With the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, the employment situation of college graduates is becoming increasingly severe objectively. In addition, due to the lack of proper professionalism and career planning awareness, the competitiveness of college students in job hunting is further reduced. It is more and more necessary and urgent to strengthen the career design and counseling of higher vocational students. Nowadays, career planning has become an important topic for college students. It helps college students to determine their career direction and goals on the basis of self-awareness, and make corresponding plans to avoid blindness in employment and provide the most efficient way for individuals to achieve career success. Colleges and universities should attach great importance to the education of college students' career planning, vigorously promote the reform and support the realization of college students' career planning from the system.
Keywords: career planning status, problems, countermeasures
1 Current Situation of College Students' Career Planning in China
Career planning started late in China, with a history of less than ten years. At present, the research on career planning theory in China is only in the early stage of exploration, mainly learning from advanced foreign theories, and there is no career planning theory that really suits China's national conditions. Moreover, China's career planning service institutions are relatively scarce, and the career counseling for college students is limited to the campus. Because the environment and atmosphere of interaction among schools, students and society has not yet formed, college students' understanding of career planning only stays at the level of ideas and words, which shows that China's career planning service institutions are still relatively weak. So once students really choose a career, they will be at a loss. It can be seen that it is of great significance to carry out career planning among college students in higher vocational colleges.
2 vocational college students career planning problems
2. 1 I don't know what career planning is.
Many students in higher vocational colleges have little knowledge of the professional requirements of their professional counterparts and little contact with the society because their life scope is almost confined to the university campus. Many of them think that career planning is a laborious and useless job. They have no clear goal to fight for it, but just go with the flow. These reasons lead to students' indifference to career planning and blind confidence in the future, which directly leads to students' inability to meet career requirements and social needs when looking for a job after graduation.
2.2 the limitations of their own understanding
In recent years, with the expansion of colleges and universities, the quality of students in higher vocational colleges is generally low. Many students often feel inferior because of their poor results in the college entrance examination, which leads to unclear learning objectives, incorrect and inactive learning attitudes and lack of rational understanding of their future careers. When it comes to employment, they are at a loss, too dependent on society and parents, and have poor self-reliance ability; Some students come to school only to be curious about a certain major, not to get a career. Their understanding of the future career is hazy and shallow, and they lack understanding of their own professional interests, professional temperament and professional ability.
2.3 biased value orientation
Today, with the rapid economic development, graduates' pursuit of career choice has gradually turned into economic benefits brought by their careers, and more and more students value the income, status and prestige of their jobs. In the survey of 200 college students in our school, most students demand about 2000 yuan, accounting for about 28% of the total number. Secondly, the number of people who choose 1000-2000 yuan is 2 1%. The number of people whose salary is expected to be below 1000 yuan only accounts for about 5% of the total number. This shows that economic interests are an important aspect of college students' professional values.
Career planning is a dynamic development process, and it is very rare for a person to work in the same work unit until retirement. The key lies in whether the starting point values are correct and whether the planning is scientific and reasonable. However, some students in higher vocational colleges often choose their careers in big cities and public enterprises, blindly following the trend without considering their own actual situation, resulting in many students missing employment opportunities again and again.
3 vocational college students career planning countermeasures
3. 1 Incorporate career planning into the entrance education of students in higher vocational colleges.
When students enter school, they should be educated in career planning, telling them the school-running concept, school-running mode, training direction, professional characteristics and employment direction, helping them to know their school in time and effectively, get familiar with their majors, correct their learning attitude, change their learning concept, change their professional prejudice in their minds, establish a correct view of career choice, be familiar with their professional situation, master their professional skills, and understand that learning is for work, and they must have professional skills to survive. To improve the quality of life, we must work hard, then develop our personality and potential purposefully, and organically combine our study activities at school with our future career. According to the characteristics that higher vocational colleges attach importance to skills and practice, they actively participate in various teaching activities in the classroom while taking the way of inviting in and going out, so that the cultivation and training of personal professional interests, professional ideals, professional abilities and job-seeking skills can become conscious actions under the guidance of theory; Through watching videos, discussions, simulation training and other activities, students are encouraged to exercise in practice and often communicate with front-line staff to cultivate their professional interests.
3.2 Vocational colleges should carry out targeted career planning and guidance.
3.2. 1 Guide students to conduct correct self-analysis.
Career planning should combine one's own personality, temperament, interests, abilities and specialties, give full play to one's own advantages, and foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. The purpose of self-analysis is to understand one's own personality and specialty. Different occupations have different personality requirements. You should be good at analyzing your ability and potential. Everyone has great potential, and the key is to be confident. Learn to analyze your professional values and find what you want from your career development. Therefore, self-analysis is the basis of career planning, which is directly related to personal career success.
3.2.2 Introduce the current social situation and employment situation to enhance students' understanding of society.
China is in a new era of constant adjustment of economic structure and continuous upgrading of industries, with changeable occupations and intensified competition for talents as one of its characteristics. Schools should introduce the current social situation and employment situation to students in combination with social reality, so that students can fully understand the society and be psychologically prepared to adapt to it, thus helping them to establish a correct outlook on life, career and career choice, with noble professional sentiments and down-to-earth work style. Be able to choose a career correctly according to social needs and personal characteristics and become a successful person. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the publicity of the employment situation, guide students to establish the concept of "employment first, then choosing a job", and let students understand that it is becoming less and less possible for a person to work in a position in a unit for a lifetime, so as to establish the concept of competitive employment and prepare for multiple jobs.
3.2.3 Strengthen the system construction of career planning and guidance.
Career planning and construction is a long-term and arduous task, which must be often talked about and done. Schools can offer relevant courses, equip full-time teachers, arrange vocational guidance personnel to participate in training, offer vocational guidance and entrepreneurship education courses and incorporate them into the teaching plan, and carry them out in a planned and targeted manner, so as to make unremitting efforts to ensure the time and realize the standardization of career planning and guidance.
Career planning is a systematic and long-term project, which is the first step for college students to succeed, and it is also a crucial step. Colleges and students should establish the consciousness of career planning. At the same time, it is urgent to formulate standards that adapt to China's actual situation and future development to standardize college career planning and make it standardized and scientific. Professional, rule-based and standardized operation.
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[4] Huang Zhu. On the guidance of college students' career planning [J]. Education and Career, 2006, (4).
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