2. Review of the history of locust control in China What kind of locust disaster is one of the major natural disasters in the history of China? In the history of Chinese people's struggle against natural disasters for thousands of years, locust plague is the most prominent problem, and its harm is more serious than flood and drought disasters.
In the past, people described the severity of the locust plague as "naked land thousands of miles away, hungry for food and carrying roads". After the founding of New China, the Party and * * * attached great importance to locust control, strengthened the organization and leadership of locust control, and invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources. With the joint efforts of * * * and the masses, the serious locust plague was quickly controlled.
From 1949 to 1959, great achievements have been made in locust control in China, and the locust plague has been basically controlled. It ended the record of two locust plagues every five years since the Song Dynasty.
After ten years of struggle against locusts, locust control workers in China have basically mastered the occurrence law of locusts and accumulated a lot of rich experience in organizational control. The occurrence density and range of locusts have been greatly reduced, which fundamentally changed the tragic scene of "covering the sun and not growing anything" during the catastrophe before the founding of New China, and the locust plague area in some areas showed a steady downward trend.
Three, several major locust plagues in the history of China, because the natural environmental conditions of locust plagues are basically the same in ancient and modern times, the locust plagues in China have not disappeared because of the development of agricultural modernization. On the contrary, as long as the conditions are right, the locust plague will come back.
For example, since the summer of 2002, locust plagues have occurred in more than 100 counties in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Tianjin, Xinjiang, etc. By the end of June, the area of locusts in agricultural and pastoral areas had reached 90 million mu.
Historical Review of the Locust Disaster Ancient books in the pre-Qin period, such as The Book of Songs, often referred to locusts as locusts (including locusts) or slugs, which are nymphs of locusts (insect larvae with incomplete metamorphosis are called nymphs). After the warring States period, it was called locust.
Locusts and slugs are both harmful to crops. The earliest record of locust plague in ancient books was recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals (594 BC) in the fifteenth year of Lu: "The first tax mu, Cordyceps sinensis.
"The earliest record of locusts is Lu Chunqiu Xia Meng Ji Si": "If you make the spring order ... then the locusts will be defeated. "There is also the same book Review Times:" ... get marijuana at the right time ... so, don't be a locust.
"The Book of Rites and the Moon Order also records that" insects and locusts are a curse ",but they are not all quoted. About after the Song Dynasty, Hong changed its name to "Hong", which has been in use ever since.
Xu Guangqi in Ming Dynasty counted the number of locust plagues in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), and pointed out that there were11in the Spring and Autumn Period in 294. The monthly distribution is as follows: month (lunar calendar) 234567891012 frequency of occurrence 2319203120/kloc-0. It shows that locusts are most rampant between April and September (lunar calendar). Xu Guangqi said: "They are the most abundant in summer and autumn, and when they grow up with Cooper, they are also positive, so they are the most harmful.
"This statistic of Xu Guangqi is very consistent with the study of locust season in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in 1920. As far as migratory locusts are concerned, May to August (Gregorian calendar) is the most critical period for locust plague. Summer locust is the most prosperous from mid-May to early July, and autumn locust is the most prosperous from the first half of August.
June and July are the locust plagues in summer and autumn. The author re-counted the locust plague registration form in the appendix of Zhou Yao's History of Entomology in China. From 707 BC (13th year of Lu Huangong) to AD 1907 (33rd year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), there were 508 locust plagues (this book was printed incorrectly, and the statistics were 26 18).
There is a scientific view on the relationship between the occurrence of locusts and environmental climate conditions in "Killing Locusts": According to the old farmer, locusts are as young as corn and as big as flies in a few days. It can jump in groups. It's called a bug.
In a few days, that is, flying in groups, it will be called locusts. Stop, the bird's mouth kept biting ... for a few days, I got pregnant.
The son of the underground, the locust returns on the 18th, and the locust returns to the locust. If this happens, the disaster will spread ... locusts will be born on the edge of osawa ... and it will suddenly dry up ... so the drought-makers, the original locusts, want to get rid of locusts and map the land. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the improvement of paper and printing conditions, the record of locust plague was more detailed. Here are a few examples to illustrate: "In the first year of Zhenyuan (Tang Dynasty) (785), summer locusts spread from the sea in the east to the river in the west, covering the sky and the sun for ten days.
The vegetation and animal hair I went to have a legacy, and I'm hungry. In autumn, locusts are harvested, crops are extinct, and people are hungry, so they catch locusts for food.
