I studied Li Bai's later poems. We can find that with the development of science and society, the most important symbol of academic transformation is the retirement of generalists and the emergence of experts. People's division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, so that we can hear all kinds of expert names, such as dentists, weight loss experts, assessment experts, preschool education experts, brand planning experts, entrepreneurial guidance experts, and even instant noodle experts.
This inevitably reminds me of a sentence "A gentleman is not a tool" in the Analects of Confucius for politics more than two thousand years ago. The so-called "a gentleman is not a tool" means that "a gentleman is not like a tool (only for a certain purpose)", that is to say, he cannot monopolize a substance and a skill. Of course, in this era of knowledge explosion, we can say that people's energy is limited, and people can't become generalists. What we need to pay attention to in this era is "expert learning". It seems that modern people's views on generalists have also changed, just like their views on multifunctional objects-lack of trust.
"Expert study" seems to be more thorough in the study of things. We can imagine how exquisite instant noodles would be if a person studied them all his life. However, we can fully realize the disadvantages of overemphasizing "experts". Mr. Qian Zhongshu wrote in "Testimony": "People who are studying in Zhina seriously answer:' Dear master, learning more is professional knowledge. My late father devoted his whole life to the cause of China people. I have studied Chinese phonology for 40 years. What you are asking is the meaning of Chinese, which is beyond my research scope ... "Mr. Qian's writing is always humorous, but he says that the knowledge of zhina Studies is specialized, but it simply explains the disadvantages of" specialization ".
As far as our study of liberal arts is concerned, China has a tradition of "no distinction between literature, history and philosophy", but it is also difficult to separate them. For example, when we talk about literary works, we must talk about history and connect with aesthetic philosophy. Deliberately emphasizing "specialization" and pursuing "professionals" will inevitably lead to the lack of knowledge.
The legacy of Kong Old Master Q more than two thousand years ago, in Qian Mu's view, "is still a general meaning, which does not change with the times." (1) What we need to study and think about now is how to cultivate a "generalist". Some people may say that our universities, especially liberal arts teaching, have begun to consciously integrate humanistic knowledge. For example, Peking University, the most representative city, has set up the "Yuan Pei Plan Class". After entering the school, students will not be arranged in the Chinese Department, the History Department or the Philosophy Department, but will be established separately, and then teachers from various departments of literature, history and philosophy will be invited to give them classes.
But what is the effect of this planned class? It seems that it is not very good, which will cause the embarrassing situation that students know everything and can't learn anything well. It seems that being too professional or too extensive is not enough. This "generalist" problem may be what we educators need to study now.
Qian Mu said in New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius: "Obviously, behind a keen knowledge and insight, there must be a living existence like human life. Otherwise, knowledge is only registered in the ledger, and learning is only trained into a machine, which destroys people's thinking and learning, and then human nature is lost and the world is endless.
You should think deeply. Perhaps this is the deeper interpretation of "a gentleman is not a tool" by money. In fact, as Qian said, the broad topics we are studying now, especially in middle school, are to "work hard" to train us into machines or register us in the books.
A gentleman is not a utensil, nor is he like a utensil (only for a specific purpose), nor can he be just a utensil like a utensil. This is indeed something worth pondering.
2. Write an 800-word argumentative essay on the topic that the brave are not afraid of the wise and the benevolent are not afraid of any of them. Once Sima Niu, a disciple of Confucius, asked how to be a gentleman. Confucius replied, "A gentleman is not worried or afraid." Sima Niu didn't quite understand and asked, "Can you tell a gentleman not to worry or be afraid?" Confucius' answer is: "If you introspect, what is your husband worried about?" In other words, if you have a clear conscience, what are you sad and afraid of? Of course, an honest person's openness is not only a matter of correct behavior, but also comes from people's inner moral quality. The ancients believed that a gentleman had three basic qualities-kindness, wisdom and courage.
Confucius said, "The benevolent is not worried, the wise is not confused, and the brave is not afraid." That is to say, if a person has a loving heart, a lofty life wisdom and a brave and strong will, then he is bound to have a good psychological and mental state, so as to be broad-minded and open-minded.
