1. Summary: In other words, short words cover the full text, embody the essence of the full text, and make people understand the meaning of the full text at a glance, which is fascinating and easy to remember.
2. Accuracy: the words should conform to the standards of medical terminology, accurately express the specific content of the paper, reflect the scope and depth of the research realistically, make the article pertinent and appropriate, and avoid the topic being too big and too small or outdated, such as "lung cancer care". There are many ways to treat lung cancer. If this article is about the nursing of preventing chemotherapy drug reaction during chemotherapy for lung cancer, then it is too big to use this proposition, which is not specific and accurate enough. Another example is that HBsAg has been widely used in international literature retrieval, and it is not appropriate to use "Australian antibody" again.
3. Novelty: The topic selection must be unique and innovative, unconventional, avoiding the same topic selection as the existing literature, and also attracting the attention of editors and readers. For example, "Nursing of leukemia chemotherapy", leukemia chemotherapy has become routine, lacking new ideas, and the content observed in this paper is about the nursing of lytic syndrome during leukemia chemotherapy. If it is changed to "Nursing of lytic syndrome during leukemia chemotherapy", it will be more clear and novel.
4. Concise: The words used in the title should be short and pithy, generally no more than 20 words, and should not be lengthy and complicated. Choose your words carefully, try to omit some non-specific words, such as "observation" and "research", and you don't have to write a complete subject-predicate-object sentence. However, it should not be too general or too brief, such as the care of Chinese medicine. Although the topic is short, it can't reflect the theme of the article. Try not to use punctuation in the text. The figures in the question should be expressed in Arabic numerals as far as possible. But it does not include numbers as adjectives or nouns. For example, the "twelve" of "duodenum" cannot be changed into Arabic numerals.
5. Basic format: the title should be written in the middle, and there is generally no subtitle. If necessary, you can use dashes to separate it from the topic and write it in the middle. When long titles need to be returned, we should pay attention to the integrity of words or phrases and write them in the middle to make them symmetrical and beautiful. 1. unit signature: the unit generally refers to the unit where the author worked. The signature of the unit should indicate the full name of the province and city where it is located, which is convenient for editors, readers and authors to contact. Generally, there are no more than 3 company signatures, and the signature position should be below the title. Before the author signs, write it in the middle and leave a space between it and the author's signature. The postal code should also be indicated before the name of the unit.
2. Author's signature: The author's signature must abide by scientific ethics and seek truth from facts. Signing is not only an honor, but more importantly, it means being responsible for the content of the article. The author of a thesis generally refers to the following persons: (l) the author and designer of the subject; (2) The main executors of the research; (3) Personnel who collect data and conduct statistical processing; (4) The main author and reviser of the paper; (5) personnel who can take full responsibility for the main contents of the paper and give a comprehensive explanation and defense.
3. Precautions for signature: (l) The number of signatures of the authors of each article is generally no more than 6, and they are only allowed to participate in the main work; (2) The order of the authors' signatures depends on their contribution to the work. Usually, the first author should be the main designer and implementer of the research work and the main author of the paper. When signing a contract, you shouldn't engage in a relationship of no effort or care. If there is any objection to the author's signature order, it should be changed with the consent of the main author. Instructors are generally listed at the end, or "thank you" is indicated at the end of the article, but they all need their consent; (3) Before the paper is published, if the participating researchers have been transferred to other units (such as interns). ), they can put a symbol in the last upper right corner of the signature and explain it in the footnote on the same page; (4) The signature must be the real name. Pen names, pen names and pseudonyms are not allowed to show the responsibility of writing. If it is a collective achievement, the name of the writer or organizer should be given before the reference at the end of the article, which is convenient for readers to consult and contact. Usually placed before the text, its main function is to provide information, so that readers can have a general understanding of the content of the paper in the shortest time, so as to decide whether it is necessary to read the full text and facilitate document retrieval