In the third year of Chunhua (Song Dynasty) (992), in June, migratory locusts came from the northeast, covered the sun and crossed the southwest. It was a heavy rain that killed all the locusts.
In autumn and July, there are locusts in Xu, Ru, Zhou, Dan, Cang, Cai, Qi and North. ""There are locusts from northeast to southwest, and the sky is overcast ... "(Yuan) to 19th year (1353) in May, locusts were flying all over Shandong, Hedong, Henan, Guanzhong and other places, and people couldn't walk, so the ditches they fell into were flat.
""(locusts) eat all crops and plants. The sun is out, and people can't walk.
Every pit is full of profits. Hungry people catch locusts as food, or expose them to a dry environment and accumulate them ... "In the twenty-first year of Chenghua, there was a drought and locusts came at the same time, and everyone ate each other.
Most exiles, sometimes hungry people, gather in the mountains. Locusts fly in Taiping county, covering the sky and the sun, and the ears and leaves are exhausted, and the people know that they have turned to the valley.
In the year of Yuanqu, most people were in exile, and they gathered in the mountains. In March, Pingyang locust.
In April, locusts in Henan. Shuntian locust in July.
""(Qing) Xianfeng seven years (1857), spring, Changping, Tangshan, Wang Du, Laoting, Pingxiang locust, Pinggu cockroach, no wheat in spring. There are insects in Qingxian County, droughts in Funing, Quyang, yuanshi county, Qingyuan, Wuji and other counties, and locust infestation ... Wuchang migratory locusts cover the sky.
Fangxian, Zhijiang and Songzi drought locust should all have locusts more than three inches long. In autumn, locusts in Huang An, Qiushui, Huanggang and Suizhou; The grasshopper in Yingshan is one foot thick, and the flying locust in Zhongxiang covers the sky for dozens of miles ... "The Geographical Distribution of Locust Disasters" is quoted from 707 BC (five years in Lu Huangong) to 26 14 years in A.D. 1907 (thirty-three years in Guangxu, Qing Dynasty), with 508 occurrences of * * * locust disasters, according to the geography of their occurrences. Southwest China: 3 times, accounting for 0.58%.
This distribution is basically consistent with the "distribution of locust temples" studied by Chen Zhengxiang. Chen Zhengxiang, a geographer, consulted more than 3,000 kinds of China local chronicles collected at home and abroad to find out which recorded the location of the locust temple, which was marked on the map, and finally made a historical geographical map of the "distribution of the locust temple" in China (the locust god is a general term, including beeswax, king worm, general Liu Meng and so on). ).
The distribution map of locust plague drawn by using the distribution of locust temples has more advantages than written records, because wherever there are locust temples, it reflects the history of local locust plague, so farmers should set up temples to sacrifice. Chen Zhengxiang's Map of the Locust Temple has four characteristics: (1) The locust plague is most distributed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, especially in the three provinces of Hebei, Shandong and Henan.
(2) In the south of Central China, the plague of locusts is decreasing, but it is almost absent in the southeast coast. (3) The southern boundary of locust temple distribution is roughly consistent with the relative humidity isoline of 80% in spring and year.
(4) The Central Yunnan Plateau is similar to Taihu Lake Basin, so locust plagues are also common. The disadvantage of this kind of map is that it can't reflect the places where locusts occasionally occur, because there are often no locust temples in the areas where locusts occur, so it can't be reflected on the map.
There is no classification of locusts in history. Guo Ke and others studied the biological classification of locusts in modern China, and pointed out that there are three categories, namely, oriental migratory locust, Asian migratory locust and * * * migratory locust. Guo Jiao and others also described the distribution of locusts in China as "locusts in China".
Fourth, how did Chinese people control the plague of locusts in history? 1: Manual attack. This is the most leisurely locust control method in ancient China.
According to the "Important Law on Catching Locusts", this method is mainly used by villagers to support eight-foot-long white cloth with bamboo poles, chase locusts on three sides along the downwind direction, and then concentrate on fighting locusts. It belongs to the "hand-to-hand combat" of farmers against locust plague since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Although this method consumes physical strength, its tools and methods are simple, and it is suitable for a large number of villagers to fight collectively. So it has been very popular in rural areas of China for two thousand years.
Method 2: Although the method of burying trenches is simple, it consumes too much manpower and physical strength. So in the Han Dynasty, the exhausted China people also had an epiphany: Why should we fight hand-to-hand with locusts? Why not just dig a locust hole? So the "ditch burial method" came into being.
