Self-consciousness psychology paper 1: on remolding self-consciousness and promoting mental health education. The purpose of mental health education in colleges and universities is to cultivate new people with strong mental health and social adaptability. In order to achieve this goal, we must recognize the problems and reasons in the process of college students' self-shaping and find out the countermeasures to solve them.
Keywords: self-shaping, main problems, mental health education
Cultivating modern builders with ideals, morality, culture and discipline is the fundamental task of higher education in China and the fundamental purpose of mental health education in colleges and universities. This paper analyzes the main problems, reasons and ways of college students' self-remolding.
First, the main problems and reasons of college students' mental health education
1. As an only child, some college students are highly dependent on life.
In college, college students want to live alone outside. Because of the bad habit of being naked and unable to make ends meet, when they leave their parents for the first time to start their real independent study and life, college students with fragile thoughts and insufficient social experience can't correctly understand themselves. They will change from self-confidence and generosity to inferiority and silence in the laughter of their classmates; Some are willful and competitive everywhere, just asking for respect and recognition from others; Some are pretentious, unwilling to accept other people's education, and only trust their own knowledge and understanding; Once some people encounter difficulties, they will be depressed, lack perseverance and have no courage to face up to reality.
2. The temporary disappearance of learning motivation and the ambiguity of learning goals make college students hesitate.
The intense and purposeful high school life is over, and college students suddenly enter a free university with a lot of free time, which psychologically relieves all the pressure and loses the direction of their efforts. Studying in a university is largely voluntary, without the urging of teachers or the contact of parents. Some college students, after going to college, relax themselves intentionally or unintentionally and begin to enjoy themselves.
3. How to deal with interpersonal relationships and conduct normal social communication is a big problem for college students.
In college, students come from all corners of the country, different regions, different living habits and different personalities come together, and students can't adapt at once. Because there are many activities and flying personalities in the university, there are many opportunities to show personal interests and specialties. Whether to change oneself to adapt to others, or let others change themselves to adapt to themselves, and how to cultivate themselves into an all-round development person are all problems that plague college students.
4. The increasingly fierce social competition has increased the psychological load of college students.
The socialist market economy is consolidating and developing day by day, and the concept of market competition is deeply rooted in people's hearts. However, the negative effects of market economy have a great influence on college students to establish a correct world outlook, scientific outlook on life and values. Due to the increasingly fierce social competition, the hedonism of harming others and benefiting themselves, money first and competition has had a great influence on college students. In addition, the current employment problem in China is serious, which also makes college students feel uneasy and full of worries about the future.
5. Network information also has a great influence on the normal growth of college students.
Nowadays, the rapid development of Internet information technology not only promotes the prosperity of the world economy, but also changes people's lifestyle to a great extent, impacting people's world outlook, values and mental state. As a huge group of netizens, college students receive a lot of harmful information while getting useful information from the Internet, which brings great challenges to the mental health work in colleges and universities.
Second, college students remould themselves and improve their mental health.
College students are in a mature period and are transitioning to adults. In this period, college students need to make a brand-new life orientation and establish new life ideals and goals. Therefore, the primary task of mental health education in colleges and universities is to help college students successfully complete this transformation, so as to realize a great leap in life.
1. Establish good living habits
Science has proved that good living habits are of great significance and role in promoting people's physical and mental health. Living habits are an important part of life and lifestyle, and also a key factor for people to maintain physical and mental health. Bad living habits are one of the important reasons for college students' physical and mental diseases.
2. Help college students realize it as soon as possible? Ideal self? With what? Who you really are? be organically combined
During the university period, students' consciousness began to develop with their own psychological trends as the object, and reached the self-state according to the subjective self and the social reality of subjective feelings. One is the ideal (subject) self, and the other is the realistic (object) self. If the subject and object can maintain a general balance, that is, the individual's true ability, personality and desire can be expressed truthfully, and the individual can appear in front of others with his true colors, without hiding anything from others, which is conducive to giving full play to his practical ability and promoting the healthy development of college students. Counselors should guide students to go their own way and realize the perfect unity of subject and object.
