1On June 28th, 924, Lu Xun visited Sun Fuyuan, a fellow countryman in Shaoxing, in the morning paper, which coincided with the presence of the writer Wang Pinqing. At that time, the National Northwest University founded in Xi 'an and the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education jointly discussed the establishment of a summer school and hired scholars and celebrities to teach. Wang Pinqing is the hometown of Fu Tong, president of Northwest University. After his introduction, the school invited Lu Xun and others to give lectures in Xi 'an. On the same day, Lu Xun, Sun and Wang attended a banquet for the staff of Northwest University. After agreeing to go to Shaanxi, Lu Xun made preparations for his departure. Shortly after the Zhou brothers broke up, Lu Xun officially moved out of Badaowan, and his mood was extremely depressed. I promised Northwest University to go to Shaanxi, not only to give a speech in summer, but also to find emotional material for his long-planned novel Yang Guifei, and also for fun. Lu Xun attached great importance to this outing. In the following days, accompanied by Sun Fuyuan, he went to the clothing store in Menkuang Hutong to order two "one summer and one feather shirt", went to Quanyechang to buy sundries for travel, and went to Xiqingtang for a haircut and a bath. Due to financial constraints, he also borrowed money from Sun Fuyuan, 86 yuan, and Xu Shoushang, 20 yuan, as the difference fee. Everything is ready. On the evening of July 7, the representative of Shaanxi Governor in Beijing gave a farewell dinner to Lu Xun and his party in the canteen of West Railway Station. After dinner, Lu Xun and others 13 people took the train to Xi' an, changed the waterway to Shaanxi, and went west along the Yellow River. They were very tired all the way. A week later, they took the bus 438+July 65, 2004, arrived in Lintong in the afternoon, arrived in Xi 'an in the afternoon, and stayed in the staff dormitory of Northwest University. Lu Xun's trip to Shaanxi is very rich in content, involving making friends, giving speeches, seeing the market, shopping, meeting friends, going to banquets, watching plays and so on. It can be said that I am very glad that you came and gained a lot. Today, people read his diary at that time and are envious. Summer speech. Going to Shaanxi is Lu Xun's first lecture trip in his life. From July 2 1, the summer school starts. In the morning, Lu Xun gave a lecture on "Historical Changes of China's Novels", which lasted for 8 days, 1 1 time, 12 hours, until the 29th. On the afternoon of the 30th, I gave a lecture to Jiangwutang for half an hour, and then I was invited to give a lecture to the army students, still talking about the history of novels. Liu Zhenhua, the warlord who ruled Xi 'an at that time, was the overseer and governor of Shaanxi Province, so-called "two seats". Lu Xun was very careful about the warlords in Xi 'an at that time, so he only talked about the history of novels and didn't talk about other soldiers. Lu Xun's speech in Xi 'an was recorded by Northwest University and then sent to Lu Xun for revision. It was printed in the Collection of Summer School Lectures (II) jointly organized by Northwest University for Nationalities and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, and later attached to the republished History of China Novels with the title of Historical Changes of China's Novels. The full text is about 20,000 words, divided into six lectures, which enriches the content of A Brief History of Chinese Novels. Lu Xun's lecture was well paid. He was paid twice and won 300 yuan. This is a gift from 300 yuan to Lu Xun, who just broke up with his brothers and had a hard life. After receiving the money, he immediately asked Sun Fuyuan to send it to the post office in 86 yuan to repay the trendy club (86 yuan borrowed from Sun Fuyuan before the business trip was borrowed from the trendy club), and he also generously donated 50 yuan to Yi Sushe. Yi Sushe looks at Shaanxi Opera. Yi Sushe, formerly known as "Shaanxi Lingxue Society", is a famous class of Shaanxi Opera with the aim of "assisting social education, enlightening people's wisdom and changing customs". When Lu Xun was in Xi 'an, at the invitation of Yi Sushe and his colleagues in the lecture group, he watched the full version of Double Brocade, The Great Filial Piety and The Moon and Man performed by the agency for five times. On the