China's maritime rights and interests and its maintenance of China's maritime rights and interests and its maintenance of China's maritime rights and interests and its maintenance of China's maritime rights and interests are rich in marine natural resources in the world, which is the cradle of life and the birthplace of human civilization. People are increasingly aware that the ocean is the second space for human existence and an important field of sustainable development. 2 1 century is the century of the ocean, and the ocean is no longer the prediction of scientists, but the reality being implemented. Therefore, all coastal countries in the world attach great importance to safeguarding their maritime rights and interests. This has triggered a new competition for marine islands and marine land (including inland sea, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, high seas, continental shelf, etc.). ), marine resources and ocean passages have focused the world's hot spots on the ocean, and the marine struggle has become more and more complicated. Maritime rights and interests are the general name of a country's maritime rights and interests. Maritime rights and interests belong to the category of national sovereignty and are some rights formed by the extension of national territory to the sea; Maritime interests mainly include economic interests and political interests. China is a big country bordering on the sea: firstly, the sea areas bordering China are Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea from north to south. Bohai Sea is the inland sea that goes deep into Chinese mainland, and the other three are the marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean. Second, the coastal area of China starts from Yalu River in the north, reaches Zengmu shoal in the south, reaches Diaoyu Island in the east, and reaches Beilun estuary in the west; Third, the coastline of Chinese mainland is about 18 thousand kilometers, and the coastline of the island is about 14 thousand kilometers; Fourth, there are more than 6,900 islands with an area of more than 500 square meters in China; Fifth, China's jurisdiction area is about 3 million square kilometers, accounting for about 1/3 of the land area, of which the territorial sea area is about 380,000 square kilometers. Ocean is not only the basic space for human survival, but also an important stage for international political struggle, and the center of marine political struggle is maritime rights and interests. Behind the increasingly fierce sea power dispute in the world is huge maritime interests. The ocean maintains many important security and development interests of the rise of the Chinese nation. These interests mainly include: defending national sovereignty and territorial integrity and resisting attacks and invasions by hostile countries from the sea; Safeguard the safety of marine resources that support the sustainable development of China's economy and safeguard the maritime rights and interests; Safeguard the safety of China's foreign trade maritime shipping channels, oil routes and major overseas interests. In addition, there are issues such as combating maritime terrorism, piracy, smuggling and transnational crimes, and creating a peaceful and good regional maritime security order; Improve the marine environment and maintain China's sustainable development and living space quality. There are many disputes between China and its maritime neighbors in the sea area of about 3 million square kilometers. Even the inherent islands of China have been openly occupied by other countries, which has seriously violated China's sovereignty and China's maritime rights and interests are being severely challenged. China's legitimate maritime rights and interests have been infringed by other countries, mainly in the following aspects: the division of the Yellow Sea: of the total area of 380,000 square kilometers in the Yellow Sea, 250,000 square kilometers should be under the jurisdiction of China, but on the issue of maritime delimitation, South Korea advocates taking equidistant lines as the boundary. According to this classification, South Korea can delimit 6.5438+0.8 million square kilometers, and the disputed sea area between China and North Korea and South Korea is 6.5438+0.8 million square kilometers. Diaoyu Island Dispute in the East China Sea: Diaoyu Island has been the territory of China since ancient times, and it is an inalienable part of China as well as Taiwan Province Province. China has indisputable sovereignty over Diaoyu Island and its adjacent waters. However, some Japanese built permanent buildings on the island in an attempt to seize the Diaoyu Islands. The Japanese attempted to seize the Diaoyu Islands in China and carve up the East China Sea west of the Diaoyu Islands with China. If the Japanese occupy the Diaoyu Islands, Japan and China will become * * * countries and can be divided into exclusive economic zones. These facts warn us to strengthen the concept of maritime territory and territorial sovereignty. Exploitation of resources in the East China Sea: The continental shelf of the East China Sea is a natural extension of China, and 540,000 square kilometers out of 770,000 square kilometers should be under the jurisdiction of China. However, due to the overlap between the two countries in delineating their exclusive economic zones of 200 nautical miles, the issue of delimitation of the continental shelf in the East China Sea surfaced. There are 6.5438+0.6 million square kilometers between Japan and China, and 6.5438+0.8 million square kilometers between South Korea and China. As a resource development project in the East China Sea, Xiao Chun oil and gas field is the first oil and gas field developed