[Review class] 4 class hours
[Review process]
first kind
[Review purpose] Summarize and emphasize the knowledge points of the four major literary works.
[Review content and steps]
First, clear review content and requirements. See the syllabus for senior high school entrance examination P. 17 [knowledge and ability requirements] for details.
Second, the examination form: multiple-choice questions and fill-in-the-blank questions
Third, the scope of the exam: the main points and tips, the literary common sense of the writer's works in the notes, the introduction of the characters and background related to the text, and the knowledge essay.
Fourth, the example appears again:
1, the following statement is completely correct () (3 points)
A. Tang poetry and Song poetry are treasures in the history of China literature. Du Fu is called "Poet Fairy", Li Bai is called "Poet Sage", and Su Shi is one of the representatives of the wild school in Song Dynasty.
B. The inscriptions in The Inscription of the Humble Room, the statements in The Snake Catcher and the statements in The Example are all in the classical style of China.
C. The theory of "Friends Surprised" is selected from Lu Xun's prose collection "A Collection of Two Hearts". In his article, he denounced the shameless slander of the Kuomintang reactionaries against patriotic students and exposed the faces of their slaves who suppressed at home and surrendered abroad.
The author of The Last Lesson is a French dude, my uncle Yule is Mo Bosang of the United States, the chameleon is Chekhov of Russia, and the emperor's new clothes are Andersen of Denmark.
2. The article "Bian Que meets Cai Huangong" is taken from "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _" (title); The author is a thinker of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Time) _ _ _ _ _ (Name); This article warns people not to _ _ _ _ _ (idiom) when making mistakes.
3. In the following text, the sentence is not understood correctly ()
A, changing nationality does not mean changing national feelings; Besides, no country is so attached to its home as we are. ("Jujube Nucleus")-vividly reveals the yearning and love of overseas Chinese for the motherland, and praises the high cohesion and centripetal force of the Chinese nation.
B. Yucun smiled and said, "No,no.. When I think about it, I can keep my mouth shut. " (Gourd monk sentenced Gourd)-Lian said that "inappropriate" is an act of posturing. The so-called "consideration" means subduing everyone by more cunning means and giving everyone an innocent reputation.
C. I know that Mr. Qi is a scholar and an expert. I can only meet him, but I can't give in. That's why I personally care about him. If I can't care about him, I am willing to take care of him three times. (Mayor Chen Yi)-It shows Chen Yi's broad mind of respecting knowledge, talents and seeking talents.
D, put down your schoolbag and go to petition, what a pity! (On Friends Surprised)-The exclamatory sentence only shows the author's infinite sympathy for students to "put down their schoolbags and petition".
Five, the four major literary styles: prose, poetry, novel and drama.
(a), the general knowledge of poetry:
1, features: 1) has a strong emotional color; 2) Express thoughts and feelings through images; 3) rich imagination; 4) concise language; 5) Rhyme, with a sense of rhythm
2. Classification: 1) Expressive forms-① lyric poems, ② narrative poems, such as Back to Yan 'an and Mulan Poems;
2) From the genre-① old-style poems (including words and songs) ② new-style poems (free poems and prose poems), such as Xijiang Moon, Dream in a Dream and Some People.
(2), the general knowledge of prose:
1, definition:
2, characteristics: the shape is scattered but the spirit is not scattered. Materials without form and dispersion are not limited by time and space; Expressions are not eclectic. The focus of prose expression must be clear and concentrated.
3, classification: the focus of performance-① narrative prose (centered on writing notes, often with lyrical elements, such as "Back". (2) Lyric prose (focusing on certain things and expressing the author's feelings vividly), such as Praise of Poplar.
4. Clue-Prose often has a clue in structure, which runs through the material and becomes an organic whole. For example, "Back", with "back" as the main line runs through the full text.
(3) Novel
1, definition:
2. Three elements of the novel: characters, plot and environment.
① Characters: A. Depicting characters is the main means to reflect social life in novels; B, characterization has code
Type and representativeness; C. Methods of shaping characters: appearance description, action description, psychological description, language description, etc.
(2) Plot: a) The novel expresses the characters' character and theme through the plot; B, composition-(prologue), beginning, development, climax, ending, (conclusion)
3 environment: a, the environment is the world of people's activities; B. Environment includes social environment and natural environment, with emphasis on social environment.
3. Classification: short stories (seven matches), novellas (Li Youcai's banhua) and novels (A Dream of Red Mansions).
(4) Drama literature
1, definition
2. Classification ① Art forms and expressions-drama, opera and ballet; 2 plot simplification and structure-full-length drama and one-act drama; (3) The times reflected by the theme-historical drama and modern drama; ④ The nature and expression of contradictions and conflicts-tragedy, drama and comedy.
