"Shi Shuo" is a famous work that criticizes the current disadvantages and promotes the teacher's morality. It is a typical work in Han Yu's argumentative essays. The article criticizes the bad atmosphere of not paying attention to the teacher's way at that time, and reveals the stupidity and absurdity of the literati class with skillful artistic skills and positive and negative comparisons. The flexible and natural narration and discussion profoundly and convincingly expounded several important principles of "learning from the law". Its logic is meticulous, its structure is rigorous and its language is standardized, which has a strong guiding role for students' reading and writing. But from now on, the viewpoint of the article has obvious limitations. How to give full play to the resource advantages of this article, stimulate students' active thinking of seeking differences, and cultivate their ability of "oral speaking" and "handwriting" is a subject worthy of Chinese teachers' exploration.
Analysis of learning situation
Class 224 is a liberal arts class. Although the foundation of culture class is not very solid, students' thinking is more active. Besides, I often put "attracting their interest", "guiding their doubts", "advocating their arguments" and "promoting their thinking" throughout the whole teaching process. As long as it is properly induced, students will show unprecedented enthusiasm for inquiry. When discussing in groups, there will be a warm atmosphere of active exploration and initiative in class, and almost all students may become participants. And the happiness of "participation" will stimulate their deeper desire to explore.
Teaching idea
On Chinese teaching, Ye Lao had an incisive exposition: "It is not enough to let students understand the quality and text of textbooks." "To cultivate its automaticity in teaching, it can understand itself without the guidance of teachers." (Letters) Mr. Yang Xianjiang also believes that "automatism" should be advocated in learning: "The power of teaching is only the inducement, and the power of automation is the foundation of success." Professor Zhang Xiongfei's "induced thinking inquiry teaching theory" also takes "inducing students' thinking" as the main teaching method and "cultivating students' thinking ability" as the ultimate teaching goal. Therefore, when organizing the teaching of this course, I try to guide students to perceive and understand the main points of Han Yu's On Teachers, fully stimulate students' desire to actively explore and study, set a series of questions around the permanent topic of "teachers", and take this as an opportunity to write, so as to motivate students to "speak" and "write", boldly comment on Han Yu's theory and put forward their own opinions and opinions on "teachers".
teaching process
First, preview before class
Before class, I organize students to preview the text fully, and master the key words such as "Confusion, Chivalry, Sentence Reading, Legacy, Similarity, Prosperity, Disdain, Speciality, Restraint, Jia, Yi, Nai, Zee, Yu, Therefore" and several examples of flexible use of parts of speech (such as "I learn pottery"), so I will be ashamed to learn.
Second, the problem import
Teacher: Students, what important points did Han Yu clarify in his theory of famous teachers? Can everyone recite it?
Once the question is put forward, the students are eager to try and have entered the realm of "anger" and "depression". )
Teacher: OK, please answer in the original words.
1. What are the responsibilities of teachers?
2. Why do students learn from teachers?
3. What are the criteria and attitudes for choosing teachers?
The author quoted Confucius' words and deeds. What did he say? What's the conclusion?
Students think positively (2 minutes), then raise their hands to speak and recite the following sentences:
Blackboard writing:
Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts.
People who are not born to know, who can be confused and confused without following the teacher, are confused and finally confused.
Nothing is expensive, nothing is cheap, nothing is long, nothing is short, the Tao exists, and the teacher exists.
Disciples need not be inferior to teachers, and teachers need not be superior to disciples.
Third, guide students to contact the background of the times, the second paragraph of the article and the following materials, and use their brains to analyze the rationality and progress of the above viewpoints.
Answer to Wei Zhongli: "There is no teacher in this world; Yes, laugh at it and think it's crazy. Han Yu ignored the custom and laughed and abused alone, and learned after receiving the phone call. He wrote The Teacher's Talk and became a teacher because he resisted changing his face (correcting his appearance). Many strange people in the world gathered together to point at him and add it to the text, making him more and more famous. "
The students discuss in a low voice left and right, and then speak. )
Li Pengfei: "On Teachers" is written for the disadvantages of the times. This paper expounds the role and standard of teachers, the importance of learning from teachers and the attitude that should be adopted, and advocates that those who are capable should be teachers, not ashamed to ask questions, and learn from each other. These insights have broken through the framework of China's ancient theory of "teacher" and are of progressive significance.
Jiao Yang:
The author said: "Therefore, there is no nobility, no length, and the existence of Tao is also the existence of teachers." Teenagers and lowly people may also have a way, and people with a way, regardless of their age and rank, should be regarded as teachers. He also gave a lesson to those "gentlemen" with the example that "witch doctors are highly skilled musicians and are not ashamed to learn from others". This means that subordinates also have something to learn from their superiors. This not only broke the frame of the concept of destiny and genius, but also broke through the hierarchical prejudice of the exploiting class, which was obviously valuable in the feudal era when the family concept was particularly strong. As for him, he said, "Disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples." It is even more progressive to advocate that educators should learn from their own educational objects.
……
Fourth, guide students to question the views of the previous generation of celebrities.
Teacher: Let's take a modern look at Han Yu's viewpoint and exposition on learning from a teacher and see what limitations there are. Please discuss in groups around "teachers' responsibilities", "teachers' selection criteria" and "teacher-student relationship", and then make a typical speech and talk about your own views.
