Second, the examination requirements
The systematicness and rigor of mathematics discipline determine the profound internal relationship between mathematical knowledge, including the vertical relationship between each part of knowledge in their respective development process and the horizontal relationship between each part of knowledge. We should be good at grasping these relations in essence, and then construct the structural framework of mathematics test papers through classification, combing and synthesis.
(1) The examination of the basic knowledge of mathematics should be comprehensive and focused, and the key contents supporting the subject knowledge system should account for a large proportion, which constitutes the main body of the mathematics examination paper. It should pay attention to the internal relations of disciplines and the comprehensiveness of knowledge, and not deliberately pursue the coverage of knowledge. We should consider the problem from the overall height of the subject and the height of thinking value, design test questions at the intersection of knowledge networks, and make the examination of basic mathematics knowledge reach the necessary depth.
(2) The examination of mathematical thinking method is an abstract and generalized examination of mathematical knowledge at a higher level, which must be combined with mathematical knowledge to reflect the examinee's understanding of mathematical thinking method; Starting from the overall significance and ideological value of the subject, we should attach importance to general methods and downplay special skills, and effectively test candidates' mastery of mathematical ideas and methods contained in middle school mathematics knowledge.
(3) The examination of mathematical ability emphasizes "thinking with ability", that is, taking mathematical knowledge as the carrier, starting from the problem, grasping the overall meaning of the topic, organizing materials with a unified mathematical point of view, and paying attention to the understanding and application of knowledge, especially the comprehensive and flexible application, in order to test the ability of candidates to transfer knowledge to different situations, so as to test the breadth and depth of candidates' individual rational thinking and the potential for further study.
The examination of ability takes thinking ability as the core, comprehensively examines various abilities, emphasizes comprehensiveness and application, and conforms to the reality of candidates. The examination of thinking ability runs through the whole volume, focusing on the examination of rational thinking, emphasizing the scientific, rigorous and abstract thinking. The examination of computing ability is mainly the examination of arithmetic and logical reasoning, mainly algebraic operation, estimation and simplification. The examination of spatial imagination ability is mainly reflected in the mutual transformation of written language, symbolic language and graphic language, and in the recognition, understanding and processing of graphics. The examination should combine computing ability and logical thinking ability.
(4) The examination of practical ability mainly adopts the form of solving application problems. The proposition should adhere to the principle of "close to life, fair background and control difficulty", and the design of test questions should conform to the reality of mathematics teaching in middle schools in China, taking into account the age characteristics and practical experience of candidates, so that the difficulty of mathematics application problems can meet the level of candidates.
(5) The examination of innovative consciousness is an examination of advanced rational thinking. In the examination, we should create relatively novel question situations, construct mathematical questions with certain depth and breadth, pay attention to the diversity of questions and reflect the divergence of thinking. We should carefully design problems, examine the main contents of mathematics and reflect the quality of mathematics. Test questions that reflect the movement changes of numbers and shapes; Research-oriented, exploratory and open questions.
On the basis of examining the basic knowledge, mathematics subject proposition pays attention to the examination of mathematical thinking methods, the examination of mathematical ability, the display of mathematical science and humanistic value, the consideration of the foundation, comprehensiveness and reality of test questions, the hierarchy among test questions, the reasonable stipulation of comprehensive degree and the examination from multiple angles and levels, and strives to meet the requirements of comprehensive examination of mathematical comprehensive literacy.
Ⅲ. Examination contents
1. plane vector
Examination contents: vector, vector addition and subtraction, product of real number and vector, coordinate representation of plane vector, fixed point of line segment, quantitative product of plane vector, distance and translation between two points in plane.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the concept of vector, master the geometric representation of vector, and understand the concept of * * * line vector.
(2) Master the addition and subtraction of vectors.
(3) Grasp the product of real number and vector, and understand the necessary and sufficient conditions of two vector lines.
(4) Understand the basic theorem of plane vector, understand the coordinate concept of plane vector, and master the coordinate operation of plane vector.
(5) Grasp the quantitative product of plane vector and its geometric meaning, understand that the quantitative product of plane vector can deal with problems related to length, angle and verticality, and grasp the conditions of vector verticality.
(6) Master the distance formula between two points on the plane and the coordinate formula of the bisector and midpoint of the line segment, and skillfully use it. Master the translation formula.
2. Set and simple logic
Examination content: set, subset, complement set, intersection and union set.
Logical connectives. Four propositions. Sufficient conditions and necessary conditions.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the concepts of set, subset, complement set, intersection set and union set, understand the meaning of empty set and complete set, understand the meaning of ownership, inclusion and equality, master relevant terms and symbols, and use them to correctly represent some simple sets.
(2) Understand the meanings of logical conjunctions "OR", "Qi" and "Fei", understand the four propositions and their relationships, and master the meanings of sufficient conditions, necessary conditions and necessary and sufficient conditions.
3. Function
Examination content: mapping, function, monotonicity and parity of function.
Inverse function. The relationship between function images of reciprocal functions.
Extension of the concept of exponent. Operational properties of rational exponential powers. Exponential function.
Logarithm Operational properties of logarithm. Logarithmic function.
Application of functions.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the concepts of mapping and function.
(2) Understand the concepts of monotonicity and parity of functions, and master the judgment methods of monotonicity and parity of some simple functions.
(3) Understanding the concept of inverse function and the relationship between function images which are mutually inverse functions, we will find the inverse functions of some simple functions.
(4) Understand the concept of fractional exponential power, master the operational properties of rational exponential power, and master the concept, image and properties of exponential function.
(5) Understand the concept of logarithm and master the operational nature of logarithm; Master the concept, image and properties of logarithmic function.
(6) We can use the properties of function, exponential function and logarithmic function to solve some simple practical problems.
4. Inequality
Examination contents: inequality, its basic properties, its proof, its solution and inequality with absolute value.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the nature of inequality and its proof.
(2) Grasp the theorem that the arithmetic mean of two (not extended to three) positive numbers is not less than its geometric mean, and simply apply it.
(3) Mastering analysis, synthesis and comparison to prove simple inequalities.
(4) Master the solution of simple inequality.
(5) Understand the inequality │ A │-│ B │≤A+B │≤A │+│ B │.
5. Trigonometric function
Examination content: the popularization of the concept of angle. Curvature system.
Trigonometric function at any angle. The trigonometric function line in the unit circle. The basic relations of trigonometric functions with the same angle are: sin2α+cos2α= 1, sinα/cosα=tanα, tanα cotα = 1. Inductive formulas of sine and cosine.
Sine, cosine and tangent of sum and difference of two angles. Sine, cosine and tangent of a double angle.
Images and properties of sine function and cosine function. Periodic function. The image of function y=Asin(ωx+φ). Images and properties of tangent function. Find the angle with the known trigonometric function value.
Sine theorem. Cosine theorem. Solution of oblique triangle.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the concept of any angle and the meaning of radian, and be able to correctly convert radian and angle.
(2) Understand the definition of sine, cosine and tangent at any angle. Understand the definitions of cotangent, secant and cotangent; Master the basic relationship between trigonometric functions and angles, master the inductive formulas of sine and cosine, and understand the significance of periodic function and minimum positive period.
(3) Master the sine, cosine and tangent formulas of the sum and difference of two angles; Master the sine, cosine and tangent formulas of double angles.
(4) The trigonometric formula can be used correctly to simplify, evaluate and prove the identities of simple trigonometric functions.
2009 College Entrance Examination Syllabus (Non-Curriculum Reform Edition) Mathematics (Text) (Compulsory+Elective 1) (2) 2009-0 1-22 15:475) Understand the images and properties of sine function, cosine function and tangent function, and draw sine function and cosine function by "five-point method".
(6) The angle will be obtained from the known trigonometric function value and represented by the symbol arcsinx arccosx arctanx.
(7) Master sine theorem and cosine theorem, and use them to solve oblique triangles.
6. Series
Exam content: series.
Arithmetic progression and his general formula. Arithmetic progression's first n-sum formula.
Geometric series and its general formula. The first n-sum formula of geometric series.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the concept of sequence, understand the meaning of the general term formula of sequence, understand the recursive formula is a way to give the sequence, and write the first few terms of the sequence according to the recursive formula.
(2) Understand the concept of arithmetic progression, master arithmetic progression's general formula and the first n summation formulas, and solve simple practical problems.
(3) Understand the concept of geometric series, master the general formula of geometric series and the first n summation formulas, and solve simple practical problems.
7. Equations of straight lines and circles
Examination contents: inclination and slope of straight line, point inclination of straight line equation and two-point formula. General formula of linear equation.
The condition that two straight lines are parallel and perpendicular. The intersection of two straight lines. Distance from point to straight line.
The plane region is represented by binary linear inequality. Simple linear programming problem.
Concepts of curves and equations. The curve equation is listed by known conditions.
