based on Liu Sa's prediction that there will be a Buddha statue in Wang Yugu, Fanhe County, Liangzhou, and also refers to the plot of Liu Sa and his deeds in other ancient books.

(3) According to the research of Mr. Shi of Dunhuang Research Institute, the Yishan Buddha statue in the western wall of Cave 203, Cave 300 and Cave 323 of Mogao Grottoes in Tang Dynasty is "Liangzhou Ruixiang", that is, the Buddha statue carved from Fanhe County Valley in Liangzhou.

(4) According to the textual research of Mr. Shi of Dunhuang Research Institute, the Buddha statues painted on the back screen of Cave 98 and Cave 6/kloc-0 of the Five Dynasties in Mogao Grottoes are "auspicious statues of Liangzhou", which are the models of the Buddha statues produced in Fanhe County Valley of Liangzhou. The pictures of hunters shooting deer and monks teaching painted on the side of the Buddha statue show the karma story of Liu Sa and He-Liu Sa and killing evil people, who were taught to become monks by former teachers. For the above two articles, see Liu Sha River and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes by Mr. Shi.

(5) Among the silk paintings found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave in Dunhuang, there is a remnant of Liushahe and Liangzhou Ruixiang. See the map 13 of "A Thousand Buddhas" edited by Stan, who robbed the Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures cave.

(6) Among the embroidery paintings found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave in Dunhuang, there is a beautiful and complete "Liangzhou Ruixiang Map". See Figure 34 of "Thousand Buddhas" edited by Stan, in order to rob the remains of Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave.

(7) There are many legends about the holy land of Liushahe in Hexi and Dunhuang areas of Gansu Province. Fanhe County in Liangzhou is Yongchang County in Wuwei today. The site of Rong Sheng Temple in Wangyushan, Yongchang still exists, and the statue of Iria is well preserved. The Buddha's head is hidden in Yongchang County Museum. And the remnant tablet of "Legend of Jade Statue of Liangzhou as Ruixiang" was found in the former Gantong Temple site of Wuwei Hospital. Most of the inscriptions have been preserved. See Sun Slim-Cultivating and Dang Shoushan's Textual Research on the Inscription of Jade Stone Buddha in Liangzhou. See the following sources.

Fourth, study the works of Liu Sa and:

(1) Shi wrote the seventh "Buddhist Historical Painting" in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. See page 195 of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, and cultural relics publishing house, edition 1982, 1 1.

(2) The Liusha River and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes written by Shi, see the 6th issue of Cultural Relics magazine, 1983.

(3) Sun Silin's Introduction to Buddhist Historical Stories and Paintings in Mogao Grottoes (3), see Dunhuang Studies, No.2, 1982, p. 88. ..

(4) Sun Slim-cultivation and Dang Shoushan wrote "A Study on the Karma of Jade Mountain Buddha in Liangzhou".

See the first issue of Dunhuang Studies 1983, page 102.

⑤ Sun Slim's Painting of Buddhist Historical Stories in Mogao Grottoes. See China Grottoes Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Volume 4, page 204, Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1 edition, 1987.

(6) Sun Slim's Textual Research on Monks' Deeds in Liushahe. See Collection of National Dunhuang Academic Seminar 1983, Collection of Grottoes Art, Part I, page 272, Gansu People's Publishing House, 1 August edition, 65438.

(7) Sun Slim-cultivation has the theory of "Liu Sa and a generation of famous monks from ordinary people". See Knowledge of Literature and History, No.8, 1988.

(8) Zong Yi Rao Jin wrote "The Story of Liushahe River and Ruixiang Map". See 1987 International Symposium on Dunhuang Grottoes, page 336, Liaoning Fine Arts Publishing House, 1990, page 1.

(9) Huo Xiliang wrote The Historical Changes of the 72nd Cave of Mogao Grottoes and the Statues of Liushahe and Rong Sheng Frey in Liangzhou. See the second issue of Cultural Relics Magazine 1993.

(10) Lu Xiuwen wrote a summary of Liu Sa and his research. See Dunhuang Studies No.3, 199 1.

(1 1) Chen Zhuolong's Liu Sa sum research. See Textual Research on Dunhuang Materials, Volume I, Taiwan Province Commercial Press, 1979.

(12) [English] Helen Weil wrote the quicksand river in the Mogao grottoes.

(13) [English] Luo Wilde Tian wrote The Monks of Liushahe and Dunhuang Murals. See the third issue of Oriental Monthly 1987.

(14) [French] Wei Puxian wrote the legend of Liusha River in Dunhuang manuscripts and grottoes.

(15) [French] Wei Puxian wrote about Liushahe and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. See Selected Papers of French Scholars on Dunhuang Studies translated by Geng Sheng, Zhonghua Book Company, 1993, 1.

(16) Du Doucheng wrote "Liu Sa and Wang Yu Mountain in Fanhe, Liangzhou". See Collected Works Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Dunhuang Studies in Duan Wenjie, World Book Publishing Company, 1996, 1 edition.