Harold lasswell 1902 ~ 1978.

American political scientists have been called Leonardo da Vinci in the field of research by Americans. He "made innovative research on the relationship between power and characters and politics, and made important contributions to contemporary behavioral politics". 1February 1902 13 was born in Donellison, Illinois, and1February 1978 18 died. 19 18 entered the university of Chicago, and 1926 received a doctorate in philosophy. 1922 ~ 1938 teaches political science at the university of Chicago. 1939 teaches at new york Institute of New Society. 1952 Professor of Political Science, Yale University. 1954 was appointed as a researcher at the Center for Advanced Research in Behavioral Science. 1955 was elected president of the American Institute of Politics. 1978 died in America.

Lasswell is one of the founders of American behaviorism politics. He used S Floyd's psychoanalysis to analyze and study political phenomena, and thought that "the vitality of various political movements comes from private emotions committed to public purposes", which means that the growth and development of various political movements are the result of people who participate in these movements directing their deep-rooted personal emotions to public channels. He tried to analyze various political leaders with the characteristics of psychopathology, and pointed out that many outstanding leaders in history had mental or physical abnormalities, and all psychological obstacles were political dangers. Inferiority, hating father, homosexuality, narcissism and guilt are all materials that cause fanatics, dictators and tyrants. Sick fear is the root of war. In his view, in order to prevent people from finding a way out from atrocities, persecution and conflicts, it is necessary to eliminate "various tensions that afflict people's souls" and establish "preventive politics", that is, to purify people's minds by relying on education and relying on enough social scientists trained in psychiatry to guide and educate the masses; It can not be achieved by making laws, changing government organizations, expanding public participation and other social changes.

Lasswell introduced sociology, psychology and psychoanalysis into the study of political science earlier, which contributed to the establishment and development of political psychology. He advocated that political science should focus on political power and power subject, and become the representative of political power school. He is also an active advocate of policy science.

Lasswell's contribution to communication studies is mainly manifested in five aspects. First, he made a systematic study of communication from the perspective of political science for the first time, and was recognized as a "pioneer in the development of propaganda and political symbol theory". Secondly, he put forward the famous "5W" communication model and the "three-function theory" of communication. The former perfectly describes the communication process and defines five basic contents: communication control research, content analysis, media research, audience research and effect research, which points out the direction for contemporary communication research. The latter laid the foundation for scholars such as Wright and Xuanweibo to further elaborate the communication function in the future. Thirdly, he put forward the concept of "social communication" and preliminarily discussed the basic topics such as social function of communication from a macro perspective. Fourthly, he advocated and personally practiced the "content analysis method", which made great contributions to making communication science an accurate science because of its accurate and quantitative characteristics. Fifth, he compared the distribution of meaningful political symbols in major news organizations at different times and places by using the content analysis method of communication research.

Lasswell's main works are: Psychopathology and Politics (1930); Politics: Who gets what? When and how to get it? "(Politics: Who gets what, when and how,1936); Structure and Function of Communication (Structure and Function of Communication,1948); The Language of Politics: A Study of Quantitative Semantics (1965); Propaganda and Communication in World History (Propaganda and Communication in World History, 1979, co-author). World political and personal instability; The world revolution of our time; Policy science, etc.

Mass communication: With the development of modern printing and electronic communication technology, a special social information system has emerged.

Edit this part of the theoretical content. Like other social systems, mass communication is also a system and a collection of systems. First of all, it is an electronic information media system that makes economy and society increasingly globalized and informationized. We know that today's world is moving towards globalization and informationization. This process can be understood as a process in which information technology and electronic information equipment are widely used in the economic and social activities of all countries in the world, so as to develop and utilize information resources more effectively, promote global economic development and social progress, and make the labor value created by using information resources gradually rise to the dominant position in the gross national product, thus greatly improving the relevance of economic and social development of all countries in the world. Informatization will have a great and far-reaching impact on the economic, political and cultural subsystems of the whole social system. In the process of informatization, mass media system plays an extremely important role. Especially with the increasing application of mathematical technology, satellite technology and network technology, mass communication has created and is creating a new cultural form-electronic information culture. From a certain point of view, informatization is a new process of cultural system reconstruction. In this new cultural system, electronic information culture will become one of the main bodies, which will promote the transformation of production, commerce, research, education, military, culture and art, break through the time and space constraints, expand the scope of human intellectual activities, and provide conditions for the unlimited development of human creative ability. In order to better understand and study the mass communication system, it is necessary for us to put it into this big system to investigate.

Secondly, mass communication is a subsystem of social system. Mass communication is an important subsystem in the social system. It is influenced and restricted by other social subsystems such as politics, economy and culture. Therefore, mass communication shows great differences in different countries and societies, and it also affects and restricts other social subsystems to some extent. In today's information age, the interaction between them has become one of our focuses. Therefore, without this social system, we can't understand and study mass communication.

Third, mass communication itself is a system composed of multiple systems. Mass communication is an organized and purposeful activity of human beings. Mass communication system includes basic subsystems such as disseminator, information, media, audience, communication effect and feedback.

It can be seen that mass communication is not only influenced and restricted by its electronic information media system and social system, but also has its own movement and development law. According to the viewpoint of system science, it is the unity of other organization and self-organization; However, as a kind of self-organization, mass communication has evolved under the impetus of its own emergence and development, with the characteristics of spontaneity and consciousness, and at the same time, it has the objective law of not being transferred by external specific functions. In the process of obtaining its own space, time or functional structure, mass communication system has its own internal system strength rather than external concrete intervention.

For a long time, our country's understanding and research on mass communication only pays attention to or pays too much attention to other organizational principles of mass communication, and regards it as a social system that can be arbitrarily shaped and intervened for specific external functions, as well as in practice. As a result, the activity efficiency of mass communication system is reduced, the structure and function are unbalanced, and the overall benefit is greatly reduced.

In order to understand the mass communication system more comprehensively and scientifically, construct a new structure of the mass communication system reasonably, give full play to its information function in the economic society and its role in the social system, and understand the self-organization principle of mass communication is very necessary.

Characteristics of editing this paragraph 1 (main activities) Mass communication is an organized communication activity undertaken by professional communication organizations.

2 (Object) The target audience is a broad, scattered and uncertain majority of general social members.

3 (refers to) mass production, reproduction and dissemination of information with the help of modern technology.

4 (Content) The dissemination of content is public, which is different from private or internal dissemination.

5 (Mechanism) There is also a feedback mechanism (such as letters from readers or listening to public hotlines). ), but it was delayed, and the audience also lacked the ability to intervene in the ship process in time.

These characteristics make mass communication have a wide and huge social influence. In modern society, mass communication is the main source for people to obtain external information. It is an important means to achieve national and social goals. It is a tool for various interest groups to strive for and safeguard their own interests, and also a provider of social, cultural and entertainment. In this sense, mass communication is not only a social interaction system, but also an extremely important social management and social control system.