This method was introduced by ancient books such as Lun Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty. First of all, a large number of large pits two feet deep and two feet wide should be dug in the area where the locusts pass, and then after the locusts arrive, they should be introduced into the pits by tapping and other methods, and then concentrated in landfill. This method has an excellent effect of "annihilating the enemy", usually burying a large area at a time.
It is also difficult to operate: once the soil is buried too shallow, locusts can get out. According to the Book of Jin, there was a plague of locusts in Hedong area at that time, and people used the "trench burial method" to bury and destroy locusts. The locusts buried in the clinker flew out in the blink of an eye, but they ate all the crops.
As a result, a more ruthless method was popular in the Tang Dynasty: bonfire trapping and killing. Method 3: bonfire trapping method In fact, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the desire to burn locusts was very strong.
There is a cry of "stop robbing and pay fire" in the Book of Songs. In the Tang Dynasty, this operation of "burning locusts" finally matured.
It is recorded in the Atlas of Catching Locusts and the Whole Law of Controlling Locusts that if you want to "burn locusts", you must light a bonfire at dark. Besides the bonfire, you must also set up lights in areas with dense locusts to attract a large number of locusts with closely coordinated lights. Then the burned locusts will lose their ability to fly.
A large number of people took the opportunity to kill. You can also bury the killed locusts in the trenches.
During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, in the face of the plague of locusts sweeping the Central Plains, Yao Chong, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, decisively launched the "bonfire killing method" and successfully put out the plague in a short time! In the Song Dynasty, when agricultural science and technology were more developed, large-scale burning of locusts was also adopted: the breeding ground of locusts was burned, which not only cut off the hidden danger of disasters, but also cultivated land in the burning area, killing two birds with one stone. Method 4: The method of exterminating insects and eggs was also in the Song Dynasty when agricultural science and technology broke out, and the awareness of disaster prevention was also deeply rooted in people's hearts: instead of killing locusts in times of great disaster, it is better to mow the grass in advance.
Use the opportunity of winter to clear the breeding ground of locust eggs. Therefore, there is a "method of removing eggs according to insects."
According to "History of Song Dynasty", farmers in Song Dynasty often look for the breeding ground of locusts in winter. The Whole Law of Controlling Locusts also summarizes the experience of "killing eggs with insects" since the Song Dynasty: there are always countless small holes like honeycombs on the ground where locust eggs breed, and they must be dug up decisively to eradicate them.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, people even developed primitive "pesticides", such as "Stemona Stemona thick juice" and "aged vinegar mixture", which were specially used to kill eggs. But this way of looking for eggs, with Shen Kuo and other famous officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, is simply tired.
Sometimes I work hard to dig eggs, and the locust plague is still raging the next year. In the Ming dynasty, people realized that farming could actually eliminate hidden dangers more than finding eggs-the method of reclaiming farmland and eliminating locusts.
Strictly speaking, the method of reclaiming farmland to kill locusts actually originated in the Yuan Dynasty. According to agricultural records, farmers in Yuan Dynasty often planted taro, mulberry and other crops to resist the locust plague. By the Ming dynasty, there was a systematic operation: all the places where locusts were bred were "dry areas" and should be transformed into farmland. In the process of reclamation, eggs were killed by various methods, and plants such as mung beans and peas were planted, which were not eaten by locusts, in order to reserve rations in case of locust disaster.
In Xu Guangqi's Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration, this "method of reclaiming farmland and eliminating locusts" is not only fully recorded, but also spread in Europe and America with the world-famous Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration. It also has an important impact on pest control research in modern western countries.
But then again, although the above methods are reliable, they can only alleviate the disaster and minimize food losses under the conditions of ancient science and technology. Until modern society, all countries in the world can barely control the locust plague by using various modern scientific and technological means.
It seems that this terrible disaster is far from modern life. Some ridicule of "saving locusts by eating grain" can be said to be a serious ignorance of pests and diseases.
However, even in ancient times, when scientific and technological conditions were limited, the strong men in China still updated their experience in controlling locusts from generation to generation and bravely faced every disaster. Such wisdom and courage are precisely the important reasons why Chinese civilization is endless.
V. How to determine the control index of locusts According to various methods, we can determine the control index by knowing the species and density of locusts.
However, there is no uniform regulation on the prevention and control of the number of heads per square meter. We combine the prevention and control indicators of various places and strive to be economical and appropriate. Artificial control can be set to 2~ 12 heads /m2 for local areas and 15~20 heads /m2 for large-scale air defense.