If you don't worry about yourself, how can you write "Fiona Fang can't be made without rules"? There are national laws and military regulations, and there are rules and principles for dealing with life. We must grasp the principles of discretion, one degree, one bottom line and going online.
To be a man, China's traditional thought takes the Confucian "gentleman" as the ideal standard, which is still the case today.
To be a "gentleman", you must first become a kind person with a perfect heart. The strength of a gentleman begins with personality and begins with the heart. My heart is rich, I have cultivated myself first, and then I am calm. The so-called "carefree" and the so-called guilt. We should use limited time and energy to criticize our hearts, not the outside world. A person who is strict with himself will be kind to others. We often say that kindness is not cowardice, but that he can tolerate and sympathize with many faults of others and put himself in others' shoes. To be a gentleman is to be the best you can be, to start from your side and become the perfect person in your heart according to your social orientation. Only by truly having a calm heart can we not be influenced by the ups and downs of life.
Confucius said, "A gentleman likes virtue, but a villain likes earth. The gentleman is pregnant with punishment, and the villain is pregnant. " What a gentleman cares about every day is his own moral repair. He always has an insurmountable rule and statute in his heart. A gentleman always pays attention to etiquette and respects morality and the legal system. Confucius, who is revered as a saint, respects, defends and salutes. Officials, people who lost their fathers, and blind people passed by him. No matter how young this person is, he must stand up. If he wants to pass in front of these people, he will run in small steps to show respect. This is the minimum etiquette. Just like each of us takes the overpass, the crosswalk and the red light, these seem to bring some restrictions to our lives, but when this restriction becomes mutual respect and social tacit understanding, we all ensure our own safety.
To be a gentleman, you must be honest. "Pride without contention, group without party." A gentleman, whose heart is solemn and inviolable, does not fight for himself, but never gets along with others and does not seek personal gain. For example, when many people are together, everyone's views will definitely not be exactly the same. When they explain their views, real gentlemen will listen carefully. He can understand and respect the rationality of everyone's views, and at the same time he can stick to his own. The villain will only jump out and say "yes, yes, yes" when the leader is not finished. It's really good. He has said a lot of praises such as "strategically located" and "foresight", and may turn to others and say, alas, what the leader said is so ugly that I don't agree at all! In addition, a gentleman is also "landless". A real gentleman associates with people on the basis of morality, so he will have many like-minded friends, and he will make all his friends feel very happy like oxygen in the air. A gentleman will not say that forming a small circle and forming a party for personal gain. The so-called upright person is upright, and the villain is often compassionate.
In the complicated society, it is easy for us to lose ourselves, grasp the principle of being a good man and work hard in the direction of a gentleman, and the society will make harmonious notes.
4. This article entitled "A gentleman complains about others" says that a gentleman neither complains about the sky nor complains about others.
this is
Confucius said it.
A true gentleman will never complain, nor will he complain.
Because a gentleman knows everything, except natural conditions, it is our own fault. Happiness is achieved through hard work and prudence.
Disasters are also caused by their own depravity and indulgence. So, whatever you get, don't pass it on to others.
Little people have no real realm of life. Once they encounter disasters or troubles and are in adversity, they can't stand it and complain, but they don't go against the sky.
Save it. Complaining about others will not only lead to no good results, but also make us stop reviewing ourselves and make the same mistakes in the future.
In fact, we might as well wake ourselves up when something happens. Why didn't it happen to others, but it happened to yourself? This is enough to explain the problem, at least.
It has something to do with yourself. Once you reflect on yourself and understand your own shortcomings, it's good to correct them. Maybe you will work hard to get out of trouble step by step! !
Complaining about others will only bring you worse results; Self-seeking will help you adapt to the environment and seek a better life.
Confucius said that a gentleman has nine kinds of thinking. Confucius said, "Man has five instruments, including mediocrity, scholar, gentleman, sage and sage." "Five instruments" are five grades. The author thinks mediocrity is too vulgar and doesn't want to associate with it. Saints are too "holy" for ordinary people to reach. We ordinary people can have the reputation of a gentleman and not waste this life.
