In August, 2009, the impact of the international financial crisis has not subsided, but a region along the southeast coast of China has begun to experience "recruitment difficulties". By the Spring Festival of 20 10, this phenomenon gradually spread to more areas and even some inland provinces. In February this year, a survey in Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security showed that 70% of the enterprises surveyed expected that there would be "difficulties" or "certain difficulties" in recruitment this year. According to the monitoring information released by Guangdong Province, the employment gap in Guangdong Province is about 900,000. Many enterprises were "cooking without rice" when they were affected by the international financial crisis, but now they can't find a "cook" when they wait for orders.
For the masses, the "rice bowl" is a major event. All kinds of troubles in the field of employment have aroused social concern. Tens of millions of migrant workers have returned home under the impact of the international financial crisis, and now there are "difficulties in recruiting workers" in some places. At the same time, many college graduates are caught in the dilemma of finding jobs. Many people can't help wondering: How should we view the current employment situation?
● How is the enterprise's "recruitment difficulty" formed?
The phenomenon of "difficulty in recruiting workers" has aroused heated discussion in society, and different people have different views. Some people think that the "difficulty in recruiting workers" shows that the employment problem of migrant workers has been "reversed"; Some people also say that "difficulty in recruiting workers" is only a temporary phenomenon, so there is no need to make a fuss ... So, how is "difficulty in recruiting workers" formed?
The "difficulty in recruiting workers" stems from the stabilization and recovery of China's economy, and the demand for employment has increased substantially. Migrant workers are mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in processing and manufacturing in the southeast coast. Most of these enterprises are mainly exporting, which is greatly influenced by the international economic situation. At the beginning of 2009, affected by the international financial crisis, the orders of enterprises fell sharply, and their operations were in trouble, which led to a large number of migrant workers returning home. With the improvement of China's economic situation and the recovery of the world economy, many factories have received more and more new orders, and the demand for labor has also increased accordingly.
The "difficulty in recruiting workers" stems from the fact that migrant workers return to their hometowns to find jobs and start businesses nearby. In recent years, the state has issued a series of policies to benefit farmers, increased support for the central and western regions, and greatly increased agricultural income. At the same time, the economic development in the central and western regions has accelerated, and employment opportunities have also increased significantly. If you deduct the relatively low cost of living, the actual income is not much different from working in coastal areas. Therefore, many migrant workers choose to find jobs and start businesses in their hometown after returning home.
The difficulty in recruiting workers stems from the long-term low wages and poor treatment of many enterprises in the southeast coastal areas. Migrant workers "vote with their feet" and leave voluntarily. The wages of workers in many enterprises in these areas have remained unchanged for more than ten years, and the phenomenon of long working hours, high labor intensity and poor working conditions is widespread. In addition, migrant workers cannot enjoy the same treatment as local residents in medical care, pension, housing and children's education. Especially, the new generation of migrant workers born in 1980s and 1990s have now become the main body of migrant workers in China. They have new requirements for employment environment, salary and development space, pay more and more attention to their own rights and interests, and dare to say "no" to enterprises with poor conditions.
The difficulty in recruiting workers stems from the asymmetry of employment information in a specific period. Due to the poor transmission channel between enterprise employment information and migrant workers' desire to go out to work, recruitment units and migrant workers cannot meet at the peak of supply and demand. This year, due to international demand, the demand for employment in enterprises surged around the Spring Festival. Migrant workers usually go out to work after the Lantern Festival at home, so it is easy to find "recruitment difficulties" during this period.
The difficulty in recruiting workers also stems from the fact that the professional quality and skill level of migrant workers do not meet the actual needs of enterprises. Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions are in urgent need of a large number of skilled workers and skilled workers, but most migrant workers lack the corresponding skills, which makes it difficult to recruit workers and find jobs.
However, it should be noted that the current phenomenon of "difficulty in recruiting workers" is only manifested in some regions and some enterprises, which is local rather than national, temporary rather than long-term, and has regional, industrial and structural characteristics. Generally speaking, the situation that the overall supply of the employed population in China exceeds demand will not change greatly in the short term. According to the calculation of population structure, in the coming period, more than 24 million urban laborers will need employment every year. However, under the condition of normal economic growth, only about120,000 jobs can be arranged every year, and the contradiction of labor supply exceeding demand is quite prominent. In 20 10, the number of new laborers entering the human resources market will reach150,000, including more than 6.3 million college graduates.
In addition, China's rural surplus labor force exceeds 654.38 billion+people, and about 8 million to 9 million people need to be transferred every year; There are still many unstable jobs among more than 200 million migrant workers. To do a good job in the employment of these key groups, the situation is grim and the task is arduous.
