Ling Shuhua, a talented woman from Peking University in the Republic of China;
Ling Shuhua (1900- 1990), a native of Panyu County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, is a writer and painter. Yenching university, where she studied, was cancelled in the 1952 adjustment of colleges and universities in China. After the assets were taken over by the Central People's Government, most of arts and sciences were merged into Peking University, engineering was merged into Tsinghua, and law and sociology were merged into Beijing University of Political Science and Law (renamed China University of Political Science and Law). So it can also be returned to Peking University.
Ling Shuhua was born into a family of officials and calligraphers. Ling Shuhua's father Ling Fupeng was born in Hanyuan. In the 19th year of Guangxu, Kang Youwei was promoted as a scholar. He used to be the minister of Tianjin, Baoding and Zhili in Qing Dynasty. He is good at lyrics and loves painting, and is closely related to famous painters such as Qi Baishi, Wang, Wang, Chen Yinque and so on. Such a family has cultivated her literature and art since she was a child. Since childhood, she has worshipped Miao Suyun, a famous female painter and painter of Empress Dowager Cixi, as a teacher, and has also been educated by Gu Hongming, a generation of eccentrics in cultural circles. When I was seven or eight years old, I studied painting under the famous landscape painter Wang, and then under the female painter Hao Shuyu, laying a solid foundation in painting techniques. When she was studying in Tianjin Zhili No.1 Women's Normal School, her literary talent was like the first hibiscus out of water, and her literary talent was extraordinary and eye-catching. Her works are often published in the school magazine. At the age of 22, she was admitted to yenching university and became a classmate with Xie Wanying. The following year, she was promoted to the undergraduate foreign languages department, majoring in English, French and Japanese.
1928 Ling Shuhua and her husband Chen Xiying (from Wuxi County, Changzhou) went to Wuhan University as professors. At this time, Ling Shuhua became friends with Su and Yuan, and the three of them complemented each other in literary creation, and they had the reputation of "three outstanding figures". Ling Shuhua is both talented and handsome, with elegant temperament, which makes the world admire him. Ling Shuhua has a strong affinity with others, such as Hu Shi and Xu Zhimo. Ling Shuhua takes painting as his profession. She held many art exhibitions in her life. After graduating from college, her paintings immediately participated in the international art exhibition. After 1950s, she held many art exhibitions in Paris, London, Boston and Singapore.
Ling Shuhua's personality is not as vain and willful as Lin's, nor as reserved and rational as that. She is gentle and easy-going, but mixed with a little scheming and vulgarity. Her novels shone brilliantly in the 1920s, enduring for a long time. With the development of society, readers will increase day by day. The "Babel Box" incident and the "Wife's Living Room" incident in the future exposed Ling Shuhua, Lin and the three men's weaknesses in the dispute, which can be described as three losses, fully demonstrating their dark side of jealousness, narrow-mindedness and fame and fortune. Lu Xiaoman, another talented woman who is really hurt, is generous, calm, confident and indifferent to fame and fortune.
Affectionate Xu Zhimo and Ling Shuhua also have emotional entanglements. Xu Zhimo's Babel Box was stored in Ling Shuhua twice. The first time was 1925 when Xu Zhimo went out to travel. At that time, his love affair with Lu Xiaoman attracted a lot of publicity, and Xu Zhimo planned to take shelter in Europe. Before you leave, you should give the so-called "treasure chest" containing the diary manuscript and Lu Xiaoman's two first love diaries to the person you trust most. Because Lu Xiaoman was in a bad situation at that time, and there was something in the box that was "not suitable for Lu Xiaoman to see", he gave it to Ling Shuhua. According to Ling Shuhua's confirmation, many of them involved right and wrong, including some Lu Xiaoman's criticism of Lin and some gossip about Hu Shihe. In addition to two diaries and several articles written by Xu Zhimo when he returned from Europe via the Siberian Railway in 1925 and 1926, there are also two diaries written by Xu Zhimo between/kloc-0 and1926 and a large number of love letters written to Lu Xiaoman during his two European trips, most of which are in English.
