[Keywords:]
Party library; Party spirit education; During the Republic of China; Library history
[China Library Classification Number] ]G259? 296[ Document ID] a
[ArticleNo.]1005-6041(2012) 04-0001-04
During the Republic of China, in order to implement the policy of "ruling the country by the party", the Kuomintang vigorously publicized the party's righteousness and implemented party education in the field of education and culture. As a social educational and cultural institution, the library is the most common in the society and the closest to the people, and is regarded as an ideal position for party affairs education by the Kuomintang. In this context, the party spirit library with the responsibility of "carrying forward the party's righteousness" and "promoting party spirit education" came into being. However, the formation of party spirit library is not overnight, it has a process of ideological brewing, promotion from all walks of life and multi-path construction. Among them, the thought of party spirit library was conceived in the ideological trend of party spirit education and further developed under the discussion of Mr. Li and Mr. Du Dingyou. Under the impetus of the national government and the library community, the party spirit library has been built from the aspects of establishing the party spirit library, collecting books on party spirit, and banning publications that endanger the party and the country. ?
1 what is the idea of the party library?
The ideological origin of 1. 1-the ideological trend of party spirit education?
After the reorganization of 1924, the Kuomintang put forward the idea of "ruling the country by the party" after a comprehensive investigation of the situation at home and abroad. People think that if China wants to stand firm in the world and have a free and equal status, all citizens must stand together under a creed and work hard. Applying this principle of unity, building a national foundation and building a group enterprise is to govern the country with the party. [ 1] 1? Under the principle of governing the country by the party, education is as important as other undertakings or even more important, and must be party-oriented. [ 1]2? Party spirit education has begun. ?
The essence of the Party's education in the Republic of China (later renamed "Three People's Principles Education") was the nationalization of education. It aims at "realizing the Three People's Principles", which requires not only adding the words of the Three People's Principles to textbooks and posting several bulletins of the Three People's Principles in educational administrative organs, but permeating all aspects of education. [2]? This kind of inner-party education aimed at consolidating and strengthening the rule of the Kuomintang met with fierce opposition from the intellectual elites represented by Ren Hongjuan and Cai Yuanpei at that time. However, with the active promotion of the national government, party education quickly formed a social trend of thought, which swept through all fields of social education. Not only has the school become the hardest hit area of party spirit education, but even the library, which has always upheld the spirit of independence, is involved. Under the gestation of the ideological trend of party spirit education, the thought of party spirit library took shape initially. ?
1.2 ideological development-a discussion represented by Li and Du?
In order to conform to the trend of "ruling the country by the party" and cooperate with the Kuomintang to carry out party spirit education, the concept of party spirit library was developed in the library circle of the Republic of China, among which Li and Du Dingyou were the most comprehensive and influential. ?
At the beginning of 1926, Mr. Li's party library thought has been formed. After a year of thinking and improvement, it was published in the form of "National Library Plan" in March 1927. The main content of Li Party School's library thought is to establish the National Zhongshan Library. He believes that Dr. Sun Yat-sen has made great contributions to the Republic of China and should set up a special library to commemorate and carry forward Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary spirit. The National Sun Yat-sen Library should pay attention to the establishment of a special collection in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, retrieve his works and other books related to the Party's righteousness, and realize the party spirit education function of the library. [3]2 17? Li's conception of National Sun Yat-sen Library should be said to be quite in line with Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles and also adapted to the basic theory of Kuomintang party affairs education. ?
Almost at the same time as Li, Du Dingyou, another famous library scientist in the Republic of China, also publicly put forward the idea of building a party library. 1927, Du Dingyou published an article "Library and Party Spirit Education" in the magazine "Political Education", arguing that "it seems essential to handle a party spirit library in order to complete party spirit education". [4]48? 1942, Du Dingyou further published the article "Books and Politics" in the Journal of library society of china, arguing: "Books are the crystallization of ideas and the messengers of culture. We want to build a country and promote politics. Books are an important tool. ..... The duty of the library is to convey the will of the government ... The library is by no means a vassal organ that can whitewash the luxury of peace, but a political organ with the mission of the times and independent performance. " [5] 1—3? Du Dingyou's exposition objectively matches the Kuomintang's theory of party spirit education, and the two complement each other, which has played a certain role in promoting the construction of party spirit library. ?
