According to the national standard of academic papers, papers can be roughly divided into experimental papers, reportage papers, theoretical papers and summary papers. The general requirements of theoretical papers are as follows:

1, topic selection: The topic selection should be combined with work and have research value. Must be a true proposition, not a false proposition. There are two main standards to measure the value of research, one is theoretical blank, and the other is practical difficulty.

2. Title: The National Academic Degrees Office expressly stipulates that it is basically controlled within 20 words, and it is best not to have "-".

3. The structure of the full text consists of five parts, namely, abstract, introduction, text, conclusion and references.

4. Content and method of writing abstract.

Abstract writing content. In order to condense the full text of the paper, its writing content is mainly the research purpose, methods (principles, theories, conditions, materials, technical means and procedures, etc. ), results and conclusions.

② The writing method of abstract. According to the author's intention, there are different writing methods, but all of them reflect the main content of the paper, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. The abstract is a complete essay and can be used independently. Generally write in the third person tone, and avoid using "this article", "we" and "this research" as the beginning of the abstract.

5. The writing content and writing method of the introduction As the beginning of the paper, the introduction plays a procedural role and mainly answers the question of "why study". Firstly, it puts forward questions, mainly introduces the research background, purpose and scope of the paper, and briefly explains the significance of the research topic; Second, the achievements made at home and abroad and their evaluation, development status (literature review, indicating references) and existing problems; Thirdly, the research idea of this paper; Fourthly, the innovation and difficulty of this paper.

6. The writing of the text can be roughly divided into three parts: what, why and how, which require prominent theme, clear concept, reasonable level, combination of argument and paper, symmetrical and complete structure and no language errors. The word count is about 5000 words.

7. Conclusion

Conclusion is also called conclusion and conclusion. This is the conclusion of the whole paper.

(1) New discoveries of research results, regular things, theory of solution or perfection, and scope of application;

(2) What tests have been made on the previous theories on this issue, which are consistent with the results of this study, which are inconsistent, and what amendments, supplements, developments or negatives have been made;

③ The unsolved problems in this study and the ideas or suggestions for future research. Among them, point 1 is necessary, and points 2 and 3 depend on the specific content (or specific research object) of the paper.

8. Reference

(1) References are required to quote the most important documents read by the author himself, including published publications, patents and other related files. Internal handouts and unpublished works are not suitable for reference. The references used are coded in sequence and marked in this paper. The description format of common documents is as follows.

Monograph: [serial number] author. Title [M] Name of publishing city: publishing unit, year of publication. (Starting and ending page numbers).

Question: [serial number] author. Title, year of publication, volume (issue): page number.

Dissertation: [serial number] author. Title [D] Save city name: save unit (department level) and year.

Essays: [serial number] author. Title [A]. Collection name [C]. Name of publishing city: publishing unit, year of publication. (Starting and ending page numbers).

Sedimentation literature in the paper collection: [serial number] Principal responsible person of sedimentation literature. Abbreviate the title of the document to [A]. Principal responsible person of the original document (optional). Title of original file [C]. Name of publishing city: publishing unit, year of publication. (Starting and ending page numbers).

Electronic document: [serial number] Principal. Title of electronic document [identification and carrier type of electronic document]. Source or available address, date of publication or update/date of reference of the electronic document (optional).

Calibration: [serial number] standard number, standard name.

9. The standard of excellent papers is whether there is innovation, or whether the topic is innovative, whether the viewpoint is innovative, and whether the materials are innovative.