First of all, a gentleman's character is noble. "A gentleman likes virtue, a villain likes earth; The gentleman is pregnant with punishment, and the villain is pregnant. " A gentleman always cares about morality, he has to think about whether everything is moral, and a villain cares about the farmhouse; A gentleman always thinks about criminal law and has the concept of legal system. Every time he does something, he always considers whether it is illegal, while the villain considers whether it is affordable. This is the difference between the two. Therefore, those who have certain rights to specifically consider profit are all villains. "Gentleman's righteousness, villain's benefit." A gentleman pays attention to "righteousness" on the issue of right and wrong, but a villain often forgets justice. "A gentleman is not a tool." Nothing else, just can't adapt to society. The gentleman "faces a big festival and cannot take it away." A person's integrity is very important. If his integrity is taken away, he will not be a gentleman but a villain. A gentleman is not worried or afraid. A gentleman walks the right path, is calm, and is not afraid of crooked shadows or ghosts knocking at the door at night.
Secondly, the gentleman cultivates self-cultivation. "A gentleman who is not heavy is not arrogant." If a gentleman is not solemn, he will have no prestige. Therefore, gentlemen often have a solemn attitude and do not behave casually and frivolous, thus establishing their own prestige. "A gentleman is proud of Thailand, and a villain is ashamed of Thailand." A gentleman is calm all his life, not arrogant and impetuous, not unassuming, but a villain is the opposite. The gentleman "eats without desire, and is safe without desire." But indifferent to fame and fortune. A gentleman loves money, which is desirable. The sentence is magnanimous, a petty man is anxious and worried.. 》。 A gentleman is broad-minded and fearless. Small people are selfish and narrow-minded, and often have worries. "The gentleman is wrong, such as the sun and the moon. If he makes a mistake, everyone will see it and even everyone will admire him. " A gentleman is not perfect, but people still admire him.
Third, a gentleman is diligent and pragmatic. Confucius said that "a gentleman should be work-oriented", that is, he should not haggle over every ounce and grasp the fundamental problem. They are engaged in legitimate occupations, pay attention to reality, and do not seek glitz. "A gentleman is not good at words, but he is quick to do things, talk less and do more practical things." That is, a gentleman is knowledgeable and a villain is knowledgeable.
In addition, a gentleman is good at being human. Gentlemen are "the same but different, and villains are different." "Same" means that he can unite most people, "comparison" means that he only colludes with people with the same smell. "
"The beauty of a gentleman's adult", a gentleman does good for others and can sacrifice himself to help others.
"The evil of being an adult". "A gentleman makes friends by writing", not a gathering of wine and meat. A gentleman "is a group, not a party", that is, he wants to get along with others, but he is not colluding. "The gentleman is harmonious but different, and the villain is not harmonious." A gentleman has an independent personality, stresses harmony and does not blindly follow suit, while a villain blindly follows or even flatters and does not talk about harmony.
Confucius said, "A gentleman has three precepts. When I was young, my blood gas was uncertain, so I quit. " It is also strong and bloody, and it is fighting; I am very old, and my blood is failing, so I should give it up. "A person is not lustful, does not fight, is not insatiable, and is close to a gentleman. In fact, gentlemen and villains are not born. I want to constantly strengthen my self-cultivation and be an elegant gentleman.
6. On the composition that the knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid: A few days ago, a gorgeous woman approached the prison auditorium of Qinghe Branch of Beijing Prison Administration. She is the author of The Analects of Confucius by Yu Dan, a famous cultural figure and professor of Beijing Normal University. Today, she will give a lecture here entitled "Finding the Soul and Moral Life". Thousands of police officers and nearly 10,000 prisoners were also listening at the sub-venue.
Teacher Yu Dan combined the essence of The Analects with Confucian classic culture and the psychological contradiction of prisoners, and explained it in simple terms. The whole lecture is devoted to re-guiding and encouraging prisoners' self-awareness and determination.