193119, Xu zhimo died in a plane crash, and the secret about this small box was also made public. Xu Zhimo had a romantic life, and many people were full of great interest in his personal diary and his correspondence with his girlfriend, and they started this "treasure chest" idea one after another. Of course, the two people who want this little box most are Lu Xiaoman and Lin. Arguably, this "treasure chest" belongs to Lu Xiaoman, the widow of Xu Zhimo, of course, but the hypocritical Lin, who loves loyalty and family more than anything else, somehow seems to want this treasure chest more than Lu Xiaoman. Lin personally went to Ling Shuhua's apartment in Hutong to ask Ling Shuhua for it, but Ling Shuhua declined. I have to turn to Hu Shi for help. In the name of the editorial board, Hu Shi sent a solemn letter to Ling Shuhua, demanding that Ling Shuhua hand over the "treasure chest". Ling Shuhua reluctantly handed the "treasure chest" to the envoy sent by Hu Shi. But Hu Shi took the small box from Ling Shuhua and gave it to Lin, not Lu Xiaoman. Eight days after receiving the "Babel Box"/kloc-0, Hu Shi wrote to Ling Shuhua again, accusing her of hiding two English diaries of Xu Zhimo as "private treasures", and pointed out that her practice set a precedent for hiding Xu Zhimo's letters, which would affect the compilation of the complete works. The "eight treasures" case also cast a shadow over Ling Shuhua's relationship with friends such as Hu Shi and Lin. Ling Shuhua finally found out that Hu Shi gave the diary to Lin instead of Lu Xiaoman, and felt very sorry for Xu Zhimo. Ling Shuhua once wrote to Hu Shi and said, "I was worried when I heard that this box had fallen to Lin's place the day before yesterday, because there were two diaries of Lu Xiaoman's first love, which involved a lot of right and wrong, just like it was inappropriate to show it to Lu Xiaoman before." .
Lu Xiaoman once said bitterly, "There are several other diaries, but unfortunately I don't have them here, and others refuse to take them out. I have no choice, otherwise they can be much more exciting than these. " Who is "others"? Lu Xiaoman couldn't say clearly, but he couldn't say for sure. It was nothing more than Lin and Ling Shuhua. However, Lin denied that he kept some diaries privately, and Ling Shuhua also denied that he kept anything in the "sweet box". Ling Shuhua, who was still a friend, became friends with Lin and Lu Xiaoman because of the "Babel" incident, and the three of them never contacted each other again. Nowadays, all the people related to "Babel" have died, and this mystery caused by a box has gradually become another mystery that can no longer be solved in the long river of history.
The case of "Babel Box" stems from the fact that all talented women want to have the patent to compile the complete works of Xu Zhimo. In addition to Lu Xiaoman's justice and generosity, Lin and Ling Shuhua also fantasize that Xu Zhimo has their important position in the love history. They all want to take things that shouldn't belong to them for themselves, so fame and vanity are really harmful to people, even talented women.
Xie Wanying, a talented woman from Peking University in the Republic of China;
Xie Wanying (1900 ─ 1999), a native of Changle County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, is a writer, poet and translator of children's literature.
"Xiao Ju Lantern" is Bing Xin's work with fresh and refined style, which has been included in middle school Chinese textbooks. Xie Wanying took the meaning of "there is a piece of Bing Xin in the jade pot" and wrote his pen name Bing Xin, known as "the old man of the century". He used to be honorary chairman of the Central Committee of China Association for Promoting Democracy, vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, honorary chairman and consultant of Chinese Writers Association, and honorary director of China Translators Association. Xie Wanying was born in Fuzhou into a family of naval officers with patriotism and reformism. Her father Xie participated in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-894-895 to fight against the Japanese invaders. Later, she founded the naval school in Yantai and became the principal. 19 13 Xie Wanying moved to Beijing with his father, and 19 18 entered Concord Women's University for a pre-science course.
Beijing North China Women's Union University is a branch of Peking University. Yenching university is one of the most famous missionary universities in modern China. Established in 19 19. It was originally formed by the merger of several North China Christian universities, such as Beijing Huiwen University, Tongzhou North China United University and Beijing North China Women's United University. It was jointly organized by Presbyterian Church, American-Israeli Association, American Women's Association, Congregation and London Association, formerly known as "Peking University".
With the rise of the New Culture Movement and the outbreak of the May 4th Movement, Xie Wanying was selected as the document of the University Student Union. Encouraged by the patriotic student movement, she published her first essay "Thoughts on the 21st Hearing" and her first novel "Two Families" in19/morning post in August. The latter first used the pen name "Bing Xin". Because the work directly involved major social issues, it soon had a great influence. Later, he wrote "problem novels" such as When You Are Lonely and Helpless and Poor, Going to the Countryside, Autumn Rain and Sorrow for People. At the same time, Concord Women's University was merged into yenching university. Xie Wanying joined the Literature Research Association on 192 1. Her works mostly focus on the three themes of maternal love, childlike innocence and nature, and construct the core of Bing Xin's thought-love-oriented. Representative works include Superman, Boredom, Stars, Springs, etc.