3. Vigorously strengthen the construction of campus culture
Campus culture construction is an important form of cultivating talents in colleges and universities, and it is also a position for college students to shape themselves. The construction of harmonious campus culture is conducive to cultivating college students' ability to adapt to social environment; Campus culture has the characteristics of openness and diversity, which can provide college students with opportunities to exercise their ability to adapt to the social living environment from different sides, angles and levels. Second, it is conducive to developing college students' intelligence, improving their cultural literacy and perfecting their knowledge structure. Third, it is conducive to the improvement of college students' mental health. In the construction of campus culture, some positive cultural activities can help college students understand society, national conditions and life, thus effectively resisting the invasion of decadent ideas. Fourth, it is beneficial to the physical and mental health of college students. Because of campus culture, to a certain extent, twins meet the needs of college students, such as love, communication, knowledge and self-realization. At the same time, campus culture can eliminate all kinds of psychological obstacles of college students. Fifth, improve college students' interpersonal skills and lay a good foundation for entering the society in the future.
4. Solve psychological problems in a scientific and positive way.
(1) Try hard to learn the knowledge of mental health, understand and master the laws of psychological activities, so as to act according to the laws, improve pertinence and reduce blindness.
(2) College students learn to adjust themselves psychologically and cultivate healthy emotions. A good mood can not only cure diseases, but also prevent diseases. College students can strengthen interpersonal communication, communicate ideas and exchange information by participating in sports, clubs, social practice and other activities, so as to maintain a healthy mentality and a good mood.
(3) Establish and improve the psychological defense mechanism. Psychological defense mechanism is a psychological internal adjustment mechanism, which can usually relieve people's negative emotions such as anxiety, inferiority and pain. Therefore, when college students encounter psychological problems, they should use positive psychological defense mechanism, face difficulties correctly, and be good at using the knowledge, methods and means they have learned to solve problems.
References:
[1] Gao Yuxiang. Introduction to Personality Psychology [M]. Xi 'an: Shaanxi People's Education Publishing House, 1985.
[2] Liu Heping.21Century Pedagogy. Northeastern University Press, 2000.
[3] Opinions on Strengthening College Students' Mental Health Education [n] .200 1, 3.
Self-consciousness Psychology Part II: On Self-consciousness [Abstract] Self-consciousness is an important part of personality. Self-awareness affects the nature, direction, speed and process of personality formation. This paper expounds the concept, structure, development, research tools, direction and perfection of self-consciousness.
[Keywords:] self-awareness; Self-awareness; self experience
1 the concept of self-awareness
Socrates is conscious? Midwife? . Socrates firmly believes that there is universal and reliable truth. What is the way to explore universal inevitability? Know yourself? . Therefore, the concept of self-consciousness in western philosophy originated from ancient Greece [1]. After that, the thinking of self-consciousness mainly stayed in the field of philosophical speculation for a long time. It was not until 1890 that James first introduced self-awareness into the field of psychological research in his book Principles of Psychology. Feng Te, a pioneer of psychology, also participated in the study of self-awareness. However, early psychologists discussed its concept in theory, but it lacked consistency, and the research results were confusing, vague and complicated [2]. It was not until the 1920s that scholars in the field of western psychology began to study themselves, among which Cooley, Meade and Freud were the representatives. Among them, after Freud put forward three personality structures: id, ego and superego, the concept of self-consciousness began to be clear. Generally speaking, self-awareness refers to the individual's understanding, experience and desire for his various physical and mental states and the relationship between himself and his surroundings.
2 the structure of self-awareness
Self-awareness is an individual's understanding of himself. Many studies believe that self-awareness and personality psychological characteristics and tendencies are parallel components of personality, but many scholars hold an opposing attitude. Up to now, there is no consensus on the relationship between self-awareness and personality psychological characteristics and personality psychological tendency. However, it is agreed that self-awareness is not only closely related to basic knowledge and family, but also closely related to personality.
