Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, followed his father, Li Yuan, bravely resisted Sui Dynasty, lived frugally and made great achievements. In 627 AD, Li Shimin acceded to the throne and changed his chastity. In the early years of Zhenguan, he learned the lessons of Yang Di's downfall, further maintained a frugal and cautious style, and implemented many policies that were beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood. After more than ten years of governance, the economy has developed and people's lives have become richer. Coupled with the consolidation of border defense, there was nothing inside and outside, and Emperor Taizong gradually became arrogant and forgot his roots, overhauled temples and palaces, extensively searched for treasures, and traveled around, wasting people's money. Wei Zhi is very worried about this. He clearly saw that there was a crisis behind the prosperity. In the 11th year of Zhenguan (637), from March to July, "four sparse points, diligence reflects gains and losses", and "On Ten Sparse Points by Emperor Taizong" is the second sparse point, so it is also called "the second sparse point of current politics". As soon as Emperor Taizong saw it, he became alert and wrote "a letter to Wei Zhi", indicating that he had changed from remonstrance. This article was put on the desk by Taizong and regarded as the motto. In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, Wei Zhi gradually reached ten, pointing out that the ten aspects of Emperor Taizong's behavior were not as cautious as in the early days, which was written on the screen by Emperor Taizong.

Introduction:

Ten Thoughts on Emperor Taizong is a memorial written by Wei Zhi to Emperor Taizong in the 11th year of Zhenguan (637). It is intended to exhort Emperor Taizong to be prepared for danger in times of peace, abstain from extravagance and thrift, and accumulate virtue and justice. Li Shimin, the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was one of the most successful enlightened monarchs in the history of China. During his reign, the political situation was stable and prosperous, which was called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. "Ten thoughts" is the main content of memorial, that is, ten situations worth pondering. "Shu", that is, "playing Shu", is a kind of speech style of ancient courtiers to the monarch's deliberation, which belongs to argumentative writing.

Original text:

When I hear the elders asking for wood, I will consolidate their roots; Those who want to flow far away will dig their springs; A man who considers national security will accumulate his morality. If the source is not deep, don't expect to flow far. Why ask the length of wood when the roots are not solid? If virtue is not thick, I want to govern the country. Although I am stupid, I know what I can't do, but it is wise to assess the situation! When a person is an artifact, he is a big territory, he will worship the rigor of the sky and always guard the boundless rest. Don't think about being prepared for danger in times of peace, abstain from extravagance and thrift, virtue is not thick, and feelings are not desirable. Si also cut the roots to make the wood prosperous, and the source of the plug wants to flow to the old. Ten thoughts on admonishing Taizong

Every hundred heads of state, bearing the fate of heaven and scenery, are worried and talk about it, and they are successful and morally declining. Everything that has a good beginning is complicated, and everything that can be overcome is few. Is it difficult to take away the easy things and keep them? In the past, this was more than enough, but today it is not enough. Why? My husband treats him wholeheartedly when he is worried, and indulges in pride when he succeeds. The five mountains wholeheartedly are an organic whole, while the proud things are connected by flesh and blood. Although Dong Zhi was angered by severe punishment, he finally avoided it mercilessly, with a respectful face but unconvinced. Resentment is not big, very awesome; You should be careful when transporting a boat and capsizing it. How can the car be dying?

If you are a gentleman, if you can see and have desires, you will think that you are satisfied with self-discipline; If you can do something, you will think that Zhi Zhi will help others; If you are worried about the high risk, you will think that you are modest and eager to graze yourself; Afraid of flooding, I think I am under the river, and all rivers flow; If you are worried about slacking off, you will think you are cautious and respectful; If you care about covering up, you will think you are humble and willing to accept it; If you want to exorcise evil spirits, you will think that you are decent and grateful. To sum up, these ten thoughts, macro-nine virtues, simple and capable, follow the good deeds. Then the wise do their best, the brave do their best, the benevolent sow their benefits, and the believers serve their loyalty. In the civil-military dispute, the monarch and the minister have nothing to do, so they can travel to Henan as much as possible, support Joe's life, and play the piano without saying anything. Why bother to think hard, take over the responsibility, serve the eyes and ears of wisdom, and lose the way of inaction!