Therefore, we should not only see the positive significance of the phenomenon of "difficulty in recruiting workers" in promoting enterprises to improve their working environment, raise wages and benefits, and safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers, but also see that "difficulty in recruiting workers" does not mean that the current employment situation has improved significantly. It is difficult for enterprises to recruit workers and job seekers to find jobs, which highlights the deep-seated employment structure contradiction and will be further aggravated in the future. We should keep a clear understanding of the seriousness and long-term nature of solving the employment problem.
● Why do you want to do everything possible to expand employment?
Employment involves the livelihood and development of thousands of families. For China, a developing country with the largest population in the world, it is particularly important to properly solve the employment problem. China has a labor force population of nearly 800 million, which is equivalent to the combined labor resources of all developed countries. The special population and national conditions determine that we must implement an active employment policy, do everything possible to expand employment, and strive to get more workers employed.
Employment is related to the survival and dignity of individuals. The ancients said, "He who has no constant production has no perseverance." Only when a person is engaged in a certain occupation or a certain job and obtains economic income through labor can he obtain the means of subsistence, maintain his livelihood and improve his life. At the same time, workers can display their intelligence in their posts, enjoy the happiness of labor, experience the sense of achievement in creating wealth and value for society, and realize a dignified life and their own life value. It can be said that employment is an important prerequisite and basic way for one's survival, development and self-realization. Employment is related to social harmony and stability. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and living and working in peace and contentment is the basic premise of social harmony and stability. Only when people have jobs and a stable source of income and living security can people feel at ease, enhance their sense of belonging and security, and the society will develop steadily. Full employment is also conducive to reducing poverty, narrowing the income gap, promoting social equity and enhancing the harmony of interpersonal relationships. The development of many other countries in the world also shows that high unemployment often becomes an important reason for social unrest.
Employment is related to the healthy development of the economy. Employment is the foundation of economic development and a "barometer" reflecting economic operation. The continuous growth of the national economy and the continuous increase of social wealth are, in the final analysis, created by workers in different positions in all walks of life. If a large number of workers are unemployed, they are consuming wealth instead of creating it, which will inevitably weaken the vitality of economic growth. At the same time, only by achieving full employment and increasing people's income can we stimulate consumer demand and provide sustained impetus for economic development.
In order to achieve more full employment, in recent years, the party and the government have adhered to the development strategy of expanding employment, while maintaining rapid economic growth, and constantly increasing efforts to solve the employment problem. Especially since the end of 2008, in the face of the impact of the international financial crisis, a series of policies and measures have been introduced to stabilize and expand employment, making the employment situation better than expected. In 2009, there were 1 1.02 million new jobs in cities and towns nationwide, accounting for 1.22% of the annual target. The registered urban unemployment rate remained at 4.3%, which was lower than the annual target of 4.6%. It is extremely difficult to achieve such achievements under the circumstances of great changes in the international and domestic economic environment.
This year is a year of extremely complicated economic situation, and the employment situation is quite grim. In the post-financial crisis era, the international economic environment is more complex and changeable, which brings new challenges and variables to the employment problem. The foundation of China's economic recovery is still not solid, and the old and new contradictions and problems are intertwined in economic operation. At the same time, we are faced with the arduous task of changing the mode of development and adjusting the economic structure. If these problems are not handled well, they will have a negative impact on expanding employment. Moreover, at present, 30%-40% of newly employed people in cities and towns belong to flexible employment, and some employed migrant workers have unstable jobs and low incomes, which also increases the difficulty of maintaining stable employment.
At the same time, the long-standing "three encounters" of the labor force and the prominent structural contradictions in employment have made the employment situation more complicated. On the one hand, we have long faced the "three meetings" situation of youth employment, the transfer of surplus agricultural labor force and the re-employment of laid-off and unemployed people, which has never been seen in other countries; On the other hand, the overall quality of China's labor force is low, and a large number of migrant workers, including young migrant workers, can only engage in simple manual labor, while skilled workers, especially technicians and senior technicians, are quite scarce and cannot meet the needs of economic development and structural adjustment. These also increase the difficulty of solving the employment problem.
In a word, the special national conditions, complicated economic situation and outstanding employment pressure determine the complexity and arduousness of the employment problem in China. The party and the government have made it clear that expanding employment is the top priority to protect and improve people's livelihood, and promoting employment is the priority goal of economic and social development. We must make greater determination, make greater efforts and do everything possible to expand employment, which is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood.
● How to alleviate the employment pressure of college graduates?