1923, Xie Wanying won the Wellesley Women's University Scholarship with excellent results. Before and after studying abroad, he began to publish a series of communication essays to young readers, which became the cornerstone of children's literature in China. From 65438 to 0926, Xie Wanying returned to China with a master's degree in literature, and successively taught in yenching university, Beiping Women's College of Arts and Sciences and Tsinghua University China Literature Department. 1929 On June 5th, Xie Wanying and Dr. Wu Wenzao, who came back from school, got married in yenching university, and Si Tuleideng presided over their wedding. After marriage, Xie Wanying continued to write, praising maternal love, childlike innocence and nature to the fullest. At the same time, his works also reflect his careful observation of social inequality and life of different classes, and his pure and meaningful writing also expresses implicit ridicule. The representative novels are Fen by 193 1 and Girl by 1933, and the excellent prose is 1933' s Return to the South-Mother's Soul in Heaven. 1932, The Complete Works of Bing Xin is published in three volumes (novels, essays and poems).
Bing Xin, Lu Yin and Lin are also called "three talented women in Fuzhou". Among them (Bing Xin ornaments) and Lin had an interesting experience from a family friend to an enemy, that is, the "wife's living room" incident.
After Liang Sicheng and the Lins moved to the courtyard house of Beizongbu Hutong, due to their influence and Lin's coquettish beauty, a group of cultural elites soon gathered in the circle, such as poets Xu Zhimo, Jin, philosophers, political scientists, economists, international political experts Qian Duansheng, physicists Zhou Peiyuan, sociologists Tao Menghe, archaeologists Li Ji, etc. Usually on Saturday afternoon, these cultural elites will come to Liang's home one after another to give directions and discuss the world. With the passage of time, Liang's social circle became more and more influential, forming the most famous cultural salon in Peiping in the 1930s, which was called "Mrs.' s living room".
However, some elite scholars, especially all female elites, not only ignore Lin, but also laugh at her. The main reason for this situation is that Lin lacks women's delicate morality and vanity, while Lin's beauty and talent are exaggerated. Without Liang Sicheng, Lin is just a "grandstanding housewife with higher education who yearns for a bourgeois liberal lifestyle". Xie Wanying published the famous novel Our Wife's Living Room on June 1933+00, which attracted great attention from the national cultural circles. In the works, whether it is "our wife", or a poet, philosopher, painter, scientist and foreign merry widow, there are obvious colors of hypocrisy, vanity and illusion. The appearance of this "three-virtual" character is a decadent emotion and a shrinking turbidity current for society, love, oneself and the people. Xie Wanying made a profound satire and attack on this with gentle and humorous brushwork. King later said: This novel has other meanings, that is, the rich women in China in the 1930s were still keen on vanity and comparison during the crisis of national subjugation, and Lin brought this vanity to the extreme. Xie Wanying's husband, famous scholars Wu Wenzao (from Jiangyin County, Changzhou) and Liang Sicheng are both graduates of Tsinghua 1923 and live in the same dormitory, so they are real classmates. Lin He is a native of Fujian, and both are teachers of Professor Chen Hengzhe. It should be said that he Lin should be brothers in his early years. They also left a photo of life in Zhang Zhengui. From the photo, several people are having a picnic by the spring. Wearing a white apron and holding a knife to cut vegetables, Lin followed Bing Xin and smiled at the camera. But since the publication of "Our Wife's Living Room", Lin sent someone to give an altar of Shanxi old vinegar, and the two became enemies.
Once explained: "Our wife's living room is not about Lin, but about Lu Xiaoman, and the living room is full of her photos.". However, later scholars thought that it was absurd for Xie Wanying to mention Lu Xiaoman in The Lady's Living Room. The background of novel writing is Beiping, while Lu Xiaoman lived far away from Shanghai at that time. Most of Lu Xiaoman's living rooms are celebrities, which is inconsistent with the description of cultural elites and scholars in The Living Room. Also, Lu Xiaoman has no children, but Lin has a daughter named Bingbing, and the daughter in the novel is Binbin. Moreover, there is an interesting saying in the novel "Our Wife's Living Room": "This group of celebrities and literati are pointing out the mountains and rivers in the wife's living room, inspiring their words and letting go of their feelings. The poet with white face, thin lips and high nose waited until the end, eager to go out to the theatre hand in hand with our wife, but with the return of his wife's tired, listless and timid gentleman and his wife's cold feet, the poet had to bid farewell to the living room in a boring way and quietly disappeared into the striking night outside the door, and the story of the whole wife's living room ended here. " This kind of mean and interesting ridicule, the discerning person knows who it is at a glance. Narrow-minded, arrogant Lin couldn't swallow this tone, of course, and immediately sent someone to send an altar of Shanxi mature vinegar. My self-esteem suffered a heavy blow and I never contacted Lin again.
