South Korea and China are as close as lips and teeth, and China and South Korea have had political, economic and cultural ties since ancient times. Tea culture is one of the long-standing cultural exchanges between the two countries, especially as a link between Chinese and Korean cultural exchanges, which has always played an important role. China is the motherland of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. When tea culture originated in China spread to other parts of the world, it spread to the Korean peninsula earlier. The exchange of tea culture between China and South Korea has a long history, stretching for more than 1000 years. From the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, the custom of drinking tea in China spread from Bashu area to the vast areas of the Central Plains, and tea culture gradually developed from bud. At that time, the Korean peninsula may have been exposed to China's tea drinking, but there was no reliable written record, so it was ignored. The following describes the formation and development of Korean tea ceremony from Silla unification, Korea, Korea and modern and contemporary four periods. 1. During the period of Silla's unification, the custom of drinking tea became popular in China, and the tea ceremony-fried tea ceremony in China was formed and popular. Tea literature flourished, tea sets developed independently, tea painting and calligraphy began, and teahouses sprouted, forming the first peak of tea culture in China. ① Silla tea drinking began in the 6th and 7th centuries. Among the Buddhist monks who went to China in Silla, nearly 30 people were listed in the Biography of Eminent Monks. Most of them studied in China for about 10 years, and then returned to China to preach. Of course, they will be exposed to tea when they are in Tangtu, and they will bring tea and tea seeds back to Silla when they return home. South Korea's Golden FTSE Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms? 6? 1 Silla Benji said: "Tea is the king of goodness." The 27th generation of Shande Queen of Silla reigned from 632 to 647. Kim, a master of Pujue in the Korean era, wrote in the Legacy of the Three Kingdoms: "Every year at the age of 18, a glutinous rice is brewed with cakes, rice, tea, fruit and shame. And it won't fall every year. " This is the year when Sun Xinluo, the 15th grandson of Wang Jin Shoulu in Cairo, ascended the throne (AD 66 1 year). The temple of King Shoulu was enshrined in the Silla Temple, in which tea was sacrificed. Therefore, Silla will drink tea no later than the middle of the seventh century. (2) The development of Silla tea drinking is in the court. Most kings and princes in Silla depend on tea, which is the most important thing in sacrifice. King Jingde of the 35th generation (reigned 74 1-765) held a tea party outside the main entrance of the main hall on the third day of March every year, and distributed it to his subjects. In religious circles, Lu Yu, a contemporary monk, was good at tea. Every year on the third day of March and the ninth day of September, they prepare tea sets in the field of Sanhualing in Nanshan, Qingchuan, and offer tea to Maitreya Buddha. They sincerely talk about making tea for King Jingdezhen. Flower Langxian, drink tea and practice. In "Flower Lang", there are four immortals making tea in a stone furnace outside Putin's stage. Cui Zhiyuan, a scholar of Silla who was an official in the Tang Dynasty, wrote that he had returned to his hometown with China tea and traditional Chinese medicine. Every time he gets new tea, he will be in a good mood in classical Chinese, offering tea to Zen or feather-keeping guests, or drinking it himself to quench his thirst or forget his troubles. Cui Zhiyuan claimed to be a Taoist, but his thoughts tended to be Confucian, and he was honored as "Confucius in Haidong". (3) The Prosperity of Silla Tea Style? 6? 1 Silla Benji? 6? 