There are few papers published on reproduction, whether it is musk deer turtle or box turtle. The mating details of wild populations have not been reported. In her book Raising Potted Animals (Zimmerman, 1986), Elke Zimmermann described in detail the mating situation of salvinii Staurotypus salvinii captivity. Most of its movements are the same as those of leptospira and muskrat. During the feeding process in Columbus Zoo, it was found that the struggle between male individuals helped to ensure the success of fertilization. In Ranunculus and Muskrat, the average number of eggs in a nest is 9, and more than one nest of eggs may be produced in a season. Because of the existence of heterochromosomes, the genus Cucumis does not seem to show temperature-dependent sex determination (see Ewert et al., 199 1, although there are some potential complicated factors). Claudius Angusta does not have this temperature-dependent sex determination. This turtle may lay several nests every year, although the number of eggs per pile is relatively small (Flores-Villela et al., 1995). These eggs are piled up at the bottom of vegetation instead of being buried. The incubation period in the wild is unknown, but it varies greatly when raised artificially, ranging from 95 days to 229 days (Flores-Villela et al., 1995). The incubation period of musk turtle at 25-30℃ is 145 days, while that of box turtle is only about 90 days (Zimmermann, 1986).

Many species of Actinidiaceae, especially North America, have been described in detail (please refer to Ernst et al. 1994' s review and references therein, and also refer to the articles of Mahmoud et al. 1967 and Bels et al. 1994). Although it varies from species to species, in general, Ranunculaceae turtles do not have any elaborate courtship process. Typical steps include the male turtle chasing the female turtle, smelling her cloaca, and sometimes smelling the nail bridge between the abdominal nail and the dorsal nail. Occasionally, it will be accompanied by head-to-head gaze, or the male turtles will gently push each other. If the female turtle leaves, the male turtle will run after her, sniffing and shoving her repeatedly until she decides not to move. The male turtle will climb onto the carapace of the female turtle from one side or back, and grasp the carapace of the other with four feet. During actual mating, the male turtle will move backwards or stand at an angle with the female turtle's carapace. This is related to their relative size and different kinds of physical characteristics (such as the length of tail and the position of cloaca).

The way eggs are placed varies from species to species, and even different individuals of the same species are different. Some turtles choose to bury their eggs, while others pile them under vegetation or other hidden places. Most species of mud turtles and musk turtles can lay several nests of eggs each season, but relatively speaking, they lay fewer eggs at a time (one to five on average). The length of the incubation period depends on the local conditions and types, but almost all of them need 3 to 5 months. Both the mud turtle and the musk turtle show the characteristics of temperature-dependent sex determination-within a certain temperature range, the hatchlings are mainly male, while the females are born at a slightly higher or lower temperature (Ewert et al., 199 1). Incubation should be carried out in a humid medium (such as a mixture of water moss, soil and vermiculite with good water retention), and the temperature is about 25-30 C, taking Sternotherusodoratus as an example. At 25℃, almost all eggs hatched are male turtles, while at 30℃, almost all eggs hatched are female turtles (Ewert et al., 199 1). The incubation period varies from three months to more than six months, depending on the temperature and turtle species (Zimmerman, 1986).