The author of Exam Brain Science is Yuji Iketani, a brain science researcher at the University of Tokyo, Japan. This book mainly talks about efficient memorization methods in brain science. Some principles and methods are just suitable for reciting texts, which can give us some reference:
First, the principle of memory-constantly stimulate the hippocampus
There are long-term memory and short-term memory in the human brain. The part that stores long-term memory is called the "cerebral cortex", which is equivalent to the "hard disk" of the human brain and can store the knowledge we have memorized. The human brain will divide information into "necessary information" and "unnecessary information" according to its value, and only the information judged as "necessary" by the brain will be transported to the cerebral cortex for long-term preservation.
It is the hippocampus in the human brain that determines whether information is necessary. Hippocampus is an important functional area in the human brain, which is mainly responsible for memory and learning. What kind of information can easily pass the examination of hippocampus? The standard is "whether this information is necessary for survival".
This rigorous examination of the hippocampus has two aspects: on the one hand, it saves a lot of energy for the brain and does not need to store some useless information; On the other hand, to some extent, we can't change the situation of "completely forgetting", so no matter who will forget, everyone is like this.
So what do we need to do? The answer is to constantly stimulate neurons in the hippocampus. There are three main ways: interested in the content; Happy learning; Stimulate optimistic thinking.
Second, the meaning of reciting-let children fall in love with reciting willingly.
Now that we know the principle of memory, how can we stimulate children's interest and confidence in reciting? Some children don't like reciting! Then you need to patiently explain to them:
First, reciting can enhance memory.
Reciting is a kind of ability that everyone should have, and it is an exercise of memory. The more you use your brain, the more flexible you are, and so is your memory, which requires constant practice.
Throughout the ages, many literary masters have been reciting. For example, Su Shi recited Hanshu, with more than 800,000 words, which Su Shi can recite word by word. Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, can recite both Shuo Wen Jie Zi and Er Ya. Mao Dun can recite A Dream of Red Mansions 120 times and so on. The memory of these celebrities is superhuman, but they are not born, and they are all obtained by their unremitting training.
Second, reciting can improve writing ability and personal expression ability.
The texts selected in the textbook are all classic works. As the ancients said, you can recite poems by reading 300 Tang poems. After reciting these articles, you can directly quote or apply this writing technique to your own articles to make your own articles by going up one flight of stairs.
Ba Jin said that he was grateful to the private school teacher for forcing him to recite ancient Chinese. Read more, read well, you can often recite smoothly, slowly realize their benefits, and slowly touch the tone of the article. More than 200 ancient texts can be said to be his real first teacher. He later became a writer, which had a lot to do with his memorizing more than 200 articles.
Thirdly, recitation can improve comprehension and is an important learning method.
During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a man named Dong Yu in the state of Wei, who lived in poverty since childhood and ran around all day for a living. However, as long as he has free time, he sits down to study, so he is very knowledgeable. His brother laughed at him, but he didn't care. After a long time, he wrote two books and caused a sensation. People asked him what he knew about reading. He said, "If you read a book a hundred times, you will understand its meaning."
After reciting the article, we can better understand the deep meaning of the article and the author, appreciate the subtlety of the article, improve our understanding of things and form important study habits.
I believe that after this explanation, the child can accept this matter ideologically, and should also be interested in reciting, and then encourage him spiritually: tell him that reciting articles is not that difficult, as long as he keeps hinting that "you can do it", so that the child can have full confidence in his memory and reduce the interference with reciting.
Third, how to recite-recite easily with these four tricks.
This has officially entered the recitation link. How to recite? Do you want to recite a big article directly? Many parents just let their children read the whole paragraph and tell them to read it several times before memorizing it. However, the article is too long, and I have no impression before and after reading it. The confidence that I finally built is gone, and it is also a waste of time. Therefore, this will not work. You can use the following methods:
First, the split method.
Divide the whole article into several small paragraphs, and then recite them part by part. When the article becomes shorter, the pressure will be reduced, and naturally it will be easier to recite some, and each part will be connected in series.
Second, the keyword method.
Grasp the main nouns or verbs in the article and memorize them in order. For example, the key words in the second and third paragraphs of the article "Spring" are: Open your eyes-mountain-water-sun-grass-garden-field-wind-grass. Remember these keywords in order, and then think about the words that describe them and the basic framework of the article.
Third, the association method.
In life, people tend to remember pictures more easily, but they are not very sensitive to difficult words. We can use this to recite, imagine the pictures described in the article in our minds, or demonstrate them in our minds according to the sequence of actions. Graffiti on paper can be better presented if it is convenient.
Let's take spring as an example. The third paragraph reads like this: sit, lie down, roll twice, kick a few balls, run a few laps, and catch a few laps in hide and seek. Then you find that these actions are completely in line with normal logic. You must sit down first, then lie down, then roll, and then get up to play football, race and hide and seek. You don't have to memorize them. You just need to demonstrate in your mind or do it yourself, and you can easily remember them.
Fourth, the circulation method.
According to Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve, after 20 minutes, the memory capacity of future generations is only 58.2%, and after one day, only 33.7% remains. In other words, the child recited it at home and forgot part of it when he went to school the next day. This happens all the time.
Combined with the nature of hippocampus, the book gives the following review plan:
Review 1: the day after study.
Review 2: 1 Review after a week 1.
Review 3: Two weeks after the second review.
Fourth review: After the third review 1 month,
There is a certain time lag for each review, and the whole plan will be completed in about two months. Through this review method, the hippocampus will make necessary judgments on information, which will form a long-term memory and will not be forgotten.
Reciting seems like a trivial matter, but in fact it can cultivate children's serious and rigorous learning attitude and refine homework.
The ancient Greek poet Aeschylus said, "Memory is the mother of wisdom." If we do this well, we will certainly help our children make rapid progress in their studies.