1 Three Years of King Xingde "contains:" In winter and December, envoys went to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute, and Wen sent a banquet to Linde Hall. After entering the Tang Dynasty, Da Lian came back with tea seeds. Wang's mission was to plant them on the geographical mountain. Tea is the king of virtue, and as for this, it is prosperous. Before the 27th generation of Silla Shande, there was tea. Only in this way will it prevail. " In the third year of Wang Xingde, the 42nd generation of Silla (AD 828), Jin Dalian, the envoy of Silla, got tea seeds in the Tang soil and planted them on the geographical mountain. Tea drinking in Korea began in the reign of King Xingde in the early 9th century, and tea was planted. At this time, drinking tea mainly spread among the upper class, monks and scribes, and became popular among the people. (4) Silla's tea drinking method At that time, Silla's tea drinking method was to fry the cake tea popular in the Tang Dynasty. Tea is ground, boiled in a teapot and put in a tea bowl with a spoon. When Cui Zhiyuan was in the Tang Dynasty, he wrote "Xie Xin Cha Xiang" (see "Quan"), including: "Jinding boiled green milk, jade ou pan-fragrant paste is suitable", and described the method of frying tea. In the inscription written by Cui Zhiyuan for the founder of Shuangxi Temple (755-850 AD), he wrote: "I don't know what it tastes like to take China tea as a supply, stone pots as a reward and kitchen scraps as food." ? Just eat your stomach! Keeping the truth and vulgarity are all such things. From 804 to 830, Buddhist Jian Zhen studied in the Tang Dynasty. "Boiling into crumbs" means grinding tea leaves and frying them in a stone pot. When Cui Zhiyuan was in Tang Xizong, he was in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the method of frying tea was popular in the Tang Dynasty, so he brought it back to the Tang Dynasty after returning home. In the early days of Silla's unification, the tea-drinking custom in China was introduced and the tea culture in China was accepted, which was the embryonic stage of Silla's tea culture. However, at that time, drinking tea was limited to members of the royal family, nobles and monks, and tea was used to worship and worship Buddha. In the later period of Silla's unification, Silla imported China tea culture in an all-round way, which was also the development period of tea culture. Tea drinking spread from the upper class, monks and scribes to the people, and began to grow and make tea. Imitate the method of frying tea in Tang Dynasty when drinking tea. In a word, Silla accepted and introduced China's tea culture during the period of Silla's unification, and started the development of its own tea culture. Tea drinking was first spread and popular among court nobles, monks and high society, and began to grow and make tea, imitating the method of frying tea in Tang Dynasty. Secondly, during the Koryo period, in China, the tea ceremony was formed and popular, tea literature and tea set culture became increasingly prosperous, teahouses rose, and tea calligraphy and painting began to flourish, forming the second peak of China tea culture. During the Koryo period, influenced by the development of tea culture in China, the tea culture and ceramic culture on the Korean Peninsula flourished. South Korea's tea ceremony-tea ceremony was formed in this period, and tea ceremony was very popular among the royal family, officials, monks and Taoist priests and the people. (1) The tea culture of the royal family and the imperial court has two major festivals every year: the Lantern Festival and the Eight Customs Festival. On February 25th, a Lantern Festival was held for Sakyamuni, and Batong was dedicated to the gods. On 1 1 month 15 in autumn, the gods of the five mountains, the famous mountains and rivers and the dragon king will be sacrificed. The king offered tea to Sakyamuni Buddha and prayed to the gods. The birthday banquet of the prince, the canonization day of the prince and princess, the tea ceremony of the princess on auspicious days, and the tea ceremony of the banquet of the king and his subjects. Tea ceremony is also held in other ceremonies in the court. (2) Buddhist Tea Culture In Korea, Buddhism is the state religion, and the Buddhist atmosphere is flourishing, and Zen is flourishing, and the Zen style is greatly improved. China Zen Tea Ceremony was introduced into Korea and became the mainstream of Korean Buddhist tea ceremony. In the Tang Dynasty, the Clear Rules of Baizhang formulated by Zen Master Huaihai in China, the Clear Rules of Zen Garden in the Song Dynasty, the Clear Rules of Xiubaizhang and the Clear Rules of Zen Forest in the Yuan Dynasty were spread to South Korea, and Korean monks followed the tea ceremony in the Clear Rules of China Zen Sect and established the Buddhist tea ceremony in South Korea. For example, the "Eight Zhengchan Tea Ceremony" that has been passed down to this day is centered on the tea ceremony and supplemented by tea art. The performer sits on the floor and pays attention to the position and orientation. The obvious difference between Koryo dynasty and Silla