The emphasis is on papers and monographs. It should be said that the difference between a paper and a monograph is not the size of the paper, not that the paper is smaller, but that the monograph is bigger. The difference between the two is mainly in structure, content and nature. A paper is an exposition of a topic and a kind of problem thinking: thinking about a specific problem and writing the thinking results into a paper. Monograph is a special discussion and a systematic thinking. The thesis should determine the argument, put forward the argument, and start the argument from it. The monograph is a systematic description of a certain theme, which is widely spread and deeply discussed. Therefore, the depth and breadth of monographs obviously exceed that of papers.

The problem now is that, unlike papers and monographs, papers lack their character and quality. Papers such as monographs, monographs such as textbooks. For example, dissertations, including master's dissertations and doctoral dissertations, should be a kind of essay style and should have the characteristics of essays. Even a doctoral thesis with hundreds of thousands of words or even hundreds of thousands of words should have the nature of a thesis. But now the master's thesis is like a summary, while the doctoral thesis is like a monograph, even like a textbook, which does not meet the requirements of the thesis. All these problems show that there are still some deviations in our grasp of academic carriers such as papers, monographs and teaching materials. Of course, there are also some monographs that are collections of papers, that is to say, the papers are published first and then compiled into monographs. This kind of monograph means that each part has reached the level of a paper, and ten chapters of a monograph are equivalent to ten papers. The academic quality of such a monograph is certainly higher than that of ordinary monographs.

Not every part of a general monograph can be published. A considerable part of it is combing or summarizing the data, or an evolutionary narrative of the theme, but it does not reach the level of the paper. As far as this part of the content is concerned, the value of information is greater than opinions, and it is impossible to publish it independently as a paper in a journal. Generally speaking, this kind of moisture in monographs may be more, which is also the reason for the low academic evaluation of general monographs. However, the academic content of papers is relatively high, and the academic evaluation of papers and monographs varies from unit to unit. Some units pay more attention to papers and regard the number of published papers as the main criterion for academic evaluation. Some units also pay attention to monographs, which is the main criterion of academic evaluation. And Peking University may belong to the first case, and put the paper in a more important position. Awards will also have such problems. Some awards focus on papers, while others focus on monographs.