3. Features of the script: ① The script must be suitable for stage performance; (2) The script must have concentrated and sharp contradictions and conflicts; ③ The characters' language and actions must conform to their own identity and personality characteristics.
4. Descriptive words in the script.
5. Film and television literature script-the blueprint for shooting movies and TV series is a literary genre between drama literature and novels. The description of characters and scenes emphasizes visualization.
Second lesson
First, practical style: narrative, explanatory and argumentative.
(1) Description:
1. Definition: an article with narrative and description as its main forms and characters, narrative and scenery as its main contents.
2, three elements: people, time, place, cause, process and result of things.
3. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
Step 4 describe in detail
5. Narrative center and materials: The central idea is expressed through concrete materials, and the materials must serve the central idea. The materials used in narrative writing should pay attention to expressing true feelings.
6. Expression: Narration, explanation, discussion, description and lyricism are five basic expressions. Narrative is mainly narrative, but it can be expressed in many ways.
(2) Argumentative essay
1, definition
2. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation. Arguments are the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed and must be correct. Arguments are used to prove the facts and authenticity of arguments. Argumentative writing is a method to prove an argument with arguments, and it is a link between arguments and arguments. The common methods of argument are putting facts, reasoning, putting facts and reasoning.
3. Argumentation methods: ① Argumentation (that is, to put forward and clarify one's own views or opinions on certain events and problems, such as talking about bones) ② Refutation (that is, to comment on certain events and problems and refute one-sided, wrong or even reactionary views or opinions, such as "the theory of frightening friends")
4. There are three ways to refute arguments: a, directly refute each other's arguments; B, refute each other's arguments by refuting each other's arguments; C. refute each other's arguments by refuting each other's arguments.
5. The relationship between refutation and argument: the two are not completely separated. Breaking and standing are the unity of dialectics.
6. General structure of argumentative essay: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (thesis)-solving problems (conclusion)
(3) Description text
1, definition
2. Explain the characteristics of things: the symbol that distinguishes one thing from other things is the center of explanation.
3. The order of interpretation: spatial order, chronological order and logical order.
4. Interpretation methods: classification, list, definition, example, analogy, comparison, and quotation, personification, list, explanation, etc.
5. Four characteristics of popular science expository: scientific, vivid (interesting), organized and accurate.
5. Classroom exercises: For details, please refer to the training materials and the General Review of Junior Middle School Chinese (Knowledge Representation and Nuclear Ability Test).
The third category
Review goal: master the main points of fairy tales, fables, news, communication, writing, oral English, inscriptions, watches and other genres.
Review content and steps:
First of all, the teacher briefly explains other genres involved in junior high school textbooks: fairy tales, fables, news, communication, recitation, oral English, inscriptions and tables.
Second, students briefly discuss the characteristics of the above genres in the study group and make a brief record.
Third, the teacher leads the students to further sort out the main characteristics of the above genres.
(1) Fairy tale: It is a kind of children's literature, which reflects life and educates children through imagination and exaggeration. Fairy tales are fictional, not true stories. Such as the emperor's new clothes.
(2) Fable: a literary style with persuasive or allegorical stories as its content. Its length is generally short, and the protagonist is often anthropomorphic animals, plants or other things and phenomena in nature. It usually puts profound truths in simple stories to compare one with another, closer and farther, bigger and smaller. For example, two fables of Aesop.
(3) News: Also called news. It timely and accurately reports the recent important events at home and abroad. Generally, the length is relatively short (it can be a little longer according to the needs of the content). A news mainly includes three parts: title, introduction and text. The headline is a summary of the news content. In addition to the main topic, you can also add a leading topic in front or a subtitle at the back. The introduction part mostly summarizes the facts or the center of the report, and the main part is to expand the facts or further highlight the center. The basic elements of news are time, place and events. News content must be true and truthfully reflect the situation. "Speaking with facts" is the basic feature of news. For example, "News 2"
(4) Communication: Communication, like news, requires timely and accurate reporting of meaningful people and things in life, and the content must be true, which can express the writing object in detail, concretely and vividly; News generally requires conciseness, conciseness and generalization. Communication is divided into character communication and event communication, mainly narrative, but often combined with description, discussion, lyric and other forms of expression. For example, flying to the Pacific Ocean, who is the cutest person.