No matter what kind of pests are controlled in grassland areas, economic benefits should be considered first. If the cost of prevention and control is balanced with the economic loss caused by pests, then this method is of little significance.
If the cost of prevention and control exceeds the economic loss caused by pests, this is not allowed in the prevention and control work. Secondly, consider various local factors, including manpower, material resources, financial resources, topography, grassland utilization and so on.
6. How to identify and control locusts are common pests in the world, which harm crops such as peanuts, beans, potatoes and sweet potatoes, such as Chinese locusts, stupid locusts and negative locusts.
Grasshoppers mainly eat leaves and stems of plants. They mainly eat gramineous plants, such as wheat, corn, sorghum, rice, millet, reed, barnyard grass and so on. When you are hungry, you also eat dicotyledonous plants such as peanuts. The locusts that harm peanuts are mainly Chinese locusts.
Chinese locust belongs to Orthoptera, Acridoidea, also known as Oxya chinensis. Chinese locusts occur all over China, especially in the Yangtze River valley and Huanghuai area.
(1) Harmful characteristics: Adults and nymphs eat the stems and leaves of peanuts. When the damage is serious, the stem is bitten off, the leaves are carved, and the whole leaves are eaten up, leaving only veins, which not only harms peanuts, but also harms other plants in Leguminosae, convolvulaceae, Gramineae and other crops. The third instar nymph began to spread the harm of feeding, and the food intake gradually increased; After the 4th instar, the food intake of nymph increases greatly, reaching the maximum when it reaches the adult, which often leaves gaps in peanut leaves, and in severe cases, only the main veins are left.
(2) Identification points ① Adult males are 15? 33 mm, female 20? 40 mm, the body color is yellow-green, brown-green, yellow-brown, green and so on. , shiny, wide head, oval. The compound eye is oval.
The antenna is filiform. The top of your head stretches forward and your face bulges wide.
There is a 1 dark brown longitudinal band on both sides of the compound eye, which passes through both sides of the anterior chest backboard and reaches the base of the anterior wing. There is a cone-shaped tumor on the chest web.
The front wing is longer than the end of the joint of the rear leg. ② The egg is cylindrical, about 12 mm long and 8 mm wide, with a slightly curved center.
With brown colloidal oocysts. Eggs are arranged obliquely in two longitudinal rows in the oocyst.
Eggsac eggplant is fruit-like, and there is a layer of dark brown glue between eggs. ③ Nymphs are also called locusts.
Majority 5? Six years old, several seven years old. 1 instar nymph is about 7 mm long, grayish green and shiny.
Big head. After 2 years of age, the body becomes bigger, wing buds appear at 3 years of age, and turn back at 5 years of age.
(3) Occurrence regularity: Locusta sinensis occurs once a year 1 generation in Zhejiang, Shanghai and northern Jiangsu, and twice in southern Jiangsu. All over the world, eggs overwinter in the field ridge and its nearby grassland soil or in the egg sac of weed rhizosphere.
Overwintering eggs hatch from mid-late May to mid-June of the following year. The egg period is about 6 months, 7? September is the peak period, and spawning overwinters around 10.
Like to emerge in the morning, active before sexual maturity, strong flying ability, with 8? 10 hour and 16 hour? The activity peak is at 19. It has obvious tropism to white light and purple light.
Eggs are laid in fields or ridges with low temperature, grassland, abundant sunshine and loose soil. The newly hatched nymphs are mostly concentrated on the ridges or young weeds on the roadside.
Adults prefer Gramineae and Cyperaceae, followed by Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Adults are active at sunrise and have the habit of patting the lights when it is sultry at night.
The ground temperature is 7? 10℃ locusts lie on the stems and leaves of peanuts to absorb light and heat. Ground temperature 10℃? Start feeding at 65438 05℃; The ground temperature rises to 15? At 25℃, the feeding activities of locusts are the most abundant. In case of cloudy day, strong wind, rain or extremely low temperature, locusts rest all day, do not eat, and resume normal activities until there is no wind or rain.
(4) Control methods The control index of Robinia pseudoacacia is 0 per square meter. 5 heads, and the suitable control period is the peak period of 3 rd and 4 th instars.
The focus of biological control should be on the area where the density of locusts is less than 5 per square meter in China. In areas where the density of Chinese locusts is more than 5 per square meter, attention should be paid to chemical emergency prevention and control.
(1) A large number of furrow agricultural control occurred before winter, and deep ploughing and ridging in winter leisure will destroy the ecological environment of overwintering eggs and reduce them. (2) Protecting natural enemies, using predatory natural enemies such as frogs and toads can basically inhibit the occurrence of this insect in general years.
