It is a brief summary of the important contents of the paper, and its function is to obtain the necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. When a periodical invites a reviewer, it usually chooses to send the abstract to the reviewer to see if they are interested. At this stage, the reviewers have a first impression of the article. If the abstract is not well written, it may directly affect his judgment on the whole article. At the same time, when reviewing the manuscript, you will also choose to read the abstract and introduction first. At the same time, the readership of the abstract is much larger than that of the full text. Many electronic journal databases only provide free abstracts, and readers should judge whether they need to continue reading the full text according to the abstracts. Therefore, how to write a good abstract of a paper is very important.

When writing an article, you can write an abstract first, and then modify it after the full text is written. It is better to put it at the end. Structurally, the abstract consists of four parts: purpose, method, result and conclusion, which are generally not segmented, annotated or self-evaluated. The language should be concise and clear, and the number of words should be controlled at about 200 substantive words.

Writing can also be written in this mode: first, summarize the content of the paper in one sentence (this paper is … or this study focuses on …). Then, put forward the purpose of the research in the form of infinitive (to identify ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… The third sentence is about the research method (we adopted ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Finally, the conclusions are listed one by one (this experiment indicates … or the results of this work imply …).

English abstract tense is best to be concise, because it describes the completed work, so it is often used in general present tense and general past tense. At present, there are different views on the use of person and voice. Traditionally, the writing of scientific papers must use the third person and passive voice. But the active voice and the first person are also widely used in many journals. The reason is that many researchers think that the expression of active voice is clearer and more concise. So you can do a small survey before writing to see the usage habits of the target journals.