As a famous librarian in the Republic of China, no matter Li or Du Dingyou, their opinions basically represent a voice in the library field, that is, they support the idea of leading the development of library cause with party education. It can be said that at the ideological level, the thought of Party school library has matured, and it is not far from putting it into practice. ?
2. What is the driving force for the development of the Party newspaper library?
Under the gestation of the ideological trend of party spirit education, the thought of party spirit library came into being. Later, in the discussion of Li, Du and others, it became mature. However, the maturity of party spirit library thought only laid a theoretical foundation for the establishment of party spirit library. The final completion of the party-based library still needs some thrust. ?
2. 1 external force-actively promoted by the Kuomintang?
As an important social and cultural educational institution, the library has a close relationship with the public and has a good social education effect. In view of this, the Kuomintang attaches great importance to the use of libraries for party spirit education. This is reflected in the Kuomintang's inner-party propaganda and the implementation of the Ministry of Education. For example, as early as 1929, the Kuomintang propaganda meeting drew up a plan to establish a central library as a Kuomintang library to collect books about the Kuomintang and its government. On June 5th of the same year, a national propaganda meeting of China Kuomintang was held in Nanjing to discuss "how to implement the case of building a database by party departments in various provinces and cities". [6] 1 1? It can be seen that the Kuomintang attaches great importance to the construction of party libraries. But this kind of library is not for the people, but for the political parties, which runs counter to the public spirit of the library. ?
The Kuomintang not only attaches importance to the construction of party library in propaganda, but also actively promotes it in practical work. 193 1 In September, the "Principles for the Implementation of the Education of the Three People's Principles" adopted by the Third Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang further stipulated that libraries and newspapers should "prepare more Party documents". [7]357? The party spirit education function of the library has been further strengthened. The Ministry of Education also actively implements the Party's library policy. 194 1 year, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Measures for Popularizing National Book Education", stipulating that the principle of purchasing books in county and city libraries and township reading rooms should first be "developing the Three People's Principles". [7]363? At this point, with the active promotion of the Kuomintang, the party library system from the central government to the local government has basically taken shape. ?
2.2 Internal Force-Is the library industry adapting?
Objectively speaking, in addition to the active promotion of the Kuomintang, the library community also took the initiative in this process and became one of the promoters of the party library. At the 1928 conference on expanding education in central China, Wen Yin Education Bureau proposed: "Please invite provincial and county libraries and popular libraries to set up roving lectures and libraries, advocate reading movement and publicize party spirit education". [8]? At the first annual meeting of 1929 China Library Association, Jiang Jinghuan, Suzhou Library in Central China, explained in detail the relationship between libraries and party spirit education: "All citizens under the party rule know the meaning of the party; This kind of party spirit education is also very important. Now that our country is ruling the country by the party, we should publicize the significance of the party discipline, the party program, the Three People's Principles and the five-power constitution as much as possible so that the people can have a thorough understanding and have no doubts. ..... However, at the beginning of political training, how should we carry forward the party's righteousness? Give play to the party's purpose? It is said that the library is the most common in society and the closest to the people. No matter how big or small the library is, whether it is urban or rural, it is advisable to prepare more books, pictures, slogans, explanations, etc. About the party. Or ad hoc revolutionary libraries and party books departments. According to the situation of readers in different places, the quality is different; Ensure that the people are influenced by the party's righteousness day by day and feel that the party is unconscious; Then it is really beneficial to the future of the party and the country. " [9]? The paper of Jiang Jinghuan's annual meeting not only analyzes the necessity of party spirit education, but also interprets the role of libraries in party spirit education. Jiang Jinghuan is a representative of Suzhou Library in Central China. His remarks catered to the Kuomintang's party-oriented education policy at that time and were undoubtedly welcomed by the Kuomintang. ?