The problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been related to the overall development of the cause of the party and the state. Building a new socialist countryside with developed production, well-off life, civilized rural customs, clean villages and democratic management is an important decision made by our party from the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause and the overall strategic situation of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Comrade Hu Jintao emphasized: "At present and in the future, to build a new socialist countryside, we must expand rural grassroots democracy, improve villagers' self-government, establish a system of making village affairs public, carry out legal education, and ensure that farmers can exercise their rights as masters of their own affairs according to law. "This has pointed out the direction for us to carry out legal popularization work in rural areas. Therefore, we must adapt to the requirements of the new situation and new tasks, examine the rural legal publicity and education work according to Scientific Outlook on Development's requirements, actively explore new methods and new ways, enhance the scientificity and effectiveness of the work, and provide legal protection for the new rural construction.
First, scientifically examine and understand the legal work in rural areas of our city.
After more than 20 years of legal education, especially since farmers were the focus of legal education for the first time in the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the publicity and education of rural legal system in the city has been deepened, and the leadership system and working mechanism have basically taken shape; Educational forms and work carriers are constantly enriched; Legal training for key personnel and the construction of democratic villages ruled by law have been further standardized, and remarkable results have been achieved in popularizing law in rural areas. Mainly manifested in: farmers' legal awareness and quality are generally improved, and the atmosphere of relying on legal rights protection is gradually formed; The concept of rural cadres managing and handling affairs according to law began to be established, and the ability and level of managing rural affairs gradually improved; The construction of rural democratic politics has been strengthened, and farmers' political participation and democratic rights have been gradually implemented; The deepening of grassroots governance according to law and the gradual improvement of rural legal environment have effectively promoted rural reform, development and stability, and laid a solid foundation for the construction of a new socialist countryside. But we should also see that rural legal publicity and education still faces many difficulties and problems, mainly in:
(a) uneven development of work
Judging from the overall situation of legal publicity and education, there is an imbalance between urban and rural areas, and the legal popularization work in urban areas is better than that in rural areas. From the perspective of rural legal publicity and education, there is an imbalance between regions, and economically developed regions are better than economically underdeveloped regions. For example, Binxian has invested heavily in rural law popularization, with an average annual special fund of 50,000 yuan; There are various forms of activities. In recent years, activities such as "legal caravan", "holding hands" and "legal movies going to the countryside" have been carried out one after another, which has promoted the smooth development of rural legal popularization in this county.
(B) law popularization is not targeted
The form of popularizing law in rural areas is relatively simple, and the methods adopted mainly stay in the planning at the beginning of the year, organizing several large-scale publicity activities and holding several training courses during the year, and summarizing them at the end of the year. In many places, there is "publicity for publicity", which publicizes legal provisions, ignores the actual needs of farmers and the cultivation of legal spirit, and is out of touch with learning and using laws.
(C) institutional settings do not meet the needs
For many years, the legal publicity work of counties (cities) was nominally organized and led by the leading group of the rule of law of counties (cities), but in fact the work responsibilities were implemented in the judicial administrative department (the same is true of our city). The leading bodies of all districts and counties (cities) administering districts according to law are a dummy organization, and his office and the legal publicity and education section (unit) of the judicial administrative department implement two brands and one set of people. This institutional setup lacks leadership authority, leadership strength and leadership prestige. At the township level, there is generally only one leader in charge of political and legal work, and the judicial office is responsible for the specific work. There is only one organization of village committee director or health director in an administrative village. For such a huge social system project, it is obvious that the establishment and organizational form of this institution are extremely unscientific, and it is difficult to be competent for the rural legal popularization work with a wide range and a long way to go.
(D) the working mechanism is not perfect
In recent years, in order to avoid going through the motions and achieve the expected results, the law popularization departments at all levels have taken the forms of spot check, year-end inspection, questionnaire survey and examination to test and supervise the law popularization work. This is only a qualitative assessment. There are many superficial articles and many formal contents, so it is difficult to evaluate them quantitatively. Lack of strong and authoritative legal publicity laws and regulations.
(5) Less capital investment.
The whole city 10 county (city) special funds for popularizing law 182590 yuan. Based on the current rural population of 2.78 million in 10 county, the per capita legal popularization fund is only 0.07 yuan, which is far from meeting the needs of work. Even with these limited funds, some places can not be earmarked for special purposes, which has affected the smooth development of legal popularization.
Second, the analysis of the causes of the problems in the current rural legal publicity and education
At present, there are many reasons for the above problems in rural legal publicity and education, both subjective and objective, both constrained by traditional culture and concepts, and also challenged and influenced by new situations and new problems in economy, politics, law and society under the new situation.