Today, we will extract the essence of Mr. Yu Dan's speech. I hope you will be inspired after listening. Teacher Yu Dan's theme is: the benevolent is not superior, the wise are not confused, and the brave are not afraid.
Yu Dan: You can't ask the outside world not to give us many setbacks, difficulties and tests. Today's world is complicated, and it is an era with rich and diverse choices. At any time, it is in a ups and downs of values, and there are even some faults. Today we can't make the outside world simpler, but we can make our feelings kinder. This is called benevolence.
Then a kind benevolence is the core of the whole Confucianism, so what does this word mean? Students also ask the teacher what is a person, and the teacher's answer is two words, say love. That is, kindness from the heart and kindness to others. Do you think this man is easy to do? To tell the truth, loving others is a very simple thing. I want to pursue benevolence myself, and when he arrives, benevolence comes to my heart.
I think he can come by doing so. Dan Qing: So how do the prisoners in the big wall face their melancholy?
Yu Dan: This kind of worry may be regret for the past or confusion about going abroad in the future. We may not know what kind of eyes and ways the future society will welcome us, including our relatives. But how can we make ourselves less worried? In the past, there was a saying among the common people that the prodigal son would never change his gold. In other words, when a person overdraws too much suffering in the first half of his life, he can deeply touch all the meanings of life, and the future he can win back must be the best he strives for with his heart.
Actually, I like this very much. I don't think you have any reason to commit any more crimes when you leave Qinghe. Who wants to put his limited time back on this big wall? Dan Qing: So how to be a kind person who doesn't worry? Yu Dan: How did the so-called benevolent people do it? The students asked again. The teacher said that people should love others, starting from the nearest place, how to do it, and what operational elements are there, which can be analyzed for us. The teacher said yes, and it was very simple. People can build the whole system by doing five things, which are called respect, tolerance, trust, sensitivity and interest. The first is respect. Since then, there has been an explanation that respect is respect.
We have all had etiquette classes, and we often say that you should pull the door and chair for others and let the old man go first. You can list the benefits of behavior, but these things will not be like if they are not done from the heart. True respect is a kind of inner respect, and you don't need to remember external behavior.
If you have it in your heart, pay deep respect to your parents' hard work. When you see an old man with white hair again, when you think that he is as hard as his father, you won't go that way with him. There is no need to tell you what to do. What is courtesy without humiliation? In this world, people are equal. If you respect others, they won't insult you. There are many people who are arrogant. They always feel that others have violated their own interests, and that society is unfair to them. They always think that if they meet each other, they will win more rights and interests and take advantage of the world. Such people are often the most humiliated.
Because of your excessive self-expansion, you infringe on the interests of others and damage the social rules. If you don't respect, you will incur a lot of humiliation. There is a saying called bring disgrace to oneself, many insults are not imposed by others, but brought by his own disrespect. Dan Qing: Yu Dan, to be honest, the second point is tolerance. If you are tolerant, you will get the widest happiness and love.
Yu Dan: So how can one be tolerant? The student asked the teacher a tough question. Can you give me a sentence that I can do for a lifetime? Just one word, let me benefit for life. The teacher thought about it and said that if you can only remember one word in this life, then remember this forgiveness, which means that forgiving others means forgiving yourself. We all know a folk proverb that hatred is a double-edged sword. When you hurt others, your heart will be hurt even more.
The students also asked what forgiveness is and how I can tolerate life by forgiveness. The teacher's explanation is also very simple, eight words, don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you.
Each of us guesses others with our own hearts, and don't impose what we don't like on others. We all want to be respected, so we respect others. We don't want to be deprived or forced by others, nor do we want to deprive or force others. Dan Qing: Mr. Yu Dan talked about the third word, that is, letter of credit.
Yu Dan: Actually, all our friends who serve their sentences here have problems finding their own jobs and making a living after going out. What kind of people can be truly recognized? People who promise their credibility with their dignity and personality. People with credibility often have the best career. In this world, we do many things with our brains, not with our hearts.