Dongfang Steam Turbine Co., Ltd., located in Deyang, Sichuan, recruited six Tsinghua University graduates this year. The head of the company's human resources department said: "I have been in charge of recruitment for more than 20 years. This year, for the first time, more than 30 Tsinghua University graduates came to our company for job hunting. " To some extent, this reflects that college students' employment concept is undergoing positive changes and becoming more rational and pragmatic. Nowadays, "grassroots", "entrepreneurship" and "west" have gradually become hot words for college graduates' employment.
College graduates are valuable human resources of the country and high-quality fresh troops for modernization. Doing a good job in the employment of college graduates is related to the vital interests of thousands of families, the modernization of the country and social harmony and stability. This year, the number of college graduates reached more than 6.3 million, more than five times that of 10 years ago, reaching a record high. In addition, there were more than 7 million unemployed graduates in the past, and the employment situation was not optimistic.
On the basis of implementing and perfecting the existing policies, the Party and the government have launched a series of targeted employment promotion measures in time, implemented employment promotion actions for college graduates, and promoted the employment of graduates in all directions. Implement the "post expansion plan" to broaden the main channels for college graduates to find jobs in urban and rural grassroots, central and western regions and small and medium-sized enterprises; Implement the "Entrepreneurship Leading Plan" to provide integrated operations and services such as entrepreneurship training, project development and micro-guarantee for college graduates' entrepreneurship; Implement the "Employment Service and Assistance Plan" to provide free employment services for college graduates; Hold special activities such as employment service week and employment service month for college graduates ... These policies and measures are more and more detailed, more practical and more systematic, providing various channels and important guarantees for college graduates' employment.
Promoting the employment of college graduates is a systematic project, which cannot be separated from the joint efforts of governments at all levels, universities and the whole society. It is necessary to further intensify the work, take multiple measures and take a multi-pronged approach to form a strong joint force to promote the employment of college graduates.
For governments at all levels, it is necessary to implement the deployment of the central authorities and adopt more active policies to promote the employment of college graduates. It is necessary to incorporate the employment of college graduates into the overall local employment plan, put the current employment work in the first place, and strengthen overall arrangements. Actively deepen the reform of household registration, personnel and employment system, and clear the institutional obstacles to the employment of college graduates. Through the development of economy and various social undertakings, more jobs will be created, especially with the adjustment of economic structure, more intellectual-intensive employment opportunities will be created. We will implement various preferential policies for enterprises to attract college graduates, so that all kinds of enterprises, especially private enterprises, will become "reservoirs" for attracting college graduates. Improve entrepreneurship support policies, encourage college graduates to start their own businesses, and strengthen guidance, management and services for college graduates who participate in grassroots employment projects. Vigorously develop the human resources service industry, guide and encourage all kinds of human resources service institutions to actively carry out employment services for college graduates, reduce costs and provide convenience for college students' employment. For colleges and universities, we should take promoting employment as the top priority and strive to expand the employment space for graduates. It is necessary to fully implement the employment "number one" project, ensure that the employment guidance service is "three in place" in terms of institutions, personnel and funds, and improve the employment work system. Set up employment guidance courses, carry out entrepreneurship education and services, and strive to improve graduates' employment competitiveness and social adaptability. Actively adapt to social needs and changes in the employment market, intensify the adjustment of disciplines and majors, further integrate and optimize educational resources, strive to cultivate high-quality compound talents, and realize the transformation from talent supply-oriented to employment demand-oriented
For employers, they should actively assume social responsibilities and strive to attract college graduates to find jobs. At present, many employers tend to pay too much attention to high education and work experience, refuse female students to apply for jobs, and deliberately lower their treatment, which affects the employment of college graduates to some extent. Employers should establish a long-term vision and correct employment concept, eliminate gender, education and other prejudices, improve the employment mechanism, and actively absorb and reserve outstanding talents.
For college graduates themselves, it is necessary to enhance their confidence and effectively improve their employability. We should change our ideas, set up the correct concept of choosing a job, such as "employment first, then choosing a job" and "attaching importance to occupation and neglecting region", and consciously combine our knowledge and skills with the needs of the country and society. We should be brave in starting a business, make use of our high-level knowledge, strong working ability and learning ability, start our own business and open up a vast world of our own. We should practice "internal strength", actively participate in various social practice activities, increase social experience and accumulate work experience while studying hard and improving our knowledge level. We should keep abreast of employment information, master employment skills and seize every employment opportunity.
In addition, all sectors of society should make joint efforts to help college graduates successfully cross the "hurdle" of employment. Parents of students should guide their children to look at the current employment situation correctly, update their employment concepts and reasonably determine their employment expectations. The news media should vigorously publicize the policies and measures of the party and the government to promote the employment of college graduates, publicize the advanced models of employment and entrepreneurship in the western region and grassroots, and create a good public opinion atmosphere to promote the employment of college graduates.