For the client of the service, if what the client wants to write is illegal, it is to write for others knowing that the other party has violated the law.
Organized ghostwriting, if the circumstances are serious, constitutes the crime of illegal business operation. The understanding of "violation of state regulations" in the crime of illegal business operation, if an act does not violate state regulations, but only violates local laws and departmental rules lower than state regulations, certainly does not constitute the crime of illegal business operation. If an act violates the provisions of the state, but the provisions of the state do not make it a crime to be investigated for criminal responsibility, and the criminal judicial interpretation does not explain the act as a way of illegal business, of course, it does not constitute the crime of illegal business.
legal ground
Measures to prevent and deal with academic misconduct in colleges and universities
Twenty-seventh after investigation, it is confirmed that the reported person has one of the following acts in scientific research and related activities, which shall be deemed to constitute academic misconduct:
(1) Plagiarism, plagiarism or misappropriation of academic achievements of others;
(two) tampering with other people's research results;
(3) Forging scientific research data, materials, documents and notes, or fabricating facts or misrepresenting research results;
(4) Without participating in the research or creation, signing the research results and academic papers, improperly using others' signatures without others' permission, fictional collaborators * * * have the same signature, or many people * * * jointly complete the research without indicating others' work and contribution in the results;
(five) providing false academic information in the process of reporting topics, achievements, awards and job evaluation, and applying for a degree;
(six) buying and selling papers, writing papers for others or writing papers for others;
(seven) other acts that are academic misconduct according to the rules formulated by institutions of higher learning or relevant academic organizations and relevant scientific research management institutions.
Criminal law of the people's Republic of China
Article 284
Crime of organizing cheating in exams Whoever organizes cheating in national exams prescribed by law shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and shall also or only be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined. Whoever provides cheating equipment or other assistance for others to commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Crime of illegally selling or providing test questions and answers Whoever illegally sells or provides the test questions and answers specified in the first paragraph to others for cheating in the exam shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph.
Those who take the examination instead of others or let others take the examination as prescribed in the first paragraph instead of themselves shall be sentenced to criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also or only be fined.
Measures to deal with the falsification of dissertations
Article 7 If the dissertation of a degree applicant is purchased, written by others, copied or forged, the degree-granting unit may cancel its qualification for applying for a degree; If a degree has been obtained, the degree-conferring unit may revoke its degree and cancel its degree certificate according to law. The decision to cancel the qualification for degree application or cancel the degree shall be announced to the public. At least 3 years from the date of making the decision, each degree-granting unit shall not accept its degree application again.