Self-consciousness has its own structure, that is, it is the advanced stage of human consciousness development and the self-regulation system of personality, which plays a role in organizing, controlling and promoting the formation and development of personality. Self-awareness is a multi-dimensional and multi-level complex psychological system or structure. From the form of expression, it can be divided into self-knowledge, since the enlightenment and self-discipline [4]. Many scholars have different classification methods. Zhu Zhixian believes that the so-called consciousness is the consciousness of the subject. It includes three levels: awareness of one's body and its state; Consciousness of one's physical activity; Consciousness of one's own thoughts, feelings and will [5]. James, an American psychologist, divides ego into two aspects: subjective ego (I) and objective ego (I). Subjective self is the active part of self, and it is the aspect of understanding, launching, directing and regulating individual activities. I am an object, the consciousness of the object of psychological activities such as attention, thinking and perception in self [2]. From the direction of conscious activities, self-awareness can also be divided into private self-awareness and public self-awareness. The former means that individuals pay attention to their own feelings and their own evaluation criteria, while the latter means that individuals pay attention to how others view themselves and their own evaluation criteria [6]. There are many similar classifications, all of which divide their structures from different angles.
3 the occurrence and development of self-awareness
The individual's self-consciousness begins to sprout in infancy and gradually matures in adolescence. Research shows that there are two leaps in the development of individual self-awareness: the first leap is about 1 ~ 3 years old, so children will use pronouns? Me? Mark yourself as an important feature; The second leap period is junior high school [7].
The research of Han et al [8] shows that the general trend of self-awareness development of primary and secondary school students presents a curve from low to high. This general trend also presents three rising periods and three stable periods. The first rising period is from Grade One to Grade Three. From the third grade of primary school to the fifth grade of primary school, it entered a stable period. The second rising period is from the fifth grade of primary school to the first grade of junior high school, and then enters the stable period of the third grade. The third rising period is from grade three to grade one, and then enters a stable period in grade three. There are different views on the development of self-awareness. Yang and other studies also found that the academic level has dropped to the third grade [9]. Wang Wei and other studies have found that the family relationship, friends relationship and attitude towards school of fourth-grade students have declined, suggesting that the self-awareness of fourth-grade students has declined compared with that of second-grade students [10]. Piers and Harris' research confirmed that students in grade three and grade five scored much higher on the self-awareness scale than students in grade six [1 1]. The research of Chinese scholar Yang Shantang shows that the second grade of junior high school is a critical period for the development of self-awareness [12]. Yang Xinde's research found that the second grade of junior high school may be an important period for the development of self-awareness [13]. Therefore, how to change the development curve of self-awareness in junior high school is still inconclusive.
4 self-awareness research tools and research direction
Self-awareness scale is usually used, which is compiled by Fenigstein, Seheier and Buss [14]. The scale consists of three subscales ***23 items, namely 10 item for measuring personal consciousness, 7 items for measuring public consciousness and 6 items for measuring social anxiety. These subscales can be used alone or in combination. Among them, self-awareness refers to the habitual attention to the private aspects of self, which only oneself can observe; public self-awareness refers to the habitual attention to the public aspects of self, which others can observe and evaluate; Social anxiety reflects the anxiety of individuals because they perceive the existence of others. In the original scale, there is a moderate positive correlation between public self-awareness and private self-awareness, and between public self-awareness and social anxiety; The correlation between self-awareness and social anxiety is close to zero. The scale uses five grades, from 0 (very inconsistent) to 4 (very consistent).
The study of self-awareness mainly focuses on the following aspects. In the aspect of personal consciousness, the study is not only about the advantages and disadvantages of personal consciousness [15], single and double factors [16], and the influence on mental health [16], but also involves the comparative study of individual differences. For example, Scandell found in a study on the correlation between personal consciousness and big five personality factors that there is a significant positive correlation between personal consciousness and public consciousness. After controlling the influence of public consciousness with partial correlation technology, personal consciousness is positively correlated with the openness of experience and negatively correlated with agreeableness. Kemmelmeier's research found that individuals with high self-awareness have the same value orientation and attitude; For individuals with low self-awareness, value orientation has nothing to do with attitude. From the perspective of gender, many studies have found that women score higher than men in personal consciousness or public consciousness. For women, self-awareness may be a more important psychological experience. Women with high self-awareness (whether self-awareness or public self-awareness) experience more intense emotional state, but these effects will not happen to men. In terms of geography, Shuzo's research shows that Japanese people have a lower level of self-awareness than Americans. Cross-cultural differences are also reflected in two factors of self-awareness. Chart found that the self-awareness of Hong Kong college students is significantly higher than that of German, French, Danish and Swedish college students in three factors: personal anxiety, public anxiety and social anxiety. To sum up, today's research on self-awareness mainly focuses on self-awareness and gender, while there are few comparative studies in different cultural regions.
