In the information society with highly developed science and technology, books, newspapers and periodicals have become the main means of information production, storage, transmission and exchange, and are the important media for the transformation of advanced science and technology into social productive forces. Therefore, in recent years, there is a new formulation, that is, people's reading ability and writing ability are called "the first culture", and mastering computer language is called "the second culture", and "the first culture" is the premise and foundation of obtaining "the second culture". It can be seen that reading ability is a basic skill that everyone must have. Therefore, in the current high school Chinese teaching, it is necessary to interpret the reading status of high school students.
First, the reading status of senior high school students
1, interested in reading but not used to reading.
Through the questionnaire survey, we found that middle school students are interested in reading independently after class, and 74% students clearly expressed their interest in reading some useful extracurricular books in their spare time. However, among all the respondents, only 5.6% students have developed the good habit of reading every day. They always read for at least half an hour at a fixed time every day (before lunch break or before going to bed at night), while 15.3% students concentrate on reading for one or two hours every week (mostly on weekends), and 79% students have no fixed reading arrangement, depending on time and mood. At the same time, there are 10.7% students who clearly express that they don't like reading, so it is unnecessary for middle school students to read extracurricular books, because under the pressure of exam-oriented education, they can't bear the heavy academic suffering, and they have no time and energy to read extracurricular books, let alone develop reading habits.
2. There are reading requirements but no reading methods.
The survey results show that almost all the respondents think it is necessary for middle school students to read extra-curricular books, and they hope to gain more knowledge and enrich and improve their knowledge structure by reading a lot of extra-curricular books. However, only 7.03% students know how to choose the appropriate reading method according to the specific situation, and the rest students are only used to skimming or intensive reading, which leads to low reading efficiency or decreased reading interest.
3. Reading behavior has no reading effect.
The survey results clearly show that our senior high school students have reading needs and actual reading behaviors, but when it comes to why they like the books they have read, they basically have nothing to say, because most of them just pursue the satisfaction of curiosity in the process of reading, and reading only stays at the level of understanding stories. As for what they feel after reading, except for fascinating plots or bizarre plots, the plots will gradually fade after a long time. It is found that the reading effect of senior high school students is not ideal.
4. Have a lot of reading but no reading taste.
Our investigation shows that high school students have read a lot of books through various channels, and even a few senior one students have basically read half of the compulsory reading objectives of high school students stipulated by the Ministry of Education, but this is only a minority after all. When we walk into students' classrooms, we can still find that their desks are filled with cartoons and comic booklets, shoddy martial arts romance novels, experts in online computer games, contemporary film and television singers, media hosts, sports stars and other "funny" works or "fashion" magazines, and even the new generation of "alternative literary works". We can't completely deny such a book, but we can't help but believe this data: 33.4% of high school students have never really read a complete China or foreign classic, and it is great to know the title through hearsay, not to mention the feeling of reading. Every time they write a composition, they have to "bring it" like their own reading experience. But when it comes to computer games, martial arts moves and anecdotes of stars, they can often talk endlessly, just like a few treasures. These are all due to the lack of choice and discrimination, blindly following "popularity", leading to a waste of reading resources and low reading taste.
Second, thinking about Chinese reading teaching in senior high school
The new curriculum standard and the nature of Chinese subject determine that the basic subject of Chinese must be based on "double basics", but it cannot be the only goal, but should be based on "double basics" and pay attention to cultural transmission, thus affecting students' spiritual field; Cultivate students' feelings, character and personality in the learning process, cultivate students' sympathy and sense of justice, and attach importance to the correct orientation of students' feelings, attitudes and values; "Teachers are organizers and guides of learning activities", "Chinese teaching should be carried out in the process of equal dialogue between teachers and students". In view of the reading situation of senior high school students, Chinese reading teaching in senior high school should make efforts in the following aspects:
(A) improve the quality of teachers' reading
Suhomlinski pointed out: "Bringing every student into the world of books, cultivating enthusiasm for books, and making books a guiding light in knowledge life-all this depends on teachers and on what position books occupy in teachers' own spiritual life. If your students feel that your thoughts are constantly enriched, if they are sure that what you said today is not a repetition of what you said yesterday, then reading will become your students' spiritual needs. " This is Sukhomlinski's "Advice to Teachers" (P68), and it is also a suggestion to China. Especially under the current curriculum reform, Chinese teachers should keep pace with the times, master new textbooks as soon as possible, and do a good job in and out of the classroom.
(B) clear the role of reading
It goes without saying that letting students read and letting students read will bring completely different reading effects. Therefore, teachers must also make students understand the role of reading and realize the benefits of reading, so as to stimulate their strong desire to read and let them read naturally and actively.