(5) Note: It is a kind of narrative, generally referring to narrative, describing scenery and objects. For example, Peach Blossom Garden focuses on narration, Zuiweng Pavilion focuses on scenery description, Nuclear Boat focuses on object description, and Yueyang Tower comprehensively uses narration, description, discussion and lyricism.
(6) Say: It is a style. You can make comments or take notes, all to explain a truth. The genre of Shuo is close to modern essays or miscellaneous feelings. No matter narrative or discussion, it is to show the author's views on a problem or phenomenon in social life. It draws on a wide range of materials, writes in an eclectic way, attaches great importance to the choice of words and sentences, and the article fluctuates. For example, the snake catcher said, the horse said.
(7) Inscription: It is a word engraved on a vessel to warn yourself or praise merit, which later became a style. This style generally rhymes. For example, "Humble Room Inscription".
(8) Table: a style written to the emperor in ancient times. Most of the content is to state one's wishes, demands and opinions on certain issues, and the writing method combining discussion, narration and lyricism is adopted, with sincere words. Like a model.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) consolidation exercise:
For details, please refer to the training materials and "General Review of Chinese in Junior High School (Nuclear Ability Test of Knowledge Representation)".
the fourth lesson
Review goal: to sort out the main writers and works in the textbook.
Preparation before class: print and distribute the corresponding finishing exercise table (see the sample table below)
Review content and steps:
1. Instructor guides students to read Essentials of Senior High School Entrance Examination, grasps the connotation of the key word "important", and preliminarily defines the important writers involved in the textbook.
Second, the teacher helps students summarize and sort out, suggesting that:
(1) Major foreign writers and works:
The Emperor's New Dress Fairy Tales: Selected Fairy Tales of Andersen in Denmark
The Meaning of Life, a novel by ostrovsky of the former Soviet Union, How Steel was Tempered.
Chameleon Novels Selected Russian Chekhov Chekhov Novels
Last lesson: French guy
My uncle Joel's novel "The Ball of the Sheep" was written by Mo Bosang, a Frenchman.
Running for governor, American Mark Twain and Mark Twain's short stories.
Window novel tigert, Australia
(2) Modern writers and works in China are briefly prompted by teachers, and students are sorted by table:
Category text
Zuo Jia
Body cutting
tidy
Make a masterpiece instead of a watch.
comment
The writers that must be sorted out are: Lu Xun, Lao She, Contradiction, Ye Shengtao, Bing Xin, Zhu Ziqing, Mao Zedong and Wei Wei.
(3) Ancient writers and works
1, ancient poetry: (refer to sample table)
text
Zuo Jia
Body cutting
tidy
Make a masterpiece instead of a watch.
comment
The works that must be sorted out are: Poetry in Unit 7 of each textbook.
2. Other ancient styles: (refer to the sample table)
text
Zuo Jia
Body cutting
tidy
Make a masterpiece instead of a watch.
comment
The works that must be sorted out are: Six Analects of Confucius, Debate on Cao Gui, One Mountain in Gong Yu, Chapter 2 of Mencius, Bian Que Meeting Cai Huangong, Chen She Family, Model, Peach Blossom Garden, My Humble Room, Love Lotus Theory and Snake Catcher Theory.
(4) For other writers and works not involved, please refer to "General Review of Junior Middle School Chinese (Knowledge Representation and Nuclear Ability Test)".
Third, students organize according to the requirements (using their spare time to finish)
Fourth, check the students' memories on the basis of students' arrangement (some teachers check some students, and some students check the rest)
Eight levels of Chinese composition writing in senior high school entrance examination
First, open your mind-what can you write?
Second, determine the policy:
Style: Narration-Six Elements
Argumentative essay-on sentences and arguments
Style: Safety-Normal and Conventional.
Adventure-novelty and unconventional
Third, determine the center:
Clear: for and against.
Concentration: the expression of one thing or several things
Outstanding: noble (connecting society, life and the world)
Strong fashion
Fourth, material selection: (pay attention to the scope of the topic)
Freshness-innovation
Typical-social significance
Easy to write-with content and twists and turns
Verb (abbreviation for verb) determines the theme:
1. meets the requirements
2. The theme should be simple and clear
3. No language barriers
4. Easy to write
Sixth, is the cutting appropriate:
1. Identify key market segments.
2. Detailed arrangement (important)
3. Delete the content irrelevant to the center.
Seven, write an article:
1. Around the center
2. Clues run through the whole text
3. Describe or analyze (concrete article)
4. Write key paragraphs carefully (set off a climax)
5. Talk about lyricism (talking about things)
6. Pay attention to the beginning and end (ensure relevance)
7. The language is lively and humorous (improve the grade)
Eight, check:
1. Not relevant
Check the problem
3. Inspection center
4. Check the structure (whether the head and tail are coordinated)
5. Look up the language (change sick sentences)
Check text
Check punctuation marks
8. Format
Famous teachers explain: eight golden keys to learning Chinese well
The ancients said: "Those who get the law get twice the result with half the effort, and those who don't get the law get twice the result with half the effort." Many students ask how to learn Chinese well. I think the following methods are the basis of learning Chinese well, so I might as well try them.