Standard equation and general equation of a circle. Parametric equation of a circle.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the concepts of inclination angle and slope of a straight line, master the slope formula of a straight line passing through two points, master the point inclination formula, two-point formula and general formula of a straight line equation, and skillfully solve the straight line equation according to conditions.
(2) Knowing the condition that two straight lines are parallel and vertical, the angle formed by two straight lines and the distance formula from point to straight line, we can judge the positional relationship of two straight lines according to the equation of straight lines.
(3) Understand that binary linear inequalities represent plane regions.
(4) Understand the significance of linear programming and apply it simply.
(5) Understand the basic ideas of analytic geometry and coordinate method.
(6) Master the standard equation and general equation of a circle and understand the concept of parametric equation. Understand the parametric equation of a circle.
8. Conic curve equation
Examination content: ellipse and its standard equation, simple geometric properties of ellipse, parameter equation of ellipse.
Hyperbola and its standard equation. Simple geometric properties of hyperbola.
Parabola and its standard equation. Simple geometric properties of parabola.
Examination requirements: (1) Master the definition, standard equation and simple geometric properties of ellipse, and know the parameter equation of ellipse.
(2) Master the definition, standard equation and simple geometric properties of hyperbola.
(3) Master the definition, standard equation and simple geometric properties of parabola.
(4) Understand the preliminary application of conic curve.
Article 9(A). Straight line, plane and simple geometry (candidates can choose one of 9 (a) and 9(B))
Examination content: plane and its basic properties. Intuitive drawing method of plane graphics.
Parallel lines. The angle of a parallel side. The angle formed by lines of different planes. The common perpendicular of a straight line in different planes. Distance of straight lines on different planes.
Determination and properties of parallelism between straight line and plane, perpendicularity between straight line and plane, distance from point to plane, projection of oblique line on plane, angle between straight line and plane, triple verticality theorem and its inverse theorem.
Determination and properties of parallel planes. Distance between parallel planes. Dihedral angle and its plane angle. Determination and properties of the perpendicularity of two planes.
Polyhedron, regular polyhedron, prism, pyramid, sphere.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the basic properties of a plane, and draw a vertical view of a horizontally placed plane figure with oblique two sides. You can draw graphs of various positional relationships between two straight lines, straight lines and planes in space, and you can imagine their positional relationships according to the graphs.
(2) Master the judgment theorem and property theorem of two straight lines being parallel and vertical, and master the concepts of the angle and distance formed by two straight lines. For the distance of straight lines in different planes, it is only necessary to calculate the distance given the common perpendicular.
(3) Mastering the concepts of judging theorem and property theorem of straight line parallel to plane, judging theorem and property theorem of straight line perpendicular to plane, projection of oblique line on plane, angle formed by straight line and plane, three perpendicular theorems and their inverse theorems.
(4) Master the judgment theorem and property theorem of two planes being parallel, the concepts of dihedral angle, its plane angle and the distance between two parallel planes, and the judgment theorem and property theorem of two planes being perpendicular.
(5) Simple problems can be proved by reduction to absurdity.
(6) Understand the concepts of polyhedron, convex polyhedron and regular polyhedron.
(7) Understand the concept and properties of prism and draw a straight prism.
(8) Understand the concept of the pyramid, master the nature of the regular pyramid, and draw a direct view of the regular pyramid.
(9) Understand the concept of the ball, master the properties of the ball, and master the surface area formula and volume formula of the ball.
Article 9 (b). Straight line, plane, simple geometry
Examination content: plane and its basic properties. Intuitive drawing method of plane graphics.
Parallel lines.
Determination and properties of parallelism between straight lines and planes, determination of verticality between straight lines and planes, triple verticality theorem and its inverse theorem.
The positional relationship between two planes.
Space vector and its addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Coordinate representation of space vector. Quantity product of space vector.
Direction vector of straight line, angle formed by non-planar straight line, common perpendicular of non-planar straight line, and distance of non-planar straight line.
Verticality of straight line and plane, normal vector of plane, distance from point to plane, angle between straight line and plane, projection of vector on plane.
Determination and properties of parallel planes. Distance between parallel planes. Dihedral angle and its plane angle. Determination and properties of two planes being perpendicular.
Polyhedron Regular polyhedron Prism. Pyramid. Ball.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the basic properties of the plane, and draw a vertical view of the horizontally placed plane figure through oblique survey. Can draw the graphs of various positional relationships between two straight lines in space, straight lines and planes, and imagine their positional relationships according to the graphs.