The class was divided into six groups, and the students had a heated discussion. Everyone has become a participant, and there has been an upsurge of active exploration in the classroom. )
Teacher:
The students are having such a heated discussion, so let's simply write an oral topic. The topic is:
"A good teacher in my heart" and "the most beautiful teacher-student relationship"
After listening to these, the students became more cheerful, and the group leader spoke on behalf of the group. )
He Jinda: Teaching activities should not be one-way "teaching" or "passing on" by teachers, and students should not just be passive recipients. I think a good teacher should be an advanced pianist who can play every string in the students' brains. Should be an excellent tour guide, always leading students to beautiful scenery; Should be a master of humor, always make students happy; More importantly, it should be a clock, which can always end the lecture properly when the bell rings, so that students can enjoy a ten-minute free break. "
Zhang Yan: "If teaching is to become an art, teachers should learn not to praise students deliberately, so as to stimulate students' initiative and consciousness in learning."
Li Pengfei: "Teachers should change their ideas, step out of the traditional role of teachers and become consultants and equal participants. Teachers and students should establish a "dialogue" relationship in the classroom. The relationship between teachers and students is no longer indoctrination and indoctrination, but a two-way communication relationship of equality, democracy and care. "
He Xiaodong: "Bad teachers teach the truth, and good teachers let students discover the truth". However, how to ask students to discover the truth? The question mark is a bronze whip that urges people to climb the peak of science, and inspiration is the key to guide students to study hard and think deeply. "
Jassamyn Liu:/kloc-On 0/7, Li Pan, a disciple of the poor school, said that "the six classics are all well-versed" and worshipped a famous teacher (Han Yu) as a teacher, but he did nothing all his life and "disappeared from the crowd". This fact is enough to illustrate the limitations of Han Yu's view that "he is a teacher, so he preaches, teaches and dispels doubts".
"Teaching and learning are complementary processes, and at the same time, they are the same-frequency vibrations in the thinking of teachers and students. The role of teachers should be changed from' preaching, teaching, and solving doubts' to starting thinking, inducing passion, and guiding students to consciously explore and take the initiative on the road of seeking knowledge. "
"A teacher should be like a leaf with a main vein, which is his overall teaching thought. The layers of veins on the leaf are different teaching schemes he designed for each kind of students, fully tapping the inherent potential of all kinds of students, making up for their lack of thinking mode, correcting students' mentality, and letting them truly win without arrogance and fail with grace. "
"In class, the teacher should use his wand to activate students' thinking and make them the main body of the class. "
"Teachers should be our friends. When you make a mistake, teach you seriously. Teachers should help you in life like our relatives; The teacher should be Bole, good at discovering everyone's strengths and giving encouragement and praise. "
"Don't be stingy with your words of encouragement, because it is likely to save a fallen angel from returning to heaven; Don't spread your sarcasm all over the country, because it is also likely to make a person who is working hard lose confidence. Teacher, you are sacred, but we hope you are amiable. "
"The' teacher' in' ancient scholars must have a teacher' only refers to people, and I think a teacher can be a sentence, a book, and a thing."
"'Morality without knowledge is stupid, and knowledge without morality is dangerous'. Therefore, I think it is also right to be a teacher and let students have both ability and political integrity. "
"Teachers should let students learn independently", "Teachers should teach people fish and teach us the way to survive" ...
It is really a stone that stirs up a thousand waves, effectively raises questions, and the way of group discussion activates the thinking of the whole class, and the spark of thinking shines in generate.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summarizes this lesson and assigns homework.
Teacher: Good. The students' speeches just now criticized the views of famous teachers with the courage of newborn calves who are not afraid of tigers, described the image of ideal teachers from all aspects, and expounded teachers' responsibilities and good teacher-student relations. Looks like I have to reinvent myself. After class, arrange the speech just now into a short article.
target analysis
The original intention of this course is to stimulate students to "speak", "write" and "think", boldly comment on Han's theory and put forward their own views and opinions on "teacher". In class, students give full play to their initiative and consciousness in learning, and use their brains to promote their hands and mouths, which in turn promote their brains. Some valuable views and opinions are put forward. It should be said that the predetermined goal has been basically achieved.
Reflection after class
1. As long as students are properly induced and have doubts close to life and thoughts, they will show their enthusiasm for inquiry beyond our expectations. From beginning to end, active thinking and warm emotions surged in the classroom.
2. In the process of thinking and exploring, students can maximize their existing knowledge storage and accumulation. The students skillfully quoted famous Chinese and foreign sayings in their speeches. He Jinda can use a series of metaphors to illustrate the role of "teacher".
3. The process of thinking and exploring may itself become a process for students to develop certain abilities. When demonstrating the irrationality of Han Yu's viewpoint of "learning from the teacher", Liu Jie took Li Pan, a disciple of the Han school, as saying that "the six classics are all connected" and worshipped famous teachers as teachers, but his life was mediocre. The fact that he is a "teacher, so he preaches, teaches and dispels doubts" shows the limitations of Han Yu's point of view, and subtly shows strict logical thinking inadvertently.
4. The topic composition with the theme of "Talking about Teachers" made the students say many new ideas about education and teaching, which triggered my in-depth thinking about education and teaching. Students' thinking is sometimes ahead of time.