Innovation is the eternal driving force of urban development and an important embodiment of urban humanistic spirit. With economic globalization and urban internationalization, the core elements of urban economic and social development have given way to intellectual factors from natural factors, and innovation ability has increasingly become the decisive force of urban development. In order to protect and develop the strategic position of Zhejiang's economic, scientific and cultural center and the sub-central city of the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou must focus on improving its innovative function and truly become a paradise for "seeking knowledge and starting a business". To enhance the function of innovation, we must first cultivate and enhance the source of innovation, and its focus is more on creating a mechanism and environment to attract advanced elements such as talents and capital.
4. Urban architecture
Play a good "taste card" and show artistic characteristics. The city should become an open museum of architectural handicrafts, and most urban buildings should be built according to the standards with artistic ornamental value. Municipal government, railway station, schools, art galleries and other important public buildings shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the standards of architectural arts and crafts; Buildings facing the street should pay attention to beautiful shapes, beautiful shapes and soft colors. The whole city and every street should have clear requirements for architectural style, shape, color, height and other factors, oppose the cloning and similarity of architectural shapes, give urban architectural culture and art life, and strive to build a modern city with Chinese and Western characteristics and individuality.
4. 1 Characteristics of urban ecosystem
Modern city is a fragile artificial ecosystem, which is exhausted in the ecological process, and its biggest feature is high population density; Urban ecosystem is incomplete and open, which is mainly reflected in the need for support from other ecosystems (such as agricultural ecosystem, forest ecosystem, marine ecosystem, etc.). ), and need to invest a lot of energy and materials. At the same time, a large amount of waste discharged by human production and life in cities cannot be completely decomposed in this system, and it needs to be treated and digested in other ecosystems (such as farmland and ocean). ).
Cities occupy a small space in nature, but they concentrate a large number of population, traffic and information flows, build a large number of artificial facilities, produce pollutants that destroy the urban environment, change the original ecological balance, and cause changes in the urban physical environment, such as urban heat island effect, greenhouse effect, soil hardening and so on. In the urban ecosystem, the development of urbanization constantly affects human beings. It has changed the production and life style of human beings and created a high level of material civilization. At the same time, the environmental pollution it causes also affects human health and causes public hazards.
4.2 Characteristics of urban landscape and space design
City is an open and complex system, which contains a large number of material components and several subsystems, and is the material carrier of human activities. Urban landscape and spatial form are the materialized expression of human's subjective will, which embodies human's wisdom, emotion, imagination and ideal pursuit. Urban landscape space is closely related to people's lives, and there is also mutual influence between them: people's subjective will guides the construction of urban landscape and space and exerts influence on the existing environment; Urban landscape and space convey infinite information to people, support people's activities and enrich people's lives.
City is a process of continuous development, and the evolution of urban landscape and spatial form is influenced by two dimensions: "space" and "time", that is, at any time, people can obtain various material elements to create urban landscape and space; Similarly, any urban landscape environment under construction has to consider the meaning of time: the historical continuation of the past tense, the application significance of the present tense and the ideal pursuit of the future tense. The essence of urban landscape is the material expression of people's subjective will, which reflects people's values and world outlook in different periods.
Therefore, we can also say that the correct and reasonable concept of urban landscape design and planning and the theory of sustainable development are not contradictory in essence, but should complement each other.
4.3 The relationship between modern urban landscape and ecological planning is very close.
Landscape ecology is a new interdisciplinary subject, which mainly studies the interaction between spatial pattern and ecological process, and its theme is the intersection of geography and ecology. It takes the whole landscape as the object, through the transmission and exchange of material flow, energy flow, information flow and value flow on the earth's surface, through the interaction and transformation between living and non-living things and human beings, and uses the principles and systematic methods of ecosystem to study the structure and function of landscape, the interaction mechanism of landscape dynamic change, the beautification pattern of landscape, the optimization, rational utilization and protection of structure, which has strong practicability.
Urban ecosystem is an artificial ecosystem composed of nature, economy and society, including life system and environmental system. It has a complex multi-level structure and can study the relationship and influence between human activities and cities from different angles. Urban environmental planning, as an important strategic deployment to guide and coordinate the interests of departments, optimize the allocation of urban land resources and rationally organize urban spatial environment, must have an ecological view. Only by using the ecological concept can we guide the city to move towards the goal of eco-city in the future construction and establish an efficient and harmonious living environment.