Is it necessary to do a good job if you have credibility? Confucius also has a standard, called sensitivity, that is, agility is fast and agility is meritorious. An agile person can make his contribution. What is Agile? Agility and keenness are actually based on wisdom, so Confucius once said (a gentleman is strict when he wants to be sensitive). In other words, a real gentleman doesn't have to say too much, but he must do things very quickly.
Dan Qing: This sensitive word is embodied in how a person grasps the present and grasps the present.
7. A gentleman does something and doesn't. Write a short article on this topic. A gentleman does something, but he doesn't!
Gentleman is really a very common word, and it has no gender difference. Anyone who can adhere to the virtues we should have can be called a gentleman.
So I really don't like some people seriously saying, "I'm not a gentleman, I'm a villain." Or "I'm a woman!" . In my opinion, this is just adding gold to one's thick skin.
What is a "gentleman"?
Those who are loyal to their country, filial to their parents, loyal to their brothers, take money wisely, do not hurt their parents, do not take away their daughters, know everything and do something. If there is something I can't do, I dare to do it and take responsibility.
Can be called a "gentleman"!
I may be a little stubborn in some ways, unlike my age. But I believe that there must be many people in this world who think like me.
I feel a little flustered these days, as if the standard of life was suddenly out of order. What I saw and heard made my mind tired. When I got up this morning, I felt a little pain in my shoulder. Maybe I didn't sleep well last night!
Last night, my husband sent a message saying, "I want to kill someone in anger."
I asked why.
He sent a message about a 18-year-old girl with more than 40 people around, but no one stopped her.
The husband said, "What is this world?"
This is a world that subverts ethics.
I read a girl's diary last night and said a very heavy sentence.
Chatting with a friend today, she smiled: "It's too late! It's over. "
I insist, I failed. When you write a diary, you don't have to care what others say. And I just told her what people would say about her behind her back. Others blame her, but blame her parents first. However, she can also choose not to care, as some people say. If she can.
My father is the headmaster of a primary school. He once said that when the Education Bureau held a meeting, he would mention the teacher's education for children. When I was a child, I was very naughty, so I was disgusted: "An individual is an individual. What does it have to do with parents?" Ask them to talk. "
Dad was extremely angry: "This is to remember that you are not just yourself." You are a person. If you enjoy so many emotions, you have to pay a certain price, that is, you can't do whatever you want. You are also responsible. "
When I was a child, I naturally didn't understand the weight of the word "responsibility". Later, when I grew up a little, I finally understood that the result of a person's behavior would radiate to my family. This moment reminds me that it is necessary to have my own personality, but moral things must not shame my family. There is no right or wrong in many things, only first come, first served. These may be incomprehensible to children of that age when they grow up.
Shopping with her husband in Xiahe Street, he found a mobile phone and chased it to others.
Play a joke on him afterwards: "Ah! ~ Why don't you hold it yourself? No one knows anyway! "
The husband said seriously, "What's the difference between that and stealing? But ask for a clear conscience! "
Hee hee, a bunch of nonsense, and I don't know if anyone can understand me.
Finally, tell a story:
Once upon a time, there was a fox fairy who became a human figure and had fun on earth, which made countless men in the world lose everything and fell in love with her. The emperor was furious and grabbed him and said, "You can't be a man in the end!" "
Fox Fairy complained, "That's because he is fickle and ungrateful by nature. Even without me, others will naturally lead him. Why is he so severely punished? "
Emperor: "without you, they want to talk on the phone, but they will live in peace with their families." But you led his evil thoughts out of control and caused innocent pain to his family, which should be severely punished. "
Fox Fairy: "Master Guanyin used to be a prostitute that day. Why can he? "
Emperor: "Master Guanyin came to earth in troubled times, which made people forget all kinds of troubles. This is a kind of redemption. How have you been there? "
Naturally, people in the world can't be masters of Guanyin, so it's better to treat others with your heart and keep your duty. As the saying goes, a gentleman does something but does nothing.
I wonder if anyone understands what I'm saying. ~