in Xiao Chun, Duanqiao, Canxue and Tianwaitian. Xiao Chun oil and gas field is located in the south of Xihu sag in the East China Sea shelf basin, 350 kilometers southeast of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, with an area of 22,000 square kilometers, equivalent to 2/3 of the area of Taiwan Province Province. The proven natural gas reserves exceed 70 billion cubic meters. The first phase was put into production in May 2003. Japanese media began to pay attention to the news that the Xiao Chun oil and gas field in the East China Sea was started in Japan. Then, Japanese newspapers such as Tokyo News, Sankei Shimbun and Yomiuri Shimbun published reports of "China's expansion to the East China Sea and exploration of oil and gas on the Sino-Japanese border", putting forward the so-called "straw effect"-"China's oil and gas fields will suck up oil and gas resources originally belonging to Japan like straws" and urging the Japanese government to "pay close attention to China's expansion to the East China Sea". With the clamor of Japanese media, the East China Sea issue began to surface. Division of South China Sea: China has declared a summer fishing moratorium in the South China Sea every year since 1999, but it has been seriously challenged by Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia. Vietnam and the Philippines not only said that China "has no right to declare a fishing moratorium", but also kept fishing in China, taking advantage of the fact that fishermen in China don't go to sea. On April 19, 2004, "Christina" Travel Agency under the Vietnamese Navy organized 130 tourists, including 40 specially invited officials, to visit Nansha Islands for the first time. On May 1 1, 2004, Vietnam will allow foreigners to participate in the Nansha Islands tourism. Vietnamese authorities claim that Nansha Islands are Vietnamese territory and Vietnam has the right to organize Nansha tourism. They also said that similar tour groups will be organized regularly in the future. China waters are contested by coastal neighbors, which fully shows that China's maritime rights and interests are being seriously violated. In order to adapt to the changes in the concept of maritime rights and interests of coastal countries and the new situation of international marine development and utilization, the international community has adopted the United Nations Convention on the Oceans after 20 years of efforts. 1On July 7, 1996, the Convention came into effect in China. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is conducive to safeguarding China's maritime rights and interests, expanding China's maritime jurisdiction, maintaining China's actual position and long-term interests as a pioneer investor, and maintaining China's image. However, the establishment of some new legal systems in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has made it more difficult for China to settle disputes over maritime rights and interests. To this end, the third generation of the party's collective leadership has further improved the strategic policy of resolving disputes over maritime rights and interests on the basis of "upholding sovereignty, shelving disputes and jointly developing" put forward by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. The dispute over global maritime rights and interests has intensified. In 2 1 century, China's social and economic development will depend more and more on the ocean. It is of great significance for China to understand the present situation of China's maritime rights and interests and actively and effectively safeguard China's maritime rights and interests. Therefore, China should unswervingly safeguard the legitimate trade rights and interests of the motherland. Ocean is not only the basic space for human survival, but also an important stage for international political struggle, and the center of marine political struggle is maritime rights and interests. Behind the increasingly fierce sea power dispute in the world is huge maritime interests. Maritime rights and interests are an important part of national rights and interests. Realizing maritime rights and interests is an important way to solve the problems of national population, resources and environment, and the only way for the national economy to take off and strengthen its national strength. Experience tells us that countries with weak maritime awareness lack sensitivity to maritime rights and interests and cannot be forward-looking and predictable. We can't figure things out without others realizing it, especially in accordance with the rules of the international marine game law, and strive for more maritime rights and interests for future generations. In addition, due to the weak consciousness, it is impossible to have a strong passion and impulse to safeguard the national maritime rights and interests. Even if there is, the intensity and intensity of the competition for maritime rights and interests are not enough to reach the ideal realm. Without systematic and correct theoretical guidance, it is impossible to realize the importance of formulating national marine strategy and marine policy, and the development of marine undertakings without strategic and policy support will often lose its way. The long-term discussion on the marine management system makes it difficult to introduce the reform plan of marine management institutions and waver. The main reason is the lack of support from modern ocean management theory. If the national marine management is step by step, it will be backward, contradictory and inefficient. In short, the importance of the ocean to all aspects of a country is indescribable, and it is imperative to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests!