I. Topic: Sino-British Opium War II. H teaching objective: 1. Educational objectives: basic knowledge: Britain launched the opium war against China; The heroic resistance of China's soldiers and civilians and the compromise and surrender of the Qing government: the main contents of treaty of nanking and its annexes; The signing of Sino-American Wang Xia Treaty and Sino-French Huangpu Treaty; The influence of the opium war. Ability training: (1) By discussing the reasons for China's defeat in the Opium War, cultivate students' ability to analyze problems from the perspective of historical materialism. (2) Why is the Opium War a turning point in China's history and the beginning of China's modern history? Problem discussion cultivates students' ability to analyze and synthesize problems. 2. Educational goal: (1) The Opium War was an unjust war launched by Britain to invade China for a long time. China's soldiers and civilians rose up against Britain, showing the heroic spirit and strong patriotism of the people of China who dared to resist aggression. The Qing government compromised and humiliated the country, further exposing the corruption of feudal rulers. (2) The Opium War opened the door to China. The signing of unequal treaties such as the treaty of nanking between China and Britain undermined China's sovereignty, and China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Opium War was the beginning of China's modern history. 3. Development goal: (1) Through the elaboration and analysis of the root causes of the Opium War, students are guided to analyze historical events under specific historical conditions, so as to initially apply the viewpoints of "seeing the essence through phenomena" and "the inevitability of historical development is expressed through contingency" to cultivate students' ability to dialectically observe and analyze problems. (2) To cultivate students' ability to reveal the essence of historical phenomena and understand the historical turning point of China by analyzing the Chinese and English treaty of nanking and its influence. Third, the basic idea of using teaching materials and teaching methods: Teachers should make full use of audio-visual materials according to students' knowledge level, age characteristics and the actual situation of textbook content, ask thoughtful questions, mobilize students' various senses, and let students learn textbooks and background materials of the Opium War by their own brains and actively participate in learning. Through group teaching, students are induced to cooperate with each other through teacher-student cooperation (guidance) and student-student cooperation (discussion), so that every student has an equal opportunity to participate and express his opinions, which embodies the innovative teaching principle of all-round participation. 4. Teaching emphases and difficulties: Emphasis: the causes and nature of the outbreak of the Opium War; Difficulties in the influence of the Opium War: the influence of the Opium War V. Teaching equipment: multimedia VI. Teaching methods: discussion method, conversation method and situational material teaching method. Teaching process: Examining questions and introducing new lessons: Teacher: If you go to Tiananmen Square in Beijing, you will find that the first giant relief standing on the square is an exciting scene in Humen Massacre. The reason why it is placed in such an important position is that it has a special position in the modern history of China. Who will analyze the significance of destroying opium in Humen? Health: omitted. Teacher: The destruction of opium in Humen is a great starting point of the people's anti-aggression struggle in modern China, and a just move of the people of China to resist foreign aggression. However, when the news of the ban on smoking in China reached Britain, Britain used it as an excuse to launch the war of aggression against China, which was the first contest between the Qing government and western capitalist countries-the Sino-British Opium War. Teaching a new lesson: Lesson 6 Sino-British Opium War (Courseware) Teacher: Someone once said: "In the history of China, Britain would not have launched the war of aggression against China without Lin Zexu's ban on smoking." Do you think it is correct? Why? Please watch a video and think about it at the same time. (Show a comparison between China and Britain before the war of China Modern Tales) (Brief Discussion) Health: This view is wrong. Because Britain launched the war of aggression against China in order to open the China market, dump goods to China and plunder raw materials, and the anti-smoking campaign was just an excuse for them. Health: Even if there is no anti-smoking campaign, Britain will still launch a war of aggression against China ... Teacher: Good. This shows that the outbreak of the Opium War is inevitable or accidental. Health: Of course. Teacher: Yes. At that time, even if there was no anti-smoking movement, Britain would find other excuses to launch this war. What can be seen from this is the cause and nature of this war? (Courseware) The Root Cause of Dumping Commodities-The Inevitable Cause of Plundering Raw Materials-The Anti-smoking Movement-Contingency English: The long-planned nature of the unjust war of aggression against China: the just fighter of the war against aggression: What kind of historical materialism does this place embody? Health: inevitability determines contingency and shows it through contingency. Teacher: War broke out. What is its process and result? Please read the first paragraph of the textbook P32 —P36 and think: 1. What were the main battles in the Opium War? How many times did the army resist Japan, and how many times did the people spontaneously resist Britain? What are their similarities and differences? 