5. Perfection and shaping of self-awareness
Self-awareness plays an important role in the formation and development of personality. We know that heredity and education play a decisive role in the formation of personality. But self-awareness is the intermediary of these factors, and self-awareness determines the influence of these factors on people. In other words, self-awareness affects the formation speed, nature, initiative and autonomy of personality. Then, the perfection and shaping of self-awareness is particularly important for the formation and development of personality.
5. 1 Know yourself and accept yourself
There are two main ways for individuals to know themselves. First, analyze and experience the psychological activities and behaviors of the self, and make a certain comparison with the people around you, so as to understand and know the inner world of the self and make a certain evaluation. Second, judge yourself according to others' attitude towards yourself. Compare the evaluation given by others with the psychological activities and behaviors of oneself, and finally deepen self-cognition and self-evaluation.
On the basis of positive and accurate self-understanding, accept the advantages and disadvantages of self, but we can't avoid subconsciously knowing ourselves because of shortcomings. Only when we can face ourselves squarely and accept our imperfect selves happily can we truly know ourselves and accept ourselves.
5,2 the role of self-experience
In the process of self-knowledge, individuals produce certain experience standards. Self-experience is pleasant when standard behaviors and psychological activities appear. When individuals realize that their behavior and psychological activities are harmful to their personality, they will have bad self-experiences such as fear and shame, and may eventually restrain or stop their behavior and psychological activities.
5, 3 strengthen self-control.
Self-control is the expression of self-consciousness in the will, which is developed on the basis of self-knowledge and self-experience. Self-control not only limits the nature and direction of psychological activities and behaviors, but also strives to meet social requirements. Formulate corresponding plans and procedures, aiming at perfecting and improving their actions. Use self-analysis, self-experience, self-encouragement, self-monitoring and self-command in action.
5, 4 improve self-confidence.
Self-confidence is the premise of forming a healthy self-awareness. Self-confidence is a positive state of self-awareness and an organic part of self-awareness. It is an objective and sufficient estimation of its own strength on the basis of affirming its own existence value. It directly affects the formation of self-concept, the orientation of self-evaluation and the design and grasp of self-ideal, and plays a very important role in comprehensively experiencing and regulating one's thoughts and behaviors. Self-confidence can help individuals to stimulate their potential and face failures and setbacks bravely. In the classroom of college students, we adopt various ways to cultivate students' self-confidence, help them know themselves objectively, let them sum up their past successful experiences, and finally make them? As long as you work hard, you will get something? Such beliefs are internalized to achieve the purpose of enhancing self-confidence.
5, 5 improve self-esteem
Self-esteem is an important emotional experience of individuals, including self-love, self-esteem and respect from others, the collective and society. Self-esteem is the emotional experience when individuals evaluate themselves positively. In daily life, we should take part in more social practice activities, give full play to our values and abilities in specific activities, and satisfy our self-esteem. You can choose your own ability to participate in activities, set a practical activity goal, so as to easily achieve, establish a good self-image, gain a sense of accomplishment, produce positive emotional experience and improve self-esteem.
References:
[1] Jiang Wuqi, Historical Analysis of Self-consciousness Theory [J], Manager, 2011(1).
[2] Sun Shengtao, Lu, Self-consciousness and its research summary [J], Psychoanalysis, 2000,20 (73):17-22.
[3] Xiao, Yin Xianzuo, on the history and development of self-awareness research [J], Journal of Shaoguan University, 2002,23 (11):104-108.