occasion of the 0/2nd anniversary of the founding of Yi Sushe, Lu Xun wrote an inscription "solo ancient songs" and made a plaque for Yi Sushe. These four words are typical representatives of Lu Xun's calligraphy style. They are unpretentious, free and easy, and become a gold-lettered signboard in the Qin opera world. Regarding these four words, the late Professor Shan Yanyan of Northwest University said: "When Mr. Lu Xun was a colleague in Yi Sushe, he stood on the standpoint of the common people, United artists, improved old dramas, brought forth new ones, wanted to sing and dance, wanted to be indifferent to the world, wanted to show his predecessors, expressed his feelings with entertainment, changed customs, sang exquisite skills and wrote magnificent works. Because of its name, solo ancient songs are praised endlessly. This theory is very. Lu Xun disliked drama all his life and often satirized Beijing opera. He also showed a kind of weariness in describing the social drama in his hometown, but he was so good at Shaanxi opera that he actually watched it five times in a short time. This is a good thing for Shaanxi opera. Wen Tao plays Lu Xun as a master of antiques, with a professional and unique vision. Every time I go to Xi 'an, I have a shortcoming. I have visited the market and antique shops with Zhang Mianzhi, Sun Fuyuan and Li Jizhi for many times, and bought two kinds of stone rubbings unearthed in Yaozhou (four statues of the old gentleman made by Cai family, a wonderful monument of Zhang Heshang), two pieces of folk music and one side of four mirrors in Bo Gu Hall, Zungu Hall, Nanyuanmen City and Nanyuanmen Home. Lu Xun's Taobao activities also shocked antique dealers in Xi 'an. For example, the real armor of Zungutang heard the news and came to you. Lu Xun bought him two Cang Gong tablets, two profile statues of the Great Wisdom Zen Master tablet and a Guanyin statue of Wolong Temple. Liu Zhenhua, the governor of Shaanxi Province, sent ten copies of Li Yanqin North and one copy of Li Er Quji overnight before he left. Lu Xun bought antiques in Xi 'an and spent a lot of money on 32 yuan. The money is not much, but the harvest is not small. So when he arrived at the front door of Beijing in the middle of the night in August of 12, "the tax customs saw a few small antiques, which were rare goods and difficult to handle. That was a long time ago, so he hired an automatic car to go home. " Buy specialty products. Lu Xun has a hobby of buying special products, which is an important part of Lu Xun's life interest. During his stay in Angola, he, Sun Fuyuan, Li Jizhi, Xia Fuyun and others often went for a walk in the nearby market to "see the market" and bought two banana fans, ten catties of oil wheat vegetables and a piece of silk and satin. Before leaving, Governor Liu also sent two boxes of Lycium barbarum, Fructus Lycii, Fructus Tribuli and peanuts, all of which are representatives of Ann. On the evening of July 23rd, Lu Xun and five or six colleagues went out for a walk and accidentally fell down. "I broke the brick, tripped and hurt my right knee, so I stopped." Even though I was injured and couldn't continue to "walk", he didn't forget to "buy some cake bait" on the way back, which made people laugh. After returning to Beijing, he excitedly rewarded Li Shenzhai, a colleague of the Ministry of Education who helped him buy a house and designed the "Tiger Tail" study, and brought a box of longevity fruit, a box of Lycium barbarum, a piece of silk and a copy of Yan Bei. In addition, Lu Xun also met with Peking University liberal arts graduate Wang Huanyou, a trainer from Shangzhou, Shaanxi Province, and other people who have the friendship of teachers and students in xi 'an, visited the former site of Huaqing Palace, the forest of steles, Dajigong and other historical sites, and took a hot spring bath. He also attended seven dinners, including a luncheon hosted by Zhao Qinghai, battalion commander of the Second Infantry Battalion of Song Jun's Fourth Road in Lintong Town, a dinner hosted by Liu Zhenhua, governor and overseer of Shaanxi Province, a dinner hosted by Zhang Xinnan, a lecturer of Northwest University, and a dinner hosted by Liu Yi Su She, governor. On the morning of August 4th, Lu Xun and his party left the East Gate of Xi 'an by mule car, went eastbound from Weishui, stopped against the wind for six days, and set off from Longhai Railway on August 10. On the