period lies not only in offering tea to Buddha, but also in monks using tea ceremony in their own practice. True Buddhists want to understand Zhao Zhou's purpose of "having tea", and his Tea Tone says: "The whistling disappears, and the fragrance of boiling tea scatters the wind. I just got off at Baiyun Mountain and have joined Mr. Weng in buddhist nun. " Li Kuibao (1168-1241), a famous Korean poet, scholar and master of tea ceremony, also associated meditation with drinking tea. His poems include: "The Buddhist temple closed for meditation another day, and several volumes of mysterious books explored the profound purpose. Although I am old, I can still draw water from my hands. One euro is the beginning of meditation. ..... "shows the spirit of Zen tea blindly. (3) In the late Koryo period of Confucianism, Taoism and tea culture, due to the unremitting efforts of Confucian scholars Zhao Jun, Zheng Mengzhou and Li Chongren, Zhu Wengong's family gift was accepted. Tea ceremony should be held in the ceremony of male crown, wedding and funeral ceremonies for men and women. The poem "Shi Ding Fried Tea" by Zheng Mengzhou, a famous tea man and scholar, said: "An old scholar who doesn't want to serve the country has no secular feelings when eating tea; Youzhai lies alone on a snowy night and loves to hear Ding Shifeng blowing. " As the main representative of Korean tea ceremony, the core of the Five Elements Tea Ceremony that has been passed down to this day is offering sacrifices to "Shennong, Yan Di, Cha Sheng", which has a large scale, a large number of participants and rich connotations. Taoist tea ceremony, burning incense, worshipping and then offering tea, originated in the Song Dynasty. (4) Ordinary people use tea every day. In the Korean era, ordinary people could buy tea to drink. They use tea in coronation, weddings, funerals, ancestor worship, worship of God, worship of Buddha, praying for rain and other ceremonies. (5) Tea drinking methods During the Korean period, the early tea drinking methods were inherited from decocting method in the Tang Dynasty; In the middle and late period, the tea-ordering method popular in Song Dynasty was adopted. In the sixth year of Song Huizong Xuanhe (1 124), Xu Jing, the envoy of the Song Dynasty, and his party visited North Korea. Later, Xu wrote the map of Xuanhe's mission to North Korea, which was lost and circulated. Its "Teahouse" notes: "The local tea is bitter and can't be eaten. Chinese preserved tea is expensive, and dragons and phoenixes give it to the group. Besides Tianyun, businessmen are also dealers. Therefore, in recent years, I like to drink tea, benefit tea sets, golden flowers and black lights, small flowers, silver stoves and soup pots, all of which are made of stolen porcelain. " At that time, cakes and teas in China were the most expensive, and tea sets and drinking methods followed the system of China. Hui Zong was the peak of tea ceremony in China, and Evonne himself was an expert in tea ceremony. He personally wrote "Daguan Tea Theory". North Korea accepted China Tea Ceremony no later than Hui Zong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Kuibao said in the poem "Thank People for Giving Tea House": "Cutting stone is an arc wheel disturbing one arm. ..... Develop Qing Xiang dust to benefit my son. " Grind green fragrant tea powder with a stone mill. Li Renlao (1 152- 1220) wrote the poem "Tea House in the Monastery": "No matter how late the ants are, the moon axe flies with jade. French opera is always really comfortable, and it thunders and snows on sunny days. " In the Tang dynasty, tea powder was used to stir-fry tea, which can be ground; Tea powder used for tea ordering in Song Dynasty must be ground. Therefore, it was well known that tea was popular in Korea at that time. During the Koryo period, tea culture flourished on the Korean peninsula, with fried tea ceremony popular in the early stage and tea ceremony popular in the middle and late stage. Tea culture is also extremely brilliant and affects Japan. After absorbing and digesting China's tea culture, South Korea began to form a tea culture with its own national characteristics, and the tea ceremony is its representative. In short, in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, after absorbing and digesting China's tea culture, South Korea began to form a tea culture with national characteristics, and the tea ceremony was one of the representatives. The Koryo period was the most glorious period of tea culture on the Korean Peninsula.