[4] Nie Juan, the importance of cultivating college students' self-awareness and its strategies [J], Social Psychological Science, 20 10/0,8 (25): 32-35.
[5] Zhu Zhixian, Dictionary of Psychology [M], Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 1989.
Huang Xiting, Exploration of Time and Personality Psychology [M], Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2006.
Xiao, on the history and development of self-awareness research [J], Journal of Shaoguan University (Social Science Edition), 2002,23 (11):104-108.
Han, et al. Psychology [M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1985: 74.
Self-awareness Psychology Paper III: On the self-awareness and mental health of vocational college students [Abstract] This paper attempts to analyze the characteristics and deviations of self-awareness of vocational college students, and puts forward how to adjust the self-awareness of vocational college students to promote mental health.
[Keywords:] vocational college students' self-awareness, self-awareness characteristics, self-awareness deviation, self-awareness debugging, mental health
Among higher vocational students, we will find that some students are unhappy because their looks are not good enough, so they will feel ashamed and uncomfortable; We will also find that students who never care about others' evaluation of themselves, have no motivation to learn, and think they will come to higher vocational colleges? Muddle along? Don't take the study task to heart at all. These are all manifestations of too strong or too weak self-awareness.
Self-awareness is an important part of healthy personality, and the perfection and development of self-awareness can make higher vocational students have healthy personality. Undoubtedly, a healthy personality is the key to the mental health of vocational college students. Therefore, it is very important for higher vocational students to understand the characteristics and deviations of their self-awareness development and master the methods of debugging self-awareness.
Self-awareness refers to the individual's understanding, experience and desire for his various physical and mental states and the relationship between himself and his surroundings. We can also call it self.
It is not difficult to see that self can be divided into physical self, psychological self and social self, while knowledge, experience and desire can be understood as self-knowledge, self-experience and self-regulation.
A vocational college student, aware of his infirmity, felt distressed, so he had the desire to participate in physical exercise to improve his health. Students in a vocational college realize that they have good social skills and outstanding eloquence, and accordingly they have a feeling of self-confidence, which further strengthens their desire to focus on cultivating their two abilities and engage in sales work after graduation. A vocational college student insisted on giving his seat to the old man on the bus. He was proud of his spirit of helping others, and then he sprouted the desire to pass on the positive energy of society. These are the embodiment of higher vocational students' self-awareness.
Hugo said; ? As long as the purpose is just, even on the rickety road, the pace is firm. ? Therefore, self-awareness is the driving force of all activities of higher vocational students, which can help them set goals and play a dynamic role. At the same time, self-awareness can make people constantly reflect and reflect. Therefore, self-awareness has the functions of navigation, self-control and introspection.
Next, I start with the characteristics and deviations of higher vocational students' self-awareness, and analyze how higher vocational students adjust their self-awareness to promote mental health.
First, the characteristics of vocational students' self-awareness
1. Self-consciousness-objectivity, reality and consciousness
With the maturity of physiology, vocational college students are not divorced from reality in self-knowledge, and can consciously evaluate and design themselves according to social requirements. Moreover, the continuous integrity and enrichment of knowledge and social life experience make vocational college students' self-awareness more objective, basically consistent with the outside world, and versatile when something goes wrong? Think twice before you act? .
For example, the ideal salary of higher vocational college students in previous years has been roughly in line with reality in the past two years.
2. Self-experience-intense, sensitive and rich
All kinds of events in social life will trigger emotions. Higher vocational college students attach strong and sensitive importance to their own image in the eyes of others. Even a trivial matter and an evaluation will make their emotions stir up waves, which will be difficult to calm down for a long time. The colorful life in higher vocational colleges also enriches their self-experiences, such as self-pity and self-pity, which are vividly manifested in various learning and life events faced by higher vocational students. Because the emotions of vocational college students are rich in diversity, impulsiveness and fluctuation, the self-experience of vocational college students will naturally be strong, sensitive and rich.
3. Self-regulation-positive, proactive and lasting
This is one of the important signs of higher vocational students' self-awareness.