way, because of the water accumulated on the railway tracks, they "walked two miles and got on the train again" and arrived in Beijing at midnight on June 12, ending this important long-distance publicity activity. The trip to Xi had a great influence on Lu Xun's creation, and one of the direct consequences was the bankruptcy of the novel Yang Guifei. Lu Xun conceived Yang Guifei from 1922 and told Xu Shoushang, Yu Dafu, Sun Fuyuan and Feng Xuefeng about Yang Guifei's manuscript. The idea of the novel is to describe Xuanzong's life scene by scene from the moment he was stabbed. According to Sun Fuyuan's memory, Lu Xun also wanted to write Yang Guifei as a script. "The original plan is three acts, each act with a plate. I still remember that the third act was' Rain Bell'. " One of the motives of Lu Xun's trip to Xi is to prepare for the creation of the novel Yang Guifei, so as to enrich his manuscript of this novel which lasted for several years. As a result, I arrived in Xi 'an, but I couldn't find the shadow of Chang 'an in my imagination. Lu Xun said: "I didn't get any impression, but I broke my original impression!" " Lu Xun later wrote to his Japanese friend Yamamoto Chuzhi, saying, "I went to Chang 'an five or six years ago and wrote a novel about the Tang Dynasty. When I went, I didn't expect that even the sky didn't look like the sky in the Tang Dynasty. The scheme I tried my best to draw with fantasy was completely broken, and so far I haven't written a word. It turns out that it is better to copy from books. "Lu Xun's trip to Shaanxi also led to many essays and letters related to Shaanxi, such as Talking about Beards and Looking in the Mirror. In particular, the first chapter of Talking about Beards can be regarded as a summary of Mr. Lu Xun's trip to An: "I went to Chang 'an once this summer, and after more than a month, I was at a loss when I came back. My friend asked me,' What do you think? I suddenly remembered Chang 'an. I remember seeing many poplars and pomegranate trees and drinking a lot of Yellow River water on the way. But what is there to talk about? So I said, "Nothing." So he died, and I died anyway, ashamed of my' shameless' friends. The article evaluates the trip to An in this way: "Shaanxi people go to great lengths to prepare meals and spend money, and use cars, boats, mules and cars to give lectures in Chang 'an. It is almost unexpected that although I am a little thing that will never kill me, I refuse to express my opinions directly, and I will only' hum, hum, right'. They were simply cheated. " The author thinks that this is Lu Xun's inherent tone of self-mockery and ridicule, but this does not mean that he thinks that this speech has deceived Xi's audience. Lu Xun's most important aesthetic discovery in Xi 'an is reflected in Looking in the Mirror. He combined with the ruins of the Tang Dynasty he saw in Xi 'an, "Imagine how the Han people were released. New animals and plants, that is, without any taboos, are full of patterns. Tang people are not too weak. For example, most of the stone animals in front of Han graves are sheep, tigers, tianlu and evil spirits. On the Zhaoling in Chang 'an, there is a war horse with an arrow and an ostrich. The method is unprecedented. " From this, this aesthetic proposition is expounded: "Although the Han and Tang Dynasties had border troubles, they had great courage, and the people had the confidence not to be foreign slaves, or they never thought that they would be free if they took foreign things, and they never cared. Speaking of the fall of the supernatural, I am nervous and allergic. Every time I meet something foreign, I feel as if he is coming for me, pushing back, fearing, shrinking, escaping and shaking into a ball. I have to find a way to cover it up, and the quintessence of the country has become the treasure of kings and slaves. "Can be said to be penetrated. The trip to Xi is the only trip to the mainland in Lu Xun's life. From the steed with an arrow in Zhaoling, Chang 'an, he saw that "the courage of Han and Tang Dynasties was great after all", which was the biggest gain of Lu Xun's trip to Xi. He was also inspired by it and thought that he must "put down the measurement and boldly absorb the new culture as much as possible". He believes that the significance of this aesthetic discovery and theoretical proposition to the history of modern literature and art is far greater than the loss of an article.