(2) Mastering the judging theorem and property theorem of parallel lines and planes, judging theorem of perpendicular lines and planes, three perpendicular lines theorem and its inverse theorem.
(3) Understand the concept of space vector and master the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of space vector.
(4) Understand the basic theorem of space vector, understand the concept of space vector coordinates, and master the coordinate operation of space vector.
(5) Master the definition and properties of the product of space vector, the calculation formula of the product of space vector in rectangular coordinates, and the calculation formula of the distance between two points in space.
(6) Understand the concepts of the direction vector of a straight line, the normal vector of a plane and the projection of the vector on the plane.
(7) Master the concepts of angles and distances formed by straight lines, straight lines and planes, and planes and planes. For the distance of straight lines in different planes, we only need to calculate the distance given by the common perpendicular or the distance in the coordinate representation, master the property theorem of the perpendicularity between straight lines and planes, and master the judgment theorem and property theorem of the parallelism and perpendicularity between two planes.
(8) Understand the concepts of polyhedron and convex polyhedron. Understand the concept of regular polyhedron.
(9) Understand the concept and properties of prism and draw a straight prism.
(10) Understand the concept of pyramids and master the properties of regular pyramids. You can draw a regular pyramid directly.
(1 1) Understand the concept of the ball, master the properties of the ball, and master the surface area formula and volume formula of the ball.
10. permutation, grouping and binomial theorem
Examination content: classification counting principle and step-by-step counting principle.
Arrange. Formula of permutation number.
Combination. Combination number formula. Two properties of combinatorial numbers.
Binomial theorem. Properties of binomial expansion.
Examination requirements: (1) Master the principles of classified counting and step-by-step counting, and use them to analyze and solve some simple application problems.
(2) Understand the meaning of permutation, master the calculation formula of permutation number, and use it to solve some simple application problems.
(3) Understand the meaning of combination, master the formulas and properties of combination numbers, and use them to solve some simple application problems.
(4) Grasp the properties of binomial theorem and binomial expansion, and use them to calculate and prove some simple problems.
1 1. Possibility
Test contents: random event probability, equal possibility event probability, mutually exclusive events occurrence probability, simultaneous occurrence probability of mutually independent events, and independent repeated test.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the regularity and probability of random events.
(2) Knowing the significance of the probability of equal possibility events, we use the basic formula of permutation and combination to calculate the probability of some equal possibility events.
(3) In order to understand the meaning of mutually exclusive events and independent events, we will use mutually exclusive events's probability addition formula and independent event probability multiplication formula to calculate the probability of some events.
(4) Calculate the probability that the event happens exactly κ times in n independent repeated tests.
12. Statistics
Examination content: sampling method. Estimation of population distribution.
Estimation of overall expectation and variance.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the significance of random sampling and stratified sampling, and use them to sample simple practical problems.
(2) The sample frequency distribution will be used to estimate the overall distribution.
(3) The sample will be used to estimate the overall expectation and variance.
13. derivative
Exam content: derivative background.
The concept of derivative.
Derivative of polynomial function.
Study the monotonicity and extremum of function, the maximum and minimum of function with derivative.
Examination requirements: (1) Understand the actual background of the concept of derivative.
(2) Understand the geometric meaning of derivatives.
(3) Mastering the derivative formulas of functions y=c(c is a constant) and y=xn(n∈N+), we can find the derivative of polynomial function.
(4) Understand the concepts of maxima, minima, minima and minima, and use derivatives to find maxima and minima of monotone intervals, maxima and minima of polynomial functions and closed intervals.
(5) Using derivatives to find the maximum and minimum of some simple practical problems.
geography
Part I Physical Geography and Maps
1. Earth in the universe
(1) The earth is a celestial body in the universe.
The cosmic environment of the earth. The earth is an ordinary and special planet in the solar system.
(2) the relationship between the sun and the earth
General situation of solar system. The position of the earth in the solar system. The source of solar energy. Solar activity and its influence on the earth.
(3) Earth
The shape and size of the earth. Earth axis. Two poles. Meridian original meridian longitude. Equatorial. Latitude, latitude. Latitude and longitude network and its geographical significance.
The division of the eastern and western hemispheres. The boundary between the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere. Division of high, middle and low latitudes. Tropic of cancer South Arctic Circle.
Division of time zones. International standard time. Beijing time. Time domain application.
Direction, speed and period of the earth's rotation. Geographical significance of earth's rotation.