(3) In years with serious chemical control, spraying can be carried out from the beginning to the middle and late July, and then every 10 day according to the insect situation. You can choose 2.
5% beta-cypermethrin EC 2000? 3000 times that of liquid, that is, 5. 7% cypermethrin EC 1000? 1500 times solution or 20% avermectin? Pesticide single microemulsion 600? 800-fold solution (used with caution in silkworm areas), or 48% chlorpyrifos EC 1000-fold solution, etc.
Seven major locust plagues in the history of China. Prevention method 3. The plague of locusts in the history of China. Introduction to Locusts V. Locusts in Israel [Edit this paragraph] 1. Reasons People have long noticed that serious locusts are often accompanied by severe drought.
There is a record of "drought locust" in ancient books in China. In recent years, several major locust plagues in Africa are also related to the severe drought in the region.
The main reason for this phenomenon is that locusts are warm and dry insects, and the arid environment has many benefits for their reproduction, growth and survival. Because locusts lay eggs in the soil, the soil is relatively solid, and the water content is 10%~20%, which is most suitable for them to lay eggs.
Drought makes locusts multiply and grow rapidly, and there are two reasons for the disaster. On the one hand, in dry years, due to the drop of water level, the soil becomes more solid, the water content decreases, the ground vegetation is sparse, and the number of eggs laid by locusts increases greatly, reaching 4000-5000 eggs per square meter of soil in many cases, with 500-80 eggs in each egg block, that is, 200,000-400,000 eggs per square meter.
At the same time, in dry years, the water surface of rivers and lakes shrinks, and the low-lying land provides a more suitable place for locusts to lay eggs. On the other hand, plants that grow in arid environment have low water content, and locusts feed on it, which makes them grow faster and have higher fertility.
On the contrary, the rainy and humid environment has many adverse effects on the reproduction of locusts. The plants eaten by locusts have high water content, which will delay the growth of locusts and reduce their fertility. Rainy and humid environment will also make locusts epidemic diseases, and rain and snow can directly kill locust eggs.
In addition, the increase of natural enemies such as frogs will also increase the mortality rate of locusts. When a certain part of the locust's hind leg is touched, it will change its habit of living alone and become fond of living in groups.
Locusts are usually timid and like to live alone, with limited harm. However, they sometimes change their habits, like to live in groups, and eventually gather in large numbers and migrate collectively, forming a formidable locust plague, which has caused great damage to agriculture.
Scientists at Oxford University say that they have experimented with desert locusts living alone and repeatedly touched many parts of their bodies to see if there are some tactile factors that make them change their habits. It was found that when a certain part of grasshoppers' hind legs was affected by * * *, they suddenly became gregarious, but touching other parts of their bodies, such as tentacles, mouth or abdomen, did not have this effect.
Scientists believe that the occasional gathering of locusts in the natural environment may lead them to change their habits and start to live in groups, and their members will increase in large numbers in the same way, thus forming a locust plague. If we can find out which chemical signals affect the nervous system of locusts to change their behavior, it is possible to develop new pesticides to prevent locusts from gathering.
To sum up, why can locusts break out and cause disasters? 1. From the environmental point of view, it is mainly caused by drought. 2. Judging from its living habits, it is mainly: (1) it has the habit of living in groups.
(2) Strong fertility. (3) It is omnivorous, that is, it can eat a variety of plants.
(4) Its flying ability is very strong and difficult to control. (5) Its eggs are buried deep underground and are not easy to be destroyed.
After the warm winter, locusts flooded. Global warming, especially the rising temperature in winter, is conducive to the increase of locusts' overwintering eggs and provides "eggs" for the outbreak of locust plague in the following year; In addition, the combined effects of climate warming, intensified drought, grassland degradation and other factors will provide suitable places for locusts to lay eggs. Locusts have strong adaptability to drought, because other insects and birds can't survive in this situation, and a filamentous fungus that can cause locust diseases is suppressed, so its number is greatly increased.
Therefore, experts predict that with the trend of global warming, the scale of locust plague will become larger and larger in the future, which will have a serious impact on grain production in China. 4. Excessive population density will cause locust plague.
In a paper published in the journal Science on June 2nd, James Bull and his colleagues proved that the key factor is specific population density. When the locust swarm reaches this density, the locusts will line up and start moving in the same direction.
Locusts are isolated wingless nymphs in the early life history, and they tend to avoid each other. But if resources become scarce, they are forced to influence each other.