Appreciate:

At the beginning of the article, the author uses metaphor. The author first points out that "the elders who seek wood must consolidate their roots;" Those who want to travel far will dig their springs, which leads to "those who think about the security of the country will accumulate their morality." The author first sets up these two vivid and philosophical metaphors, and then leads to his real intention. The application of this technology is very convincing. If the author does not use this vivid metaphor at first, but simply tells abstract truth, it will be difficult to attract and convince the other party. The author uses metaphors well, and the good ones are "cleverness", "vulgarity" and "cutting". The use of metaphor makes abstract truth visual and concrete, and makes profound problems popular. This is what Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long: "Clever metaphor and wise reason". Metaphor should not only be clever, but also simple and popular. Trees and rivers can be seen everywhere and everyone is familiar with them. The truth is also a popular thing that everyone knows, and it is not difficult to understand. Liu Xie said in Bi Xing: "Although metaphor is complicated, incisiveness is the most important". The use of "cut" in metaphor in this paper actually means that metaphor should be consistent with the original intention, grasp the key points and choose the most concentrated, profound and wonderful metaphor to express the original intention. It is simple and natural for the author to introduce the country's major policies with his familiar trees and springs and these trivial things.

After using metaphor, the author uses three "no" compound sentence to illustrate the problem from the opposite side. "The source is not deep and flows far. If the root is not solid, the wood is long. If morality is not thick, the country will be safe. " This further emphasizes the author's political intention. The author uses sharp words and counterattacks to stimulate the other side. The author points out that the metaphors and narratives he quoted are truths that even stupid people like himself know, not to mention a wise and wise emperor. Then the author clearly pointed out to Emperor Taizong that the emperor, as the king of a country, has a great responsibility, so he should be prepared for danger in times of peace, avoid extravagance and waste as much as possible, and advocate thrift. Otherwise, you will do something stupid to cut off the roots and seek prosperity, blocking the water and looking forward to the long-term flow. Here, the structure of the article is interlocking, which fully expresses the original intention of the author's exhortation and irony.

Then the author pointed out to Emperor Taizong that most kings in history were conscientious when they started their businesses, but not many of them did well from beginning to end. The author uses a rhetorical question here to illustrate the truth that "starting a business is easy, but it is difficult to keep it". At the same time, the author clearly warned Tang Taizong not to be sincere to others in times of danger, but to indulge his arrogance when he succeeded. And pointed out that if you treat others with sincerity, your enemies will unite as a whole; Arrogant to others, even relatives will betray others. Using high pressure to muzzle the people and using power to rule them will cause them to be far away from you, seemingly obedient, but actually disgusted. The author points out here that people who are angered are very terrible. And once again use a vivid metaphor to illustrate the dialectical relationship between the emperor and the people. The author compares the people to water and the emperor to a ship. Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it. This metaphor is concise and vivid, which directly and clearly shows the interests of Emperor Taizong. In order to persuade Taizong to "be prepared for danger in times of peace, abstain from extravagance and frugality" and not to "be arrogant and extravagant." Combined with concrete examples, this is a wonderful metaphor for the police and a statement of interests. Quoting the wise sayings of ancient sages, such as "resentment is not great, people are to be feared" and "carrying a boat can also overturn it", the philosophy is incisive, repeatedly expounded, patiently persuaded, the words are tactfully moving, and the intentions are not bad.

When the truth was exhausted, the author made ten suggestions to Emperor Taizong. "Ten thoughts" is the specific content of "those who think about the security of the country must accumulate virtue and righteousness". Put forward and analyze the problems in front, and then put forward suggestions on how to solve them. It makes the article echo before and after, and the full text forms a well-structured unity. The core of "Ten Minds" is humility and self-grazing, humility and acceptance, caution and respect for the end, simplicity of action and good advice. Ten Thoughts have different angles, but they all run through the main line of "accumulating virtue and benevolence". The author warned Tang Taizong that "it is better than ten thoughts and nine virtues", which will achieve the goal of "combining civil and military, bowing to the rule" in the world. As long as you achieve this "ten thoughts", you don't have to bother yourself to exercise your power, not a hundred officials.

The whole article revolves around "those who think about the security of the country must accumulate their virtues and righteousness." Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and the conclusion that a monarch must "be prepared for danger in times of peace, abstain from extravagance and save money" is put forward. Then remind Emperor Taizong that a king who keeps his word is easy to lose people's hearts. Because it is easy to be "single-minded" when you are "worried"; However, when you succeed, you will "indulge in pride" and you will be in danger of capsizing. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward "ten thoughts" to "accumulate virtue and benevolence" Emphatically advised Taizong that material enjoyment should be moderate, cultivation should be "modest" and employment should be "modest", and personal grievances should not be taken into account when implementing the legal system. Finally, it is concluded that the key to the method of governing the country lies in knowing people and being good at their duties, selecting talents, and achieving the ideal state of "ruling by hanging over the arch". The author's viewpoint was adopted by Emperor Taizong, which contributed to the achievement of "Zhenguan rule" in the Tang Dynasty. The whole article takes the word "thinking" as the clue that runs through the writing, and the context is clear and coherent. In this thesis, metaphor is used to make the truth vivid; Moreover, the use of parallelism and antithesis, neat sentences and full of gas field.