First, common test sites:
1, understanding of description object and description feature.
2. Identify and understand the interpretation method.
3. Analysis and understanding of the order of interpretation.
4. Analysis of paragraph structure characteristics.
5. Summarize the meaning of the text, levels and paragraphs.
6. Comment on the meanings of keywords and key sentences and their expressive functions.
7. Explain the experience of language accuracy.
Second, explain the knowledge and skills of reading.
I. Classification
1, from the description object: descriptive words of things and descriptive words of things.
Train of thought: the general title of the description text is the object of description; Find concluding sentences at the beginning and end of the explanation.
2. From the perspective of language features (language expression). : a plain exposition, a vivid exposition.
Second, the order of interpretation.
Chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
Specific analysis of logical order: subject-secondary, cause-result, phenomenon-essence, feature-use, general-individual, generalization-concrete, whole-part.
Typical question: What is the order of interpretation in this article? What's the role?
Answer format: This paper uses the order of explanation to make the explanation more organized. (The first blank should be filled in with the specific order of description, and the second blank should be filled in with the specific name or description of the thing. If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". )
Third, the method of explanation (generally answer three words, you should master several common methods of explanation and analyze the role in the text)
1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.
2, the role of common methods:
1. Example: Make the article more specific, more convincing, and better explain the characteristics of things.
2. Definition: Reveal the essential characteristics of things completely, scientifically and accurately, and distinguish them from other things.
3.No.: It explains the characteristics of … more scientifically, accurately and concretely. A series of digital sciences about the salt content of the Dead Sea in the Dead Sea Never Dies have accurately explained the reasons and characteristics of the high salt content and buoyancy of the Dead Sea. )
4. For example, it vividly illustrates ... (Stone arch bridge in China) The image of "Stone arch bridge is shaped like a rainbow" vividly illustrates the shape characteristics of stone arch bridge. )
5. Classification: the organization clearly explains ... ("March to the Desert" two ways that deserts harm human beings: guerrilla warfare and positional warfare)
6. Compare: highlight the characteristics of the things explained. (Answer should be combined with the content) Highlights ... (Looking for comparison points)
7. Make a chart: write intuitively ...
8. Interpretation: Explain some characteristics of things.
9. Imitation: (Similar description) is more vivid.
⑩ Quotation: Quotation has the following forms-
First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example) B. Cite specific data; C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing. D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation. (The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )
Fourthly, the language analysis of expository writing.
1, the analysis of the whole language is generally from two angles: a, accuracy; B, vivid or concise.
This is also the characteristic of general expository writing. B is from the perspective of different language styles. To comment on the language features of the whole article, we must combine the specific content of the article, for example, we can choose a sentence as an example.
The format is as follows: This paper fully embodies the characteristics of accurate/vivid/concise language, such as the sentence "……", and accurately/vividly/concisely explains the characteristics/reasons of things "……".
2, the role of words has the following forms:
What is the purpose of adding words by typing 1? Countermeasures: Grasp the characteristics of accurate exposition and language, and the answer format: explain the characteristics/reasons of things accurately/vividly/vividly.
Type 2. Can you use another word instead? And explain why.
Countermeasures: (1) No (2) The meaning or content of the original word. (3) The meaning or content of the changed words. (4) What changes have taken place in the meaning after the change, which is not in line with reality.
Type 3. Can restrictive words be deleted?
Countermeasure: (1) Take a stand (delete or not). (2) qualitative. Such as: "comparison", "almost" and "equivalent"; Tables such as "probably", "possibly" and "probably" estimate the number of tables such as "more" and "more". (3) If it is deleted, what will the original meaning become? It is unrealistic and too absolute. (4) The word XX embodies the accuracy, thoroughness and scientificity of language.
Type 4. Find a word from the article that can reflect the "accuracy" of the interpretation language and experience it.
Type five: reference-what are the "these conditions", "this phenomenon" and "the same reason" in the text?
Countermeasures: generally refers to the sentence before pronouns, find the nearest sentence. Sometimes it should be noted that it may not be the whole sentence, but a part.
5. The common forms of explanatory text structure are: "total score" type (or from total score to subtotal, or from small score to subtotal, or total score), parallel type, progressive type, etc. Analyze the structure of the article and grasp the central sentences and conjunctions, such as "first", "second", "return", "return" and "except"
Analysis of Explanatory Writing of Intransitive Verbs
1. Talking about the mode in combination with the interpretation method: This paper mainly uses the interpretation method of … to explain … (content: the characteristics or reasons of things), thus explaining … (role: refer to the previous interpretation method to clarify its role).
2. Talk about the mode in combination with figures of speech: This is a vivid exposition, which uses a lot of figures of speech to explain … (content), making the explanation of the article vivid and vivid.