(1) Accumulate knowledge
Sima Qian wrote "Zi Tongzhi Jian", saying, "Read old history, pick up novels, be concise and concise, and be vast." Qu Yuan's Tian Wen raised 172 questions in one breath, covering astronomical geography and natural history myths, showing the author's rich knowledge. If you want to be profound, you must study hard, learn from others and read widely. Hua once said, "Genius lies in diligence, while reading lies in accumulation". It can be seen that reading and learning is a good way to accumulate knowledge. Especially in today's era, emerging sciences and marginal disciplines are constantly emerging. Knowledge is not only the basis of learning, but also the catalyst of skills. If you want to absorb new concepts and knowledge, you must read more books, accept a hundred schools of thought and strengthen your knowledge reserve.
(2) Enriching languages
"Read it a hundred times and you will understand what you mean." Learning a language is our lifelong task, and it is particularly important to have a high ability to master the language. Rich in vocabulary, you can be calm and expressive in oral communication, and your choice of words and sentences in writing is not bad. A solid basic knowledge of language and writing is what every literate person in modern society should have. Classical works at all times and all over the world are a treasure house of written language, and their language is accurate, refined, standardized and expressive, which provides us with important nourishment. Reading more books can enrich the language and accumulate vocabulary.
(3) improve the ability
"If you are familiar with 300 Tang poems, you can recite them even if you can't write them", which shows the close relationship between reading and writing. Reading is the basis of writing. Reading more books will have a subtle influence on writing. Reading can make people stand tall and see far. Open-minded, writing articles will be handy; If you have foresight, you can write articles with high style, and there will be no "I hate being born without studying, and there is nothing to say" written by Lu You. At present, many experts and scholars believe that the most basic intelligence of scientific and technological talents includes self-study ability, thinking ability, research ability, creativity, expression ability and organizational management ability. The cultivation of these abilities is inseparable from reading and learning.
(3) Develop the habit of reading.
Good habits make people benefit for life, and high school students must work hard to develop good reading habits. Needless to say, careful preview, listening and review of reading in class; In extracurricular reading, students can choose some articles they are interested in from the Chinese Reader to enjoy, and some good articles read after class can also be used as comparative reading materials for knowledge transfer; Teachers should make full use of the Internet and other media to recommend excellent educational websites and literature websites to them. After a period of time, students can also make their own reading experiences and reading recommendations into tabloid forms and post them. Once such a good habit is formed, I believe that students will benefit for life, and at the same time, their daily study will gain self-confidence and a sense of accomplishment under the control of this habit.
Methods of guiding reading
"Public interests must first sharpen their tools", so it is particularly important to guide students in reading methods. Here are some main reading methods that are feasible for senior high school students:
1, cumulative reading
Mainly through the model essay reading under the guidance of teachers and a lot of extracurricular reading. Through familiar reading and reciting, students not only accumulate the knowledge of words, phrases, sentences, articles and other language expressions, but also accumulate the ideological content, language knowledge and natural society knowledge contained in the articles.
2. Comprehensive reading
With the further development of students' thinking ability, they gradually understand the ideological content of the article on the basis of a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of words, phrases, sentences and articles. The improvement of this reading level has a process from imitation to independence, from single item to synthesis, and from shallow to deep analysis and synthesis.
3. Comparative reading
Comparison is a commonly used analytical method in dialectics. Applying comparative method to reading teaching is a method as well as a learning method, that is, reading two or more materials in contrast, thus completing the teaching task. Comparison can stimulate students' interest in learning, broaden their knowledge horizons and cultivate their creative thinking; Comparison can make students give full play to their subjective initiative in learning, use intelligence to identify and appreciate, and achieve the purpose of drawing inferences from others; Comparison can enable students to connect old and new knowledge in the learning process and realize positive transfer.
4. Extended reading
Extended reading refers to a reading method based on a work (or a book) and extended to relevant parties. In middle school Chinese teaching, expanding reading training plays an extremely important role in broadening students' knowledge horizons, inspiring thinking and improving the depth and breadth of understanding. The key to expanding reading is to determine the reading base point and expanding direction. The basic point of reading should be intensive reading, and extensive reading should be skimmed according to the purpose, level and foundation of reading. This expansion can be based on excerpts and extended to the whole (part) book; It can also be based on a title and further extended to other works of this writer; Based on a certain work, it is extended to works with the same theme; Based on a certain work, it is extended to other chapters of the same style; Based on the works of a writer, introduce the biography or critical text of the writer; Based on the quotation of a work, it is extended to the original quotation; Based on the abridged or revised version of the work, it is extended to the original.
5. Evaluative reading
With the further enhancement of students' thinking independence and criticism, the reading evaluation ability of the article has been developed and improved to a certain extent. Only when reading develops to this stage can the purpose of reading be successfully achieved.
In short, the new curriculum standards and new textbooks put forward more, higher and newer requirements for Chinese education. Only on the basis of understanding new educational concepts and attaching importance to new teaching methods, can Chinese teachers study hard and constantly enrich themselves, so as to better guide students to do a lot of useful reading, comprehensively cultivate and develop students' abilities, gradually form a good reading cultural atmosphere, and strive to create a new situation in quality education.