2. What was the attitude of the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty who held the leadership of the war during the war? What was the result of the Opium War? What is the root cause of this result? Army War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression experienced the spontaneous struggle of the people (courseware showed self-study tips) and the Qing government (suggestion: this department belongs to the process of war, and can teach itself to students, with the focus on summing up the essence of things and analyzing the reasons for the failure of the war. ) teacher: now let's exchange the results of self-study Let's first look at the army's struggle against Britain. Health: The army's struggle against Britain mainly includes Humen Campaign, Dinghai Campaign, Wusong Campaign and Zhenjiang Campaign. Teacher: How many times have people spontaneously rebelled against Britain? Health: The people in Sanyuanli are anti-British, and the Blackwater Party in Ningbo is anti-British. Teacher: What heroes emerged in the war? What excellent qualities can you learn from them? Health: Guan Tianpei, Chen Huacheng, Ge, etc. Health: These characters fought bravely against the enemy when the country was in danger and dealt a heavy blow to the invading army. Their heroism is worth learning. Health: These characters all died for their country, and their patriotism is worth learning. Student: ... Teacher: Every man of insight will bravely serve the country when it is in danger. As can be seen from the discussion just now, what were the characteristics of * * * at that time, whether it was the anti-British struggle of the army or the spontaneous struggle of the people? Health: Heroic resistance. (Courseware) Teacher: Meanwhile, what is the attitude of the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty who mastered the leadership of the war? Student: War and uncertainty ... Student: Compromise and surrender ... Teacher: From this, it is not difficult for us to imagine the end of the war. Health: China failed. Teacher: What is the root cause of failure? Health: corruption under the Qing government, compromise and surrender. (Suggestion: Complete the following contents on the blackboard while communicating) After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people spontaneously rebelled against the Qing government, compromised and surrendered, and the result of corruption: China was defeated. It was precisely because of the corruption and compromise of the Qing government that it was impossible to organize effective and consistent resistance throughout the war, which made the heroic resistance of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians in some areas unable to change the outcome of their failure. China did not perish, but it was the result of the heroic resistance of the broad masses of people. Therefore, the whole modern history of China is not only a history of foreign powers invading China, but also a history of China people's indomitable resistance and exploration. China was defeated in the Opium War, and Britain finally put forward their conditions by victory, forcing the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties. Let's watch a video and think about the following questions: 1. What unequal treaties was the Qing government forced to sign? 2. What sovereignty did China lose through these unequal treaties? Through what content is it reflected? (Play a modern story from "1August 29th, 842 ..." in China. Teacher: What's the first thing you want to say after watching the video? Health: I'm very angry ... Health: I'm going to kill the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and the people who signed the contract ... Teacher: OK! Let's look at the beginning of this century-old shame with this anger. (Courseware) Content loses sovereignty. In the annexes of treaty of nanking and treaty of nanking, foreign warships and merchant ships of China and the United States can sail freely in coastal ports. (Suggestion: The above contents should be completed by students after discussion, and the influence on China society should be analyzed one by one. In order to clarify students' vague understanding and make it easier for them to understand the problem, the two concepts of "Hong Kong Island" and one-sided MFN treatment are emphasized, so that students can really understand why the United States and France can pass. ) Teacher: From the above analysis, we can see that the Opium War had a profound impact on China society, both in the political and economic fields. Please discuss and complete the table below. The influence of the Opium War (courseware) The feudal country with independent social nature gradually became the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation. The contradiction between feudalism and the masses of the people, the revolutionary task, the peasant class opposes feudalism, aggression and revolution; The peasants' struggle against feudalism and feudalism during the old democratic revolution (the above table is completed by students' discussion, and the changes before and after the war are completed by students independently) Teacher: Think about it. Is the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class in the table the same as the contradiction between feudalism and the masses? Student: (Discussion) No teacher: Yes, the former is only an important part of the latter, which can be gradually contacted in our future study. From the analysis, we can see that the Opium War brought profound disasters to China society, but did it have any positive effects? Student: (Everyone has his own opinion) Yes, it broke China's closed-door policy and was beneficial to the development of China. Health: It began to open up China ... Health: It will accelerate the demise of the Qing government ... Health: It will begin to disintegrate China's self-sufficient natural economy ... Teacher: Your analysis is reasonable, but are these positive effects what Britain wants to bring to China? Health: No, it is brought objectively. Teacher: Because of these great changes, the Opium War has a special position in the history of China. What kind of position? Health: The Opium War was a turning point in the history of China and the beginning of the modern history of China. Teacher: Please discuss "Why is the Opium War a turning point in China's history and the beginning of China's modern history?" Student: (Discuss and communicate) ... Teacher: About the influence of the Opium War, someone said: (Courseware) Some people think: "The Opium War is carrying out a historical mission, and it uses aggression to achieve the goal of opening up China. In a sense, it was a cannon of the Opium War that brought modern civilization to China. " Do you think this view is correct? Why? Student: Discuss and communicate ..... (The practice of this topic focuses on cultivating students' ability to distinguish between subjective and objective, and to see the essence through phenomena) Class summary: (Courseware) The turning point of the Sino-British Opium War began (Let students summarize the content of this lesson according to the summary diagram, and also let students design their own knowledge clues to cultivate students' hands-on and brain-thinking ability) Small topic: The formation and solution of the Hong Kong problem (Courseware) Q: (6544) (2) What can we get from this problem? As what inspiration can we get from it? Students are familiar with the return of Hong Kong, so they can do comprehensive exercises here to highlight its role as a history class. Homework: (Courseware) What inspiration did you get from this lesson? As a middle school student in 2 1 century, what are you going to do in the face of hegemonism of some big countries? Try to write a short essay of about 150 words with the theme of "learning from history".