Always consult reference books.
Reading and studying should form the habit of consulting dictionaries, dictionaries and other reference books frequently. There are many kinds of reference books, including dictionaries, dictionaries, documents, indexes and other books for reference. The most commonly used reference books are Xinhua Dictionary, Modern Chinese Dictionary, Dictionary of Common Words in Ancient Chinese, Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry and Dictionary of Appreciation of Song Poetry. Reference books are not only the best teachers, but also can be read as general reading materials. Senior high school students had better have two reference books: Modern Chinese Dictionary and Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Common Words.
Study the textbook carefully.
The so-called "textbook" is the basis of a class. Many students, especially senior three students, think that the reading and analysis materials of the college entrance examination are extracurricular, the textbooks are ignored and left behind, and they indulge in the sea of questions all day. The result is time-consuming and laborious, with little effect. For example, in the study of classical Chinese, we are eager to "swim" in the sea of questions in order to understand the content of the class and understand morphology and syntax. Obviously, putting the cart before the horse is futile. The "sparrow" in classical Chinese in class is carefully dissected for extrapolating after class. The back must be thoroughly recited; You must know what you should be familiar with. Generally speaking, the test materials are all taken out in class, but the test sites and answers are in class.
Learn to think independently
Thinking is the central link in mastering knowledge. To develop the habit of independent thinking, we must first be good at asking questions, and thinking begins with questions. Therefore, the best way to get thinking is to ask more why. For example, many students in Grade One and Grade Two ask: Modern Chinese reading materials seem understandable, but every time they do a question, they are always far from the teacher's answer. Why? I think the reason is simple, that is, you don't understand the article at all. It seems that you do know the words, but you can't find the "core" in the words. I suggest that you should "read more books, think more and do less questions" in modern literature. After reading an article, set aside 2-3 minutes to ask yourself a few questions and see if you can answer them. Being able to answer means that you understand; Otherwise, it will have no effect. For example, what is the center of this article? What is the main content of this article? How is it written? Why do you write like this?
Often read extracurricular books.
The most important content of Chinese learning is reading. To learn Chinese well, it is not enough to read only a few textbooks. You must read a lot of extracurricular books and get rich spiritual nourishment from them. Many students say that they have no time to do their homework every day. How can they have time to study? I don't think the point is that you don't have time. The key is whether you want to study or not. If you want to study, you have time. You might as well try! I suggest that everyone should ensure an hour's reading time every day, which can be whole or scattered. Ask yourself before going to bed every day, do you have an hour to read today? Ouyang Xiu used "immediately, on the pillow, on the toilet" to read, and Zheng Banqiao used "on the boat, immediately, on his back" to recite, which should be an example for us to learn. At the same time, in addition to the "shallow reading" materials of newspapers and magazines, we should read more "classics" in a planned way. Reading a book every week means a dozen books a semester, 30 books a year and 100 books in high school for three years. These books will not only enable you to walk confidently into the college entrance examination room in an invincible position, but also be useful for life.
Be good at sorting out reading notes
Chinese knowledge is fragmentary, so we should always sort out what we have learned; When reading, you must learn to circle and sketch, and form the habit of not reading without moving your pen and ink. Writing reading notes helps to cultivate the habit of diligent thinking, improve the order and profundity of thinking, and deepen the understanding and memory of reading materials. There are several ways to make reading notes: extract, extract, make cards, outline and explore the mystery, and feel after reading.
Keep a diary and practice your composition.
Diary and essays are selective and focused records of what you see, hear, think and feel. Not only is the form flexible, it can be long or short and can be discussed; And the content is also very extensive, and you can talk about anything. Insist on practicing writing, one is to practice the proficiency of language and writing, the other is to practice your thinking ability and cognitive ability, and pay attention to cultivating your observation ability, feeling ability and thinking ability. As the saying goes, "Song never leaves his mouth, boxing never leaves his hand", and the writing ability of Chinese requires "pen never leaves his hand".