3. Combine narrative, description and expression to make the explanation more specific; Expressing opinions makes explanations more emotional. Then, from this point of view, the format of explanatory text is as follows: this paper comprehensively uses a variety of expressions, in addition to explanation, there are … (from "narrative, description, explanation and discussion" according to the content), such as … (specific examples), which makes the explanation more specific/emotional by using … (expression).
Seven, explain the role of the paragraph
(1), structure, content and function: lead out the following, connect the preceding with the following, and summarize the full text/previous article. Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of leading out the object of explanation/explaining things.
(2), combined with interpretation. A method of explaining (a feature or thing). ....
Argumentative writing
Question 1: find the central argument
Problem-solving skills: ① the title of the article points out the central argument;
② Put forward the central argument at the beginning of the article;
③ At last, the article summarizes the central argument;
4. In the middle of the article, put forward the central argument with a connecting sentence.
The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but it always revolves around …
Example: Reading comprehension question Wang P 1 13 The first question.
Question 2: Analysis and demonstration methods and their functions.
Problem-solving skills: common argumentation methods: reasoning, example argumentation, contrast argumentation, quotation argumentation and metaphor argumentation.
(1) Illustration: By citing specific examples, the demonstration will be more specific and convincing. Format: Use examples to demonstrate and cite … (summarize examples) to prove … (if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thus making the argument more specific and convincing.
(2) Reasoning argument: prove the argument through reasoning, making the argument more general and profound.
Form: demonstrate the viewpoint with the method of rational argument ... so as to make the argument more universal and deeper.
3. Metaphorical argument: use metaphor to prove and make the argument vivid and easy to understand.
Format: Metaphorical argument is used for comparison
④ Comparative argument: The role of comparative argument is outstanding.
Format: Compare … with … by means of comparative argument, and highlight the viewpoint of ….
⑤. Citation: Its function should be specifically analyzed. For example, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read.
Format: Use the argument method of quoting arguments, and quote … to prove the viewpoint of … to make the argument more convincing. (or more interesting, attracting readers to read)
Example: reading comprehension question Wang P 1 13 question 3.
Question 3: Analyze the function of paragraphs.
Problem-solving skills: the function of the beginning is: (1), leading to the central argument; (2), lead to the topic; (3) Examples are cited as factual arguments to prove the point of view, attract readers' interest and enhance persuasiveness.
The function of the ending: (1), deepen the central argument and put forward the conclusion of …; (2) Repeating or strengthening the central argument ...; (3) Appeal ... or exhort people ...; (4) Supplementary argumentation. Its function is to make the argument more rigorous. )
Example: reading comprehension question Wang P 1 14 1.
Question 4: Analyze the argumentation process of a paragraph.
Problem solving skills: format: first put forward the viewpoint of …, then use the argument method of …+(function), and finally further put forward the viewpoint of ….
Example: The King of Reading Comprehension P99 Question 2
Question type ⑤: Talk about feelings according to your own reality.
Problem solving skills: pay attention to your own reality (for example, as a middle school student, facing the senior high school entrance examination ...)
narrate
Question 1: summarize the main idea of the article
Problem-solving skills: six elements of narrative: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
Format (Time+Location) People+Events
Example: Read and understand the first question of P29.
Question 2: Rhetoric and its function.
Problem-solving skills: Common rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question and repetition. ...
The role of common techniques: (1, the role of rhetoric itself) (2, combined with sentence context)
1, metaphor: compare ... compare
2. Personification: endowing ... with human form, vividly writing+object+feature 3. Exaggeration: highlighting the characteristics of people or things, revealing the essence, and giving readers a distinct and strong impression.
4, repeatedly stressed .............................
Example: King of Reading Comprehension P52 Question 4
Question 3: What are the meanings and functions of specific words?
Problem-solving skills: connect the original meaning of the word, explain the meaning of the text (extended meaning, figurative meaning, pun meaning), and find out the specific content it refers to (make the unclear clear; Reduce metaphors and symbols).
Format: The word "××" originally refers to …, and here refers to …, playing the role of ….
Example: Question 2 of P49 in reading comprehension.
Question 4: The function of scenery description.
Problem-solving skills: (1) Explain the background (2) Promote the plot development (3) Render the atmosphere (4) Highlight the character's personality (5) Set off the character's emotions.
Reveal (express) the author ......................................................................................................................................................................
Example: The King of Reading Comprehension P 16 Question 4.
Question type ⑤: The function of a sentence (a paragraph) in the text.
Problem solving skills: 1, at the beginning of the text: open the topic, render the atmosphere, pave the way for the following, and always lead the following.
2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following.
3. End of the article: point out the center, deepen the theme, and take care of the beginning.
Question 6: After reading the article, talk about feelings.
Problem-solving skills: combine the content of the article with your own reality (such as facing the senior high school entrance examination ...)
Example: Question 4 of P46 in reading comprehension.