The direction, orbit, speed and period of the earth's revolution, and the intersection of yellow and red. The geographical significance of the earth's revolution.
(4) Space exploration
The significance of space exploration. The present situation of space exploration.
2. Atmosphere
(1) atmospheric composition and vertical stratification
The composition of the atmosphere. Vertical stratification of the atmosphere and its influence on human activities.
(2) Thermal state of troposphere and atmospheric movement
The heating process of the atmosphere.
Daily and annual variations of temperature. General law of temperature distribution
Causes of vertical and horizontal motion of the atmosphere. Three-circle circulation and the formation of pressure zone and wind zone. Relationship between atmospheric circulation and water and heat transport.
(3) Atmospheric precipitation
Time variation of precipitation. Distribution of annual precipitation in the world.
(4) Weather, climate and human beings
Characteristics of frontal, low pressure, high pressure, frontal cyclone and other weather systems. Main climatic types and distribution. The main factors affecting the climate. Climate resources such as light, heat, water and wind and their utilization. Harm and defense of meteorological disasters such as cold wave, typhoon, rainstorm and strong wind. Global greenhouse effect, ozone layer destruction and acid rain.
(5) Interpretation and application of graphic languages such as pressure, temperature, precipitation contour map and histogram.
3. Ocean
(1) Nature and movement of seawater
Distribution and variation of average salinity and temperature on the ocean surface. Distribution law of ocean currents. Influence of ocean current on geographical environment.
(2) Marine development
Main types of marine resources and their present situation and prospect of development and utilization. Importance, present situation and prospect of marine space development and utilization. China is adjacent to the sea, major fishing grounds, marine aquatic products and major saltworks.
(3) marine environmental protection
Major marine environmental problems. Main measures to protect the marine environment.
4. Land
(1) Composition and movement of land
Main rock-forming minerals. Three kinds of rocks. Composition and process of crustal material circulation and its influence on the surface. The main content of plate tectonic theory. The influence of plate movement on the surface. Types of land water bodies and their relationships. Water cycle in nature and its significance. The role of organisms in the formation of terrestrial environment. Formation of soil and its role in terrestrial environment.
(2) The integrity of geographical environment and the law of regional differentiation.
Integrity of geographical environment. Law of regional differentiation.
(3) Land resources and geological disasters
Characteristics of terrestrial natural resources. The influence of terrestrial natural resources on human activities. Exploitation, utilization and protection of natural resources on land by human beings. Characteristics of main terrestrial natural resources in China. Main geological disasters and their prevention.
5. Map
Direction and scale on the map. Commonly used legends and notes.
Altitude (absolute height) and relative height. Contours (depth lines) and topographic maps. Topographic profile.
Part II Human Geography
1. Human production activities and geographical environment
(1) agriculture
Agricultural location factors, main types and characteristics of agricultural regions. Distribution of main crops in China. Animal husbandry and aquaculture in China.
(2) Industry
Industrial location factors. The relationship between industrial development and location. Characteristics of different types of industrial zones. Distribution, characteristics and forming conditions of major industrial bases and industrial centers in China.
2. Population and environment
Population reproduction (1)
Main factors affecting population growth and distribution. The growth of the world population. The division of the world population. Population growth and distribution in China. China's population policy.
(2) Population and environment
The relationship between population and environment. Population growth in different regions. Environmental carrying capacity. Reasonable capacity. The significance of population control.
(3) Population quality and environment
Main environmental factors affecting the physical quality of the population. The influence of population cultural quality on the environment.
(4) Population migration and environment
Factors affecting population migration. The current situation and causes of population migration in China.
3. Human settlement-settlement
(1) Settlement Formation
The origin and development of villages and cities.
(2) the location of the city
The influence of natural, economic and social factors on urban development.
(3) Urbanization
Urbanization and its process. Problems and countermeasures in the process of urbanization.
(4) urban regional structure
Urban functional zoning. Regional structure characteristics of different cities. Reasonable urban planning.
4. Regional connection of human activities
(1) Main ways and functions of regional contact of human activities
The main ways of regional contact of human activities (transportation, communication, commerce, service industry, etc.). ) and its function.
(2) Transportation and communication
Main modes of transportation and their characteristics. Location factors of traffic lines and stations. The formation and development of traffic network. Main traffic trunk lines, railway hubs and ports in China. Urban road traffic network. The role of modern communication means and communication network.
(3) Commercial trade
Location factors of commercial center. Layout of commercial outlets. China is a major commercial center, a major import and export commodity, and a major trading country and region. International relations and the characteristics of contemporary finance and trade.