Talking about taking the initiative to ask people for advice
To learn Chinese well, we must form the habit of asking others for advice, be sensitive and eager to learn, and not be ashamed to ask questions. Anyone who doesn't understand, has doubts and is not sure should have the courage to ask others, teachers, classmates, parents and everyone who may know the situation. Learning also needs the spirit of searching to the bottom, truth is often born in discussion, and the spark of wisdom only flashes in collision.
Concentrate on the class
In addition to listening carefully to the teacher's explanation, one should also start writing, draw circles in the notebook, write down the key points, difficulties and doubts in the notebook, think while listening, pay attention to the teacher's lecture ideas and points, think positively and be ready to speak at any time. Many students often don't pay attention to the lecture in class, but they have to spend a few hours after class to make up the content of a class, which is really not worth the candle.
The above eight methods are not only the skills of learning Chinese, but also the habit of learning Chinese well, and also the key to unlocking the lock of Chinese. It can really be said that "with the golden key, you can't worry about locking it."
Senior high school entrance examination: four aspects make you "more beautiful"
At present, everyone is welcoming the senior high school entrance examination. As a junior three student, he must be trying to write a good composition. It is estimated that every student should practice writing at least10,20 compositions from now until the senior high school entrance examination, so you should try your best to "make your articles more beautiful".
Make the title of the article more beautiful
In recent years, the composition topics of the senior high school entrance examination are beautiful, such as "I also won a green olive" and "I want to sing a song" and so on. The topic is the eyes and windows of the article. The topic of beauty is like a magnet, which will attract readers' attention and arouse their strong desire to read. Some meaningful topics will make readers taste it again and again, which will be unforgettable for a long time.
In addition to the whole proposition, the senior high school entrance examination does not rule out the possibility of semi-proposition, material composition and picture composition. At this time, it is possible to have problems of your own. For example, if you write a composition about your mother, besides me and your mother, you can also express it as "for the mother's smile", "looking at her head with silver thread", "mother's treasure chest" and "tender maternal love". The theme of the article should be novel and eye-catching, and it should integrate feelings, characters, action details or the theme of the article.
Make the content of the article more beautiful
"A full mind lies not in the richness of language, but in the content, not in showing off." Shakespeare's famous saying tells the true meaning of writing: the beauty of an article depends on the beauty of its content.
The content should be fresh and true, avoid making things up against common sense of life, and avoid using old millet and rotten sesame seeds stiffly; The content should be specific and sufficient, and it is forbidden to have half claws, elbows and thighs; The content should be sincere and sincere, and avoid posturing and moaning. Mr. Zhu Ziqing's Back is a model in this respect. Read it well and read it several times, and you will understand the beauty of its content.
You might as well prepare some materials that only I know you have experienced or witnessed in your life, and write with your heart, which will make the content of the article more beautiful.
Make the structure of the article more beautiful.
Content and form are always integrated, comprehensive and closely related. Exquisite structure often makes the content look more beautiful. As Heine said, "Just like a jeweler making a gold chain, he carefully connects the small links very properly."
If you can use some skills, the structure of this article will naturally be more beautiful.
Let the article ups and downs. Might as well learn to use the method of suspense setting to try, if you can do suspense again and again, so much the better; Might as well learn to try with emotional suppression, if you want to improve first, if you want to suppress first, it is better to suppress instead; Otherwise, rhetorical questions are more ups and downs than straightforward questions. As for flashbacks and gags, we must master them.
Make the article seamless. The first and last titles are the most convenient skills; Paving can make the article more compact; As for the flexible use of transitional sentences, it can naturally add beauty to the article.
Make the language of the article more beautiful.
Language is the shell of thinking, articles are products, language is the packaging of products, and wonderful content must be beautifully packaged.
Remember names more specifically. Such as cheekbones, eyebrows, chin and forehead, some students only know face or head. Imagine that in the Camellia Fu, red plum, Bai Mei, cinnabar plum, agate, snow lion and purple robe were removed, and they were collectively called safflower and white flower. How much is missing?
Write sentences of different lengths. Don't use long sentences or short sentences. Staggered length and patchwork will make the article more beautiful.
Turn this sentence upside down. For example, "I love my motherland" might as well be written as "motherland, I love you"; "I watched her fade away silently" might as well be written as "Her back faded away, I watched silently ..." Of course, it should be used occasionally according to the specific situation.
For example, using a string of parallelism and quoting a famous poem can make the language of the article look beautiful.
Make your article more beautiful. Add up the beauty of title, content, structure and language bit by bit. Are you afraid that your article won't look good?
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