Higher vocational students have been able to actively and effectively regulate their words and deeds according to the standard requirements for a long time, so as to realize their ideal self. While demanding independence, they also oppose conformism, like to accept new ideas with new thinking, and are willing to communicate with others to improve their comprehensive quality and ability.
In addition, vocational college students are particularly concerned about their own development prospects. They will think about the meaning of their existence and life, and they will also think about such things as? What kind of person will I be? Social problems, etc. And the attention to international, domestic, social and campus also makes it constantly correct itself.
Second, the deviation of vocational students' self-awareness
1. Excessive self-esteem, self-confidence and inferiority.
Excessive self-esteem is vanity, excessive self-confidence is conceit, and excessive inferiority is self-denial or self-destruction.
Some higher vocational students are afraid of being laughed at by their classmates because of their poor family circumstances. They have no estimate of their own economic conditions, blindly compare with others, have a psychological breakdown, and some even embark on the road of crime. And the strong vanity also makes those higher vocational students with excessive inferiority fall into self-denial and self-destruction? Strange circle? , leading to a vicious circle. On the contrary, over-confident vocational college students are often arrogant, arrogant and psychologically unbalanced.
? Three self? Psychology reflects the importance of higher vocational students' outlook on life, values and world outlook.
2. Egocentricity
There are many self-centered students in higher vocational colleges. They do everything from. Me? Words, only pay attention to the pursuit and realization of personal value, and social significance. Selfishness makes these higher vocational students talk about everything. Once things don't achieve their expected results, they will be emotional, extreme and negative, which will eventually lead to psychological problems and mental illness. As the British philosopher Russell said: A person is unhappy because he cares too much about himself. ?
What should higher vocational students know? Give someone a rose and leave a fragrance in your hand? And then what? Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you? The truth. This is also an important part for higher vocational students to learn to be human.
3. The polarization tendency is prominent.
Because the thoughts of vocational college students are not completely mature and stable, and their emotions are volatile, explosive and easy to change, we often find that their complacency, disheartening and other emotions will show a prominent polarization tendency at any time.
To sum up, we can consider debugging the self-awareness of higher vocational students from three aspects: self-knowledge, self-experience and self-adjustment.
Third, vocational students' self-awareness debugging
1. Self-knowledge-a dialectical, objective and pluralistic perspective
A correct understanding of self is the premise and foundation of debugging self-awareness.
First of all, compare yourself with each other to see if you have made progress. For a vocational college student who is not very good at a certain subject, he can rise from 60 to 70, which is a qualitative leap. There is absolutely no need to force him to reach 90 points in the subject in a short time. Secondly, compare with others. Some vocational college students don't mind the idea that they don't study. Then we should compare with the students around us, realize the importance of learning, and strengthen learning under the leadership of students who love learning. Finally, we should reflect on ourselves. ? I have three provinces a day? . Higher vocational students should dare to criticize themselves and educate themselves at any time. Through the above methods, we can know ourselves dialectically, objectively and diversely.
2. Experience yourself-peace, optimism and self-confidence.
Higher vocational students should treat the surrounding environment, people and things with a peaceful attitude. Short feet, long inches? Develop strengths and avoid weaknesses. In the face of difficulties, setbacks and failures, I can respond optimistically and confidently, adjust my mentality and behavior at any time, solve problems in a more rational and effective way I find, and consolidate my ability to resist setbacks. In fact, frustration itself is a personality trait? Touchstone? It can help vocational college students find their own personality weaknesses and improve themselves better. Higher vocational students should cultivate good emotions, adjust bad emotions and be the masters of emotions.
3. Self-regulation-initiative, timeliness, timeliness and correction
Self-regulation is the most fundamental way to shape, perfect and surpass oneself.
With indomitable good character and indomitable will, higher vocational students should establish their ideal selves and build their realistic selves in a down-to-earth manner. They should also actively and timely understand the national conditions and society, think about life, participate in social practice, set goals and examples, and correct them in time in the process of putting them into practice.
In short, higher vocational students constantly correct the deviation of self-awareness and make correct debugging according to the characteristics of their own self-awareness. I believe that with the high-quality development of self-awareness, they will have an increasingly sound personality, which will also make higher vocational students have a healthier psychology.
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