After the Babel incident, Lu Xiaoman, the "wife's living room", was once again implicated. It is doubtful whether this living room belongs to Lu Xiaoman or Lin. Because Lu Xiaoman's ex-husband and Lin's husband Liang Sicheng really belong to the tired and weak type all day, and their living rooms are full of celebrities, before Lu Xiaoman and her divorce, Xu Zhimo, a poet with a white face and a high nose, waited in her living room for the night when the flowers withered. It's really messy. Which lady's living room is this? No one can say for sure. Secretly mocking Lin and planting Lu Xiaoman, its calculation is obvious. However, Lin's sending vinegar showed her willfulness and narrowness, while Lu Xiaoman showed a detached attitude towards the secular world because of Xu Zhimo's death.
Lin, a talented woman from Peking University in the Republic of China;
Lin (1904—1955), a native of Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, was the first female architect in China.
Lin Xiaoyao, Lin's grandfather, was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He was an official in Jinhua and Xiaofeng, Zhejiang. His father Lin Changmin graduated from Waseda University and is good at poetry and calligraphy. Former Chief Justice of Beiyang Government. Lin was born in Hangzhou. She moved from Hangzhou to Shanghai with her father Lin Changmin in 19 12, and her family moved to Beijing in 19 16. 1July, 920, I went to Europe with my father Lin Changmin, and visited London, Paris, Geneva, Rome, Frankfurt, Berlin, Brussels and other places. In the same year, he was admitted to St. Mary's College in London with excellent results. 192 1 Returned to Peihua Girls' High School. 1922 fell in love with Liang Sicheng, the son of Liang Qichao. From June 65438 to June 0923, he went to the United States to study with Liang Sicheng, and entered the Academy of Fine Arts of the University of Pennsylvania to study architecture. 1927 graduated with a bachelor of fine arts degree. 1928 married Liang Sicheng in Ottawa, Canada in March, and went to Europe to inspect architecture after marriage. 65438-0929 teaches sculpture history in the Department of Architecture of Northeastern University. Lin is proficient in English and has also taught professional English. Zhang Xueliang presented the award to collect the emblem of Northeastern University, and Lin's design of "Baishan Blackwater" won the prize. 1949 participated in the design of the national emblem of China, and 195 1 designed decorative patterns and relief patterns for the Monument to the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square. In addition to architectural papers, Lin also created a large number of literary works, including Ninety-nine Degrees.
193 1, she was hired by China Architecture Society in Beiping. The following year, I designed the dormitory of geological museum and Huilou for Peiping University. In the following years, she went to Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang and other provinces for many times, and visited dozens of ancient buildings on the spot, and published papers and architectural investigation reports such as Some Features of China Architecture, Miscellaneous Notes of Boxer Architecture, and Investigation of Ancient Buildings in Jinfen, and wrote a preface for the book A Case of Qing Dynasty Architecture signed by Liang Sicheng. This is an important reference book for the study of ancient architecture in China. In Lin's works, the architect's scientific spirit and the writer's literary temperament are seamlessly integrated. Her academic papers and investigation reports not only contain rigorous scientific content, but also describe and praise the exquisite achievements of China ancient architecture in technology and art in poetic language, which makes the articles full of poetic meaning. In literary works, the image of ancient buildings is often used as a metaphor. For example, in the poem "Deep Laughter", the sound of countless wind chimes rotating on the eaves of ancient pagodas is used to compare crisp and pleasant laughter, which is appropriate, novel and unique. Because she was proficient in arts and sciences, she showed amazing talent in architecture and literary creation, so in the 1930s, Lin, Bing Xin and Lu Yin became "three talented women in Fuzhou".