Then, they can form an orderly local locust swarm. This locust swarm has the ability to act in unison, enter the neighbor's habitat, let more and more locusts join in, and finally become a huge locust swarm.
Therefore, it is very important to predict the beginning of group action for controlling the outbreak of locust plague. This group of scientists put more and more locusts in a round field, recorded their behaviors and tracked their movements with computer software.
At medium density (25 to 62 locusts per square meter), locusts will line up and start moving in the same direction, or even suddenly change direction. In the experiment, when the number of locusts per square meter exceeds 74, the locusts arranged in sequence stop changing direction and keep moving in the same direction for 8 hours.
These observations confirm the results predicted by a computer model called self-propelled particle model. Boolean and his colleagues believe that using such a model may help to design a method to control the outbreak of locust plague.
Their research results also support FAO's definition of locust nymph population. Under this defined density, locusts can easily cross the "critical point", thus causing locust plague.
[Edit this paragraph] Second, the prevention and control methods 1, the method of environmental protection and radical cure. Natural factors are the main factors of locust plague, but there are undeniable human factors.
Locusts must lay eggs on land with vegetation coverage below 50%. If a place is beautiful and there is no land, locusts can't breed. At present, the ecological awareness in some places is not strong, and some simply think that pollution control is to protect the environment, without paying attention to improving the vegetation, soil and microclimate in locust-suitable areas, because no benefits can be seen in the short term.
Therefore, we must attach great importance to the protection of the ecological environment in order to fundamentally prevent and control the locust plague. 2, chemical control, the most important means.
It is suggested to choose a counterpart pesticide with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, such as 5% Ruijinte suspension, 20-30ml water per mu and 50-60kg spray. You can also find grasshoppers (.
Eight, China has frequent locust plagues in history. How did the ancients deal with the plague of locusts? Because the arid environment is suitable for locust breeding, the outbreak of locust plague is generally accompanied by drought. In ancient China, there was a saying that locusts were extremely dry. The ancients believed that drought occurred because a monster named "Hiderigami" was at work, and locust plague occurred because "Locust God" appeared. Therefore, when drought and locust plague break out, people usually carry out activities such as "driving miles to Gummy" and "worshipping the locust god", which obviously has no effect, and can only migrate to other places after the locusts have ruined the crops.
With the increase of experience, the ancients gradually began to use some positive methods to deal with locusts. For example, Yao Chong, a saint of Kaiyuan, in the face of the plague of locusts in Shandong, broke superstition and fought against locusts by driving away, catching fire, digging holes and burying them, with remarkable results; In the Yuan Dynasty, people began to think about ways to prevent and control the locust plague on the basis of inheriting the previous generation's control: in early autumn, digging out the locust eggs hidden in the fields with hoes and drying them to death under the strong sunlight of the "autumn tiger" is very effective in preventing and controlling the locust plague; In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Guangqi systematically summarized the methods of controlling locust plague in the past dynasties, and set up "eliminating locust sparse" to record the method of eliminating locust in "Agricultural Administration Complete Book".
The method recorded in Zhang's "The Rise and Fall of Guanhai in Daoxian County" in Qing Dynasty: the method of controlling locusts is like marching. A team of ten people, two people dug a long ditch with a shovel, three or four feet deep, with floating soil piled on the opposite side, four people behind and two people on the side, all of which were blasted into the ditch with long brooms. After six people, two people killed unclean people with long-handled leather palms. An official member, leading 200 people, as 20 teams, can get dozens of bags every day. As soon as locusts enter the ditch, they will pile up the floating soil and pound it hard. Why worry about not dying? Those who get married in grain will be expelled from their homes, or sold, or replaced with wheat, as people like. Those who hide in the rocks by the river are often boiled by lime water. Those who can't grow brooms on the cliff will be blasted with spray tubes. Where there are locusts, such as non-sand table land, jumpers, hire cattle to plow the fields and pick up seeds. Locusts are similar to peanuts, and they cost 0/00 yuan per year. After all the locusts were picked up, they were crushed with stones and dug out with iron and palladium, and there was no erosion. Previous Buddhism refers to the flat land, which has never been mentioned in the mountains. Its flat land was plowed by cattle and trampled by hundreds of sheep, and it was like mud in an instant. The test has been tested.
In the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837), a passbook was given to the superior when he was a magistrate in Shuoping, Shanxi. His own record is "I have been catching a lot of eggs in recent months", but there are still many bugs and eggs, which makes him very anxious. It can be seen that the locusts caught can be sold for money. In fact, it's almost work for relief ~