For example, argumentative writing is a big problem. I found in my composition that students choose materials at will, and they don't even know how to choose materials or how to use them. Next, I will talk about some aspects that should be paid attention to in argumentative writing with some typical training examples in students' compositions.
First, the selection of cases should be true and typical, and never underestimate yourself.
Mao Zedong (1), a great man, lived in wartime, and he was determined to change this situation and learn from the rise of China. He led the China * * * production party against imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek's government. After experiencing numerous difficulties and summing up experiences and lessons, he gradually grew up in hardships. After numerous failures, imperialism was finally driven out of China, Chiang Kai-shek's rule was overthrown, and a new China was established, which brought people a stable life.
Analysis: The most basic requirement of argumentative examples is truth. In this case, Zhou Enlai's famous saying, which everyone is familiar with, was put on Mao Zedong. In addition, the whole sentence seems to emphasize that it is his own credit to drive out imperialism and overthrow Chiang Kai-shek, so this example is not very convincing.
(2) There is no eighty-one difficulty on the way to learn from the scriptures, and it is impossible for Tang Priest and his disciples to achieve a positive result; How could the Monkey King be so impressed without the alchemy furnace of the old gentleman?
Analysis: This example comes from fictional literary works. How can Father Tang Can and his disciples be used as arguments because they are fictional characters? If you change the story of Tang Priest into the historical facts of Xuanzang's westward journey, it will be very convincing! It can be seen that the plots and characters in fictional literary works cannot be used as arguments.
Second, list examples to pay attention to logic, to avoid logical impassability.
(3) Without suffering, how can there be Wen Tianxiang's free and easy "Who has never died in life since ancient times, and the heart of keeping Dan is a history book"; Without suffering, how can Fu recite the famous sentence "Zhu Men's wine stinks and the road freezes to death"? No suffering; How can Shi Biao produce this touching masterpiece of Chen Qingbiao? Without suffering, how could Sima Qian write such a famous article as Historical Records? Suffering is golden.
Analysis: This classmate thinks that suffering has played such a role, which is worth pondering! Sima Qian can't write happily.
Historical records? Wen Tianxiang is free and easy because of suffering? It is natural for Du Fu to write famous sentences for the loss of parents and children, but we say that this is the credit of suffering. Prove that "suffering is golden" is cruel!
(4) In order to sit on the throne of the emperor, Puyi did not hesitate to become a puppet of imperialism and ruined the personality of a China. However, even such an ugly person has experienced no less suffering than anyone else in his life. It can be seen that suffering is as essential to life as eating and sleeping.
Analysis: The logic of this example is also problematic. First of all, Puyi was the emperor of Xuan Tong before he became a puppet. Secondly, Puyi did not experience suffering. What about all the people in the world?
Third, the examples should be concise, and they should be analyzed in analytical language to avoid narrating events.
(5) I believe everyone knows! Helen Keller, a famous American writer, 1880 was born in America. Unfortunately, when she was very young, she was deprived of her bright and noisy world because of an illness and became a disabled person who could neither see nor hear. However, the suffering brought by life did not make her depressed, but made her stronger to live and work. Perhaps it is this kind of suffering that makes her cherish what she has now. The angel of bad luck gave her the greatest misfortune, but she found lucky happiness from behind this misfortune, so with a grateful heart, she devoted her life to the public welfare relief cause for the deaf. Perhaps, she can choose to escape, live a negative life, be a slave to fate and let fate dominate her life, but she is active in the memory of the long river of history for her name. Suffering is golden.
Analysis: If the examples are too detailed, it will affect the stylistic features and lead to unclear style. Writing about her birth is useless to the theme and should be deleted. Her experience is well known, so this part can be omitted. Only the analysis part is left.
Fourth, the examples of ancient and modern China and foreign countries should be properly connected, and it is forbidden to list and pile up.
(6) Ye Zhichao is afraid of death. Escape overnight, and the result will go down in history and be remembered for thousands of years. With the continuous submission of the Qing government, China was gradually reduced to a semi-colony, and imperialism was rampant in China. Even some small nameless countries could ride on our heads and run wild. Damn it!
Chen Ran was arrested and tortured by Kuomintang reactionaries, but he never gave in and wrote My Freedom, which is immortal.
Gou Jian, who suffered from human sufferings and humiliation, led troops to overthrow the rulers at that time, regained the throne and unified the country.
Helen Keller and Hawking, physically disabled and determined, created a world of their own through their unremitting efforts.
Analysis: One person, one government, the juxtaposition of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign cases requires a transitional street connection, and each example starts a new paragraph. Without the necessary street connection, the article will appear scattered and have the suspicion of enumerating examples. In addition, choose a case. In addition, try to choose cases related to nature.
(7) Lincoln, Edison, Zhang Haidi and other successful figures have experienced many hardships. They also bravely struggled against difficulties and constantly dared to make progress. Suffering is also a kind of wealth.
Analysis: The three people selected in this example are indeed representative, but they are not in the same period and country, and the time and space span is too big, which leads to a big thinking span! When selecting materials, we should pay attention to the fact that several people who are juxtaposed in this way should be at the same level (such as status level, same field, same period, etc.). ), the span should not be too big, the standards should be unified, the materials should be selected in many ways, and it should not be too casual!
Five, list multiple cases, but also arrange the order reasonably to avoid confusion.
(8) Su Shi was relegated to the south for hundreds of miles all his life, but it was in this kind of suffering that he got the famous sentence "The river of no return, with its waves everywhere, is a romantic figure through the ages". When Cao Xueqin was young, his family came down, which made him worry about food and clothing in the future, but it was also suffering that made him write a historical masterpiece, A Dream of Red Mansions, full of absurd words and bitter tears. Similarly, Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote Li Sao. He was banished to Shu and wrote Lv Chunqiu. After being framed and whipped, Sun Tzu compiled The Art of War. Mencius ` ~ ~ ~
Analysis: There is something wrong with the order of these examples. Su Shi and Cao Xueqin lived much later than Qu Yuan, Lv Buwei and Sun Zi, so it is reasonable to put them behind.
Students should not commit the above five taboos, but also grasp the five principles. In addition, the flexible use of common rhetorical devices such as metaphor, parallelism and quotation will make their language wonderful and beautiful, and will also add a lot of color to their articles. The following two examples can be taken as examples:
(9) Suffering is varied: the country is broken and the family is dead. Wen Tianxiang lamented that "the mountains and rivers are broken and ups and downs, and life experiences are ups and downs." The official career is not smooth, and Du Fu only sees "the leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, but I think the long river always rolls forward"; After the relatives left, Shi Mi felt "lonely and inseparable".
(10) Who would have thought that this was the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty when he saw a refugee begging for food everywhere naked? When I saw a tried-and-true scholar and a woodcutter who cut wood for a living, who would have thought that they were the king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the queen mother of the East?
When I saw a hungry child in Sichuan. Who would have thought that this would be the first commander-in-chief of the PLA in the future?