Keywords integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gradually applied by human beings in their long-term production and life practice, and develops with the development of TCM. Western medicine is formed on the basis of the development of modern chemical knowledge in recent three or four hundred years, and has become the leading trend in the field of pharmacy in the world today. Chinese medicine and western medicine are both scientific, and the purpose of medicine is to cure diseases and save lives. For the same purpose, Chinese and western medicine can learn from each other and learn from each other. Exploring this problem may be instructive to the development of traditional Chinese and western medicine.
1 theoretical system
Traditional Chinese medicine has formed a unique theoretical system in the application process, such as "four qi and five flavors", "ups and downs" and "meridian tropism". Its application is based on the theory of zang-xiang, etiology and pathogenesis, "four diagnoses and eight outlines" and "treatment principle and treatment method", and the principle of "monarch, minister and assistant" is adopted to select appropriate drugs. With the development of modern science and technology, new theories of processing, processing and identification of traditional Chinese medicine have emerged. Western medicine also has theories such as synthesis, preparation, analysis, molecular structure and drug effect, but it is not as complete as traditional Chinese medicine. It is necessary to develop new theories to better guide practice. Similarly, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine should be analyzed with modern science and technology to better guide the research of traditional Chinese medicine.
2 Research process
Traditional Chinese medicine is produced on a large number of clinical bases, and practice precedes theory. Western medicine is used in clinic on the basis of a large number of animal experiments, and theory precedes practice. It seems the opposite, but it all makes sense. Traditional Chinese medicine can learn from the research process of western medicine in the research and development of some toxic and dramatic drugs, and carry out animal experiments first to avoid the danger caused by blind use; Western medicine will also find new functions in the long-term application process, so there are "old drugs for new use", such as aspirin for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
3 source
Traditional Chinese medicine comes from plants, animals, minerals and so on. In the long history, it has continuously absorbed foreign cultures to enrich and develop itself. Many exotic plants such as frankincense, American ginseng and senna have become important Chinese medicines. Western medicine draws lessons from Chinese medicine, which shows that many western medicines come from Chinese medicine, such as ephedrine, artemisinin and paclitaxel. According to statistics, 44% of the 522 new drugs produced and marketed in the world from 1983 to 1994 came from natural drugs such as traditional Chinese medicine, or synthetic or semi-synthetic products based on natural drugs. Especially in the research and development of anti-cancer and anti-infective drugs, traditional Chinese medicine and other natural drugs play an important role. Of the 3 1 new anticancer drugs approved by FDA from 1984 to 1995, 6 1% came from natural drugs such as traditional Chinese medicine. American scientists use plants to secrete drugs, or use transgenic animals to produce protein needed by human beings, which reminds people that Chinese medicine itself comes from plants or animals. For example, bezoar is the gallstone of cattle, and pearls are stimulated to form the inner membrane of mussel shells, which coincides with the frontier achievements of modern western medicine research. Maybe we can get inspiration from Chinese medicine, so as to better develop western medicine.
4 preparation
In order to facilitate the use and improve the curative effect, ancient doctors made Chinese medicine into pills, powders, ointments and pills. In recent decades, the methods of using modern western medicine technology to study traditional Chinese medicine have advanced by leaps and bounds, such as biochemical extraction and efficient separation technology. And the dosage forms have been extended to tablets, capsules, injections and so on. The processing mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine was also deeply studied. Many Chinese patent medicines also introduce western medicine quality standards, some qualitative and some quantitative, which play a great role in quality control and market regulation of Chinese patent medicines. Science permeates each other, and western medicine is more or less inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine pill "Sangaodan" in the process of developing dosage forms. Up to today, both Chinese and western medicine have this ointment form, so Chinese and western medicine learn from each other and develop together in the preparation process.
5 in terms of curative effect
In order to achieve the same rapid and good effect as western medicine, it is necessary to reform the dosage form. The study of Chinese medicine emergency is to learn from western medicine, such as changing antihypertensive drugs into injections and changing capsules for treating angina pectoris into dripping pills. On the other hand, traditional Chinese medicine has mild curative effect and lasting effect, and is unique in treating some chronic diseases. Some scholars have confirmed that the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine is better than that of western medicine for 46 diseases such as climacteric syndrome, obesity, diabetes, bronchial asthma, cataract and neuralgia. These diseases are constantly being studied at home and abroad, hoping to make a breakthrough by using Chinese medicine. Western medicine also uses modern science and technology to develop controlled-release preparations and sustained-release preparations in order to achieve the purpose of mild curative effect and lasting effect.
6 toxic and side effects
The side effects of traditional Chinese medicine are generally very small, which is talked about by Chinese people. On the contrary, with the improvement of people's requirements for quality of life, the toxic and side effects of western medicine have been paid more and more attention. For example, some time ago, drugs containing PPA (phenylpropanolamine) were completely banned, which sounded the alarm again. Western medicine has also been trying to reduce side effects. For example, many western medicines have significantly reduced side effects after structural decomposition. Western medicine also draws lessons from the principle of low composition and multi-target effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound, and chooses suitable western medicine to form compound to offset the side effects of some drugs.
In a word, Chinese medicine and western medicine can learn from each other in theoretical system, research process, source, preparation, curative effect, side effects and many other aspects. But for decades, we have been paying attention to how Chinese medicine can learn from western medicine and realize the modernization of Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine really needs to absorb more essence of modern medicine through multidisciplinary cooperation and develop to a higher level. But it is not enough for western medicine to learn Chinese medicine. Although the development of western medicine has its own requirements, no matter what method is used to achieve the purpose of better treating diseases and saving lives, it is ultimately in line with some characteristics of Chinese medicine. Chinese and western medicine will coexist for a long time, learn from each other and play their respective roles in resisting diseases.
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