In papers, formulas are usually numbered according to chapters and order. For example, the formula number in the first chapter is (1. 1), the formula number in the second chapter is (2. 1), and so on. If there are multiple formulas in a chapter, they can be numbered in a way similar to (1.2) and (1.3).

At the same time, in the paper, each formula should have a clear reference, so that readers can refer to the definition and related content of the formula. Therefore, when quoting formulas in papers, you should always use numbers instead of text descriptions. For example, use "(2.3)" instead of "the formula about X in the previous chapter".

Finally, for the typesetting of the formula, it should be noted that the font size of the formula should be consistent with the text, the formula must be aligned in the center, and the line spacing should be adjusted appropriately.

As follows:

The paper format refers to the stylistic requirements and writing standards when writing a paper. Intuitively speaking, the paper format means that the paper meets the standard style and content requirements that can be made public. Papers are often used to carry out scientific research and describe scientific research results.

It is not only a means to discuss problems in scientific research, but also a tool to describe scientific research achievements for academic exchange. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers, etc. , collectively referred to as the paper.

A paper generally consists of title, author, table of contents, abstract, key words, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable. The composition order of the paper is: title, author, abstract, keywords, English title, English abstract, English keywords, text, references, appendix and thanks.

With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet, online query, retrieval and download of professional data has become an important means of scientific and technological information retrieval. For all kinds of full-text databases or abstract databases on the Internet, abstract index is an important tool for readers to retrieve documents, which provides convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval databases.