Wandering life and hard material conditions made her have a relapse of lung disease. Before she died, she read through the part about architecture in Twenty-four Histories, collected information for writing the Architectural History of China, and often worked late into the night. In the past few years, she helped Liang Sicheng to complete the first draft of Architectural History of China and the first draft of Architectural History of China in English, which initially realized their wish as students. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Lin family returned to Beiping on August 1946. 1May, 948, Tsinghua University's suburb of Beiping was liberated. The People's Liberation Army surrounded the ancient capital Beiping. Mr. and Mrs. Lin were worried and fidgety when they thought that countless magnificent ancient buildings with carved beams and painted buildings in the city might be destroyed by war. At the beginning of 1949, the military headquarters of the Northeast Field Army made a surprise visit and laid out a military map of Beiping, asking them to circle the locations of all important cultural relics and historical sites in red ink and protect them as much as possible to prevent the army from being forced to attack the city, which made Liang Sicheng and Lin very moved. At the request of the People's Liberation Army, they immediately compiled the National Catalogue of Cultural Relics and Ancient Buildings, which later evolved into the National Catalogue of Cultural Relics Protection. The cataloguing and protection of cultural relics protection units at all levels in New China began with Liang Sicheng and Lin.
In the 1950s and 1960s after the founding of New China, "bourgeois aesthetic retro architecture thoughts represented by Liang Sicheng and Lin" and "Beijing ancient city protection planning" were criticized many times. In this great criticism, ideology is the chief culprit, and Guo Moruo and others are executioners instructed by people. Liang Sicheng and Lin wept bitterly when they demolished the Ming city wall.
1950, she was appointed as a member of the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, and put forward far-sighted opinions on the overall planning of the capital city. With great scientific courage and the spirit of being responsible to the people and history, she opposed the wrong idea of demolishing city walls, towers and some important ancient buildings, advocated protecting the face of the ancient city of Beijing, and put forward a new idea of building a "city wall park", which can not only preserve ancient cultural relics, but also provide people with a place to rest. 1953 In May, Beijing began to brew the demolition of towers and archways, and large-scale demolition of ancient buildings began to spread in this city. Wu Han, a famous historian who was then the vice mayor of Beijing, undertook the task of demolishing the city wall. In order to save the only intact arched street in the ancient capital of the Four Dynasties from being destroyed by political factors, Liang Sicheng had a heated argument with haing s ngor. Because of Wu Han's remarks, Liang Sicheng burst into tears on the spot. Shortly thereafter, Lin and Wu Han also had a fierce conflict. Chen Congzhou, a professor at Tongji University, recalled: "She pointed at Wu Han's nose and roared loudly. Although she had a serious lung disease and her throat was gone, she was really affectionate in expression and atmosphere. " Today, the archway has disappeared with the cultural catastrophe, but Lin's roar will always surround every China scholar with bloody conscience. In this state of mind, Lin's condition deteriorated sharply and finally refused to take medicine for treatment. He vomited blood angrily and died on 1955. Wu Han was persecuted by the Gang of Four during the Cultural Revolution and committed suicide by vomiting blood because of the "Hai Rui dismissed from office" incident. As the saying goes, "you have to pay back when you come out."
As the central figure in Madame's Living Room, she is surrounded by admirers like the stars holding the moon. She is also the person who visited the ancient buildings with Liang Sicheng in the backcountry and in the deserted temple, regardless of serious illness. In her early years, she experienced the splendor of a famous family, and everyone admired her. After liberation, she was trapped on a farm, or she took the bottle to the street to make soy sauce herself. It is her vanity and yearning for the "bourgeois liberalization" lifestyle, and it is her insistence on staying in the motherland when she is poor and sick in middle age; Jealous with all talented women, romantic with all talented people, but able to bear academic indifference and loneliness. . . This is Arlene Yin Hui. No words can describe her beauty and belief.
To say something superfluous here, in my mind, there are only two perfect talented women, one is Lu Xiaoman and the other is Lin. Because only the two of them can interpret beauty, talent, conscience, strength and temperament so perfectly. Lu Xiaoman and Lin are unlucky. Although I was vain and eager to be sought after in the first half of my life, I was poor in the second half. In fact, as long as we learn from Guo Moruo, Xie Wanying and other literati, play politics and serve politics, their situation can be changed immediately. Lu Xiaoman is proficient in English, French and German. When translating for Gu Weijun, Lu Xiaoman was included in the diplomatic translation textbook because of his patriotic and decent diplomatic style. After Xu Zhimo's death, Lu Xiaoman compiled the Complete Works of Xu Zhimo alone, and spent the rest of his life in lonely and deserted paintings, in sharp contrast to the glitz and beauty of the first half of his life. It is so difficult to change a way of life, let alone fall from heaven to earth. Later, Lu Xiaoman repeatedly refused the temptation and funding of Hu Shi and others, and was immune to it. Lin was even more afraid of power, and her timid husband was so angry that he burst into tears, but she resisted the lion's roar and eventually vomited blood and died. It's a pity that the two talented women became friends because of well-known reasons, and finally died of old age, which is really a pity.