(A) the constraints of economic conditions
The basis of modern rule of law is market economy, and the basis of rural rule of law is rural economy. At present, agriculture in China is in the process of transforming from a self-sufficient natural economy to a socialist market economy and from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. The rural economy is relatively weak, far behind the needs of the market economy. The weak and backward economic foundation determines that rural legal publicity and education has insufficient innate demand and acquired development obstacles. The legal publicity team is not strong, the equipment is poor, and the propaganda means are backward, so it is difficult to achieve obvious results in the publicity activities. In some remote areas where the old and the young live in poverty, farmers live in scattered areas, live a relatively closed and self-sufficient life, have little demand for laws, have no urgent desire to use laws to regulate social life and various relationships, and have low enthusiasm for learning laws, so it is difficult to effectively carry out legal publicity and education.
(B) the constraints of traditional ideas
China's traditional culture is based on Confucianism, emphasizing the rule of man but neglecting the rule of law, ignoring the position and function of law, placing hopes on "honest officials", "sages" and "sages" for the quality of governing the country, and regarding law as a ruling tool. The rural areas of China are deeply influenced by the traditional culture of China. For a long time, a large number of laws in rural areas have been evaded by "patriarchal clan system" and "land policy", and the concept of contempt for laws has prevailed. It is a traditional common fault of China people, especially in rural areas, that more things are not as good as less things.
(C) factors restricting the overall quality of farmers
For a long time, the dual structure of urban and rural areas has made it difficult for farmers to enjoy the same public resources as urban people, such as education and culture. On the whole, farmers' low education level, low cultural quality and lack of legal education objectively restrict the improvement of farmers' overall quality. Since the reform and opening up, the enhancement of farmers' legal awareness in China has not formed a reasonable proportional relationship with the improvement of economic development level. In some areas, farmers' legal awareness has not been significantly enhanced with the economic growth and the acceleration of China's legislative pace, which is manifested in farmers' worship of power, vagueness of rights and obligations, indifference of subject consciousness and lack of legal knowledge.
(D) the concept of grassroots cadres constraints
Due to the limitation of geography and space, the influence of traditional ideas and the shackles of their own quality, there are not a few rural cadres who have a little knowledge of the laws promulgated by the state and have "pragmatic" thinking and practices. Individual village cadres are not enthusiastic about rural legal publicity and education. They think that after improving farmers' legal quality, carrying out legal publicity and education will increase their work difficulty. Some people even miss the past practice of relying on "rule by man", relying on administrative means and even simply and rudely managing rural affairs. Some grass-roots leaders take economic work as an excuse and take a negative attitude towards the popularization of law, which brings certain difficulties to the popularization of law.
(E) the constraints of the legal popularization team
Rural legal publicity and education is a long-term and arduous project, and those who need to engage in this work have the spirit of silent dedication and a strong sense of responsibility. We think that whether the economic conditions are developed or not has an impact on the legal popularization work in a place, but it is not a decisive factor. Practice has proved that, in economically underdeveloped areas, as long as the leaders and cadres of the legal popularization institutions can cheer up their spirits, make full use of existing resources, focus on the overall situation of the work, actively carry out legal popularization work, and promote "having a position" with "promising", the rural legal popularization work can still receive tangible results.
Three, to further strengthen the rural legal publicity and education countermeasures
To strengthen legal publicity and education in rural areas, we must break through the original inertia thinking mode according to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, innovate the system according to the actual situation, establish an effective working mechanism, and realize a virtuous circle of legal publicity and education.
(A) in concept, we should adhere to the people-oriented.
We should always take improving farmers' legal quality, safeguarding farmers' legitimate rights and interests and improving the level of rural legal management as the starting point and end result of legal publicity and education. In view of the fact that farmers have a large population, uneven educational level and uneven legal quality, the key breakthrough and classified teaching methods are adopted. At present, the most important thing is to do a good job in the publicity and education of village "two committees" cadres, party member and villagers' representatives, and improve their legal quality, ability and level of decision-making and management according to law.
(2) Content should be close to reality.
