(1), Introduction: Buddhism is a religion that originated in ancient India. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, it was introduced into the Central Plains of China. Emperor Hanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty sent envoys to the Western Regions to seek Buddha, and Buddhism gradually spread in China. The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties were unprecedentedly popular, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties were extremely prosperous. More importantly, Xuanzang's westward journey brought back a large number of Buddhist scriptures from the Indian Peninsula.

(2) Impact:

First, it has become a tool for rulers to paralyze and rule the people. At the same time, it has maintained social stability for a certain period of time, which is conducive to social and economic development. Buddhism advocates that the soul (spirit) can exist forever without the body and can be reincarnated in the afterlife. If people can endure hardships in this life and believe in Buddhism, they will be happy in the afterlife. This kind of propaganda is very deceptive and paralyzes the people's fighting spirit against feudal exploitation and oppression. Therefore, once Buddhism was introduced into China, it was quickly welcomed and supported by the feudal rulers and won the trust of the people.

Secondly, it has a far-reaching impact on the development of China culture. With the introduction of Buddhism, the medicine, astronomy, calendar, music, dance, painting and architectural art of ancient India (Tianzhu) were also introduced to China, which enriched the contents of China's scientific and technological culture and people's cultural life and promoted the prosperity of China's ancient scientific and technological culture and art; Buddhism-related architecture and grotto art have developed rapidly; Promoted the development of philosophical thought; Promoted the development of science and technology in China; It became one of the bridges to strengthen foreign exchanges in ancient China; In the later period of ancient China, it became a link for the central government to strengthen its jurisdiction over border areas and strengthen its ties with border ethnic minorities.

2. Islam

(1), Introduction: It was introduced by Arab merchants in the Tang Dynasty. In 65 1 year, after tuas (then the Arab empire) sent envoys to China, the contacts between the Tang dynasty and tuas became more frequent, and Islam spread faster in China.

(2) Impact:

First of all, related science, technology, culture and art were introduced into China, which enriched the cultural life of China people and promoted the development and prosperity of ancient science, technology and culture in China.

Second, it has promoted the development of China's foreign economic and trade exchanges.

Third, it has promoted the ethnic integration in ancient China, increased the members of the Chinese nation's big family, strengthened the strength of the Chinese nation, and enhanced the exuberant vitality and vigor of the Chinese nation to a certain extent.

Fourth, in the Qing Dynasty, it also became a tool for ethnic minority leaders to launch rebellion.

3. Christianity

(1), Introduction: Nestorianism, a branch of Christianity, was introduced to China in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the Tang Dynasty, the rulers adopted a more liberal attitude towards foreign religions, and Nestorianism was respected by the government. After the opening of the new air route, with the colonial activities of western colonial countries, Christian missionaries began to spread Christianity. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China also welcomed western missionaries, but they failed to obtain the legal right to preach in China. 1844, the United States first obtained the right to establish a church in the Wang Xia Treaty between China and the United States, and then France obtained the privilege of freely preaching at trading ports in the unequal Huangpu Treaty between China and France. 1858, and in the Tianjin Treaty signed by Russia, the United States, Britain and France, people from western countries were further allowed to freely preach in China.

(2) Impact:

First, relevant scientific and cultural knowledge, especially modern western science and technology and scientific and technological works were introduced into China, which enriched the content of Chinese civilization and promoted the development of science and technology in China.

Second, it promoted the rise of the people's revolutionary movement.

Third, it has become a tool for foreign capitalist and imperialist powers to invade China, further widening the gap between China and western countries and aggravating China's further backwardness.