5. Cultural landscape
(1) cultural landscape
The formation of cultural landscape. The relationship between cultural landscape and environment.
(2) Cultural origin and cultural communication
Cultural origin. The main ways of cultural exchange and cultural communication.
6. Tourism activities and environment
(1) Tourism Activities and Their Functions
Characteristics of tourism activities. The role of tourism activities.
(2) Geographical environment and tourism
Tourism resources and their characteristics. The value of tourism resources. Tourism resources in China. Basic requirements of tourism landscape appreciation.
(3) Coordinated development of tourism activities and geographical environment.
Environmental problems in tourism activities. The scale of tourism activities should be adapted to the carrying capacity of the environment.
7. World political, economic and geographical pattern
(1) world political geography pattern
The multipolarization trend of world politics. Geopolitical cooperation and conflict in international politics.
(2) the geographical pattern of the world economy
The trend of world economic globalization. The influence of economic globalization on regional development. Regional cooperation and competition in international economy.
(3) Comprehensive national strength
Influencing factors of comprehensive national strength. Ways to improve comprehensive national strength.
8. Environmental problems faced by mankind and sustainable development
(1) Environmental problems
The emergence of environmental problems. Prevention and control of environmental problems. Environmental problems and protection in China.
(2) Sustainable development
Evolution of the relationship between man and land. Concepts and principles of sustainable development. China's sustainable development strategy.
Part III World Geography
1. General situation of world geography
(1) World Land and Sea
Distribution of land and sea in the world. Submarine topography. Land topography.
(2) Residents and countries in the world
Distribution of major races in the world. Countries and regions in the world.
2. Geographical division of the world
East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and North Asia, North America, Latin America, Oceania, Antarctica.
The location and scope of each district; Major countries and cities; Main regional characteristics.
3. Geographical characteristics of major countries in the world
Japan, India, Egypt, Germany, Russia, USA, Brazil, Australia.
The fourth part is the geography of China.
1. Territorial and administrative divisions of China.
Geographical location. Territorial composition. Administrative divisions.
2. Nationalities in China
A unified multi-ethnic country. Characteristics of ethnic distribution and regional distribution of major ethnic minorities in China.
3. The topography of China
General features of the terrain. Characteristics and distribution of various landforms. Influence of topography on natural environment and economic development in China. Distribution of earthquake zones and volcanoes in China.
4. Climate in China
Characteristics and causes of temperature distribution in winter and summer.
Distribution characteristics and causes of annual precipitation. Influence of monsoon activity on precipitation. Monsoon region and non-monsoon region. The main features of climate. Major meteorological disasters and their impacts on production and life.
5. Rivers and lakes in China
External flow area and internal flow area. Main rivers and their hydrological characteristics. The distribution of lakes. Major lakes. General situation of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Pearl River; Water system and hydrological characteristics; Economic significance; Development, utilization and governance. General situation of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal.
6. Regional differences in China.
Spatial position and basic characteristics of three natural regions in China. Differences within the eastern monsoon region. The influence of natural regional differences on human activities in China.
7. Northern region
Geographical location and scope. Climatic and topographic characteristics and their relationship with agricultural production and disaster prevention. Heavy industry base and energy industry base. Major cities.
8. Southern region
Geographical location and scope. Climatic and topographic characteristics and their relationship with agricultural production and disaster prevention. Textile industry and non-ferrous metal industry. Major cities.
9. Northwest China
Geographical location and scope. Climatic and topographic features. Characteristics of agriculture and animal husbandry production. Protect the grassland, desert control. Major mineral areas. Major cities.
10. Tibetan areas
Geographical location and scope. Alpine climate. Characteristics of agriculture and animal husbandry production. Energy and mineral resources. Major cities.
1 1. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province
Geographical location and scope. Characteristics of economic development. Topography, natural resources and major cities in Taiwan Province Province.
12. Land improvement and development in China
Causes, harm and treatment of soil erosion. Causes, harm and prevention of desertification.
Construction of large-scale water conservancy projects and comprehensive management of river basins. Cross-regional allocation of resources.
Problems faced by mountain development and comprehensive development approaches. Reasons for the existence of low-yield agricultural areas and its comprehensive management.
Conditions, problems and development trend of commodity agriculture. Significance of traffic construction to regional development. Difficulties and solutions in major traffic engineering construction.
Significance, problems and environmental protection of island sea area development. Problems faced by urban development and development mode of new urban areas.