In view of the urgent need of building a new countryside and "Harbin ruled by law" and the practical needs of farmers, we should choose the laws and regulations that are most closely related to farmers' production and life as the focus of legal publicity and education. First, around the requirements of promoting the construction of rural democratic politics, with the Constitution as the core, we will carry out legal publicity and education on citizens' basic rights and obligations, enhance farmers' concept of unity in exercising their rights and fulfilling their obligations according to law, and improve farmers' awareness and level of participating in democratic management according to law. Second, we should focus on the requirements of developing rural economy, carry out publicity and education on agricultural production and market economy, cultivate farmers' awareness and habits of freedom, legality, fair competition, honesty and trustworthiness, and adapt to the requirements of developing rural economy. The third is to carry out legal publicity and education on maintaining stability, resolving contradictions and disputes and safeguarding legitimate rights and interests around the requirements of realizing rural social harmony, guide farmers to solve various contradictions and disputes according to law, express legitimate interests according to law, and promote rural harmony and stability.
(3) in terms of methods, it is necessary to strengthen pertinence.
Due to the scattered residence of farmers, high mobility, uneven education level and low overall quality, it is difficult for rural legal publicity and education personnel to concentrate, arrange time and organize activities. Therefore, we must aim at these characteristics of rural areas, innovate the ways and means of publicity and education, and strive to enhance the attraction and appeal of legal publicity and education. At present, it is necessary to vigorously promote the "law into the countryside" project and the "law collection" activities, make use of typical cases close to farmers' production and life as much as possible to carry out legal publicity and education, including legal affairs in news events, typical cases, legal affairs in people's lives and legal affairs in entertainment, further improve the interest and guidance of legal publicity and education, truly make legal knowledge and legal awareness deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and enable farmers to actively participate in legal publicity and education. We should be good at combining legal publicity and education with activities such as creating "democratic villages ruled by law", "peace village" and "civilized villages", so that legal education and creation activities complement each other. Give full play to the role of newspapers, television, radio, internet and other modern mass media, and smooth the publicity channels of mass media in rural areas.
(4) In terms of strength, we should integrate resources.
Attention should be paid to the integration of talent resources for legal publicity and education in rural areas. Give full play to the advantages of rural people's mediators, judicial assistants and grassroots legal service workers in understanding the countryside, being familiar with the countryside and going deep into the countryside, and carry out legal publicity and education; Attention should be paid to the integration of urban human resources. Mobilize and organize legal volunteers and relevant social forces to carry out legal publicity and education in rural areas, so as to form a good legal publicity and education situation in which cities lead rural areas and urban and rural areas develop as a whole; Pay attention to the integration of rural legal education resources, continuously increase investment in legal publicity and education, and set up legal consultation stations and legal libraries in towns and villages; Make full use of the positive role of wall newspapers, slogans, banners, tabloids, evening schools and other rural traditional legal publicity and education; Attention should be paid to integrating network resources and extending network legal education to rural areas. Conditional places can use legal publicity and education websites, distance education and legal service hotlines to carry out legal publicity and education, and form a multi-form, three-dimensional and full-coverage legal education network system.
(5) In terms of mechanism, we should strengthen leadership.
Efforts should be made to form a good pattern in which the leadership of the Party Committee, the supervision of the National People's Congress and all government departments work together to ensure the extensive participation of rural cadres and the masses. It is necessary to give full play to the role of agricultural departments and grass-roots organizations, establish a participation mechanism, and guide social forces to support rural legal publicity and education; It is necessary to strengthen the construction of rural legal publicity and education system and implement various measures including leadership mechanism, guarantee mechanism, assessment mechanism and supervision mechanism; Efforts should be made to open up new channels and solve the funding problem of legal publicity and education at village level. Under the new situation, rural legal education should completely change the conservative concept of "waiting for rice to cook", establish diversified sources of funds, and seek the synchronous development of legal publicity and education work and economic work. First, seize the favorable opportunity of building a new socialist countryside, improve the understanding of party committees and government leaders on this work, and increase the financial investment in rural legal publicity and education. The second is to seek corporate sponsorship. Under the condition of market economy, we should learn to use the laws of market economy to raise funds for rural legal education, such as using publicity network to publicize the products and corporate image of enterprises, and charging certain advertising fees to achieve a "win-win" effect between legal education and enterprises. The third is to take the road of payment. For some towns and villages with relatively high degree of industrialized operation, affluent life and urgent legal needs, legal education should be paid appropriately, such as collecting legal publicity materials and carrying out legal education activities.
In short, in the future, our legal publicity and education work in rural areas should be closely integrated with the major historical task of building a new countryside. According to the requirements of being close to the reality of agricultural production, farmers' life and farmers' vital interests, we should constantly innovate the legal education forms that farmers love and enjoy in order to provide all-round, high-quality and efficient legal services and legal protection for building a new socialist countryside.