In recent years, landscape planning has been widely used in protecting urban landscape characteristics and urban environmental design. As early as the 1960s, the United States and other developed countries began to apply it to architecture and planning, creating a precedent for landscape planning and environmental design. Its goal is to create a harmonious atmosphere between man and the environment and establish a harmonious relationship between land development and utilization and environmental resources protection.
5. The connotation of modern ecological planning
Modern ecological planning can basically be understood as: applying the basic principles of ecology, according to economic, social and natural information, from a macro and comprehensive perspective, participating in the research and decision-making of national and regional development strategies or medium-and long-term development plans, putting forward reasonable development strategies and development levels, as well as corresponding land and resource utilization, ecological construction and environmental protection measures, coordinating the relationship among population, economy, resources and environment from the overall benefit, and creating a comfortable and harmonious environment. The theoretical basis of modern ecological planning is not very mature, and the three basic principles of ecology can basically be used as the theoretical basis of modern ecological planning.
5. 1 integrity principle. Both ecological construction and ecological planning attach great importance to the overall macro-benefits, and pursue not only the improvement of the eco-environmental benefits in local areas, but also the increase of one of the economic, social and environmental benefits, and the coordinated, unified and synchronous development of the economic, social and environmental benefits, which has obvious regional and overall characteristics.
5.2 recycling principle. The enrichment, transformation, decomposition and life process of natural organisms are applied to industrial and agricultural production, ecological construction and ecological planning, so that natural resources (including land resources, water resources, forestry resources, animal and plant resources, mineral resources and tourism resources) can be optimally utilized, thus protecting natural resources, protecting human health and living environment, and minimizing the harm of waste to the environment and human beings.
5.3 The principle of regional differentiation. Both ecological construction and ecological planning emphasize the diversity and regional differentiation of ecosystems. We should formulate different ecological construction and planning policies according to the economic, social, natural conditions and ecological environment in different regions, and take corresponding protection and utilization countermeasures for different resources.
6. Eco-city design
Only by doing a good job in eco-city design can we truly realize the ecological goal of the city and reflect the characteristics and attractiveness of urban ecological environment, urban culture, urban image and urban style owned by different cities. Its basic design includes three aspects: urban landscape design, urban industrial design and urban residential area design.
The goal of urban landscape design is to establish an urban natural ecosystem composed of human landscape dominated by architecture and gardens and various natural ecological landscapes. The focus of architectural landscape design is to plan and design the spatial skyline on the basis of plane planning, which is characterized by the architectural landscape design along the main street. While designing the landscape of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings, the low-rise ecological buildings are appropriately arranged.
The focus of garden design is to do a good job in landscape design of forest belts, urban parks and urban squares along rivers, lakes and streams, and to integrate ecological environment, urban culture, historical traditions with modern concepts and modern life requirements, so as to improve ecological benefits, landscape effects and appreciation. The focus of various natural ecological landscape designs is to improve infrastructure, improve ecological functions, and improve its ecological benefits, landscape effects and ornamental. It is necessary to use the principle of ecological architecture to scientifically plan and design residential areas, so as to form a living environment composed of ecological architecture and perfect infrastructure, as well as a social ecological system including spiritual civilization. The design of residential areas should adhere to the following principles and choose the best location and development scale of urban residential areas.
Second, energy saving, low consumption and no pollution, that is, building materials should adhere to the principle of environmental protection and avoid light pollution, chemical pollution and radioactive pollution caused by building materials. We should give full consideration to the orientation and spacing of buildings in order to solve the sanitary problems such as residential lighting and indoor ventilation.
The third is to apply ecological technology to treat domestic excreta and domestic garbage. Fourth, by increasing the green space in residential areas, promoting roof greening, vertical greening and slope greening of lakes, rivers and streams, the green coverage rate of residential areas will be greatly improved. Central green space is set up in residential areas. Public green space must be greater than per capita 1.5 square meters. Fifth, increase cultural and sports facilities in residential areas. The formation of cities stems from the survival principle of our ancestors "living by weeds". In the construction of eco-city, we must make full use of the natural ecological foundation. The so-called full utilization means protection and promotion. From the practical experience, only by making full use of the natural ecological foundation can we build a real ecological city.
7. Conclusion
In a word, urban planning is scientific and rigorous, and it is a subject worth pondering in the construction of modern cities in China. What kind of architectural art to leave for the future, what kind of living atmosphere to create for people's lives, and what kind of efforts to make for sustainable development. Paying attention to urban planning is what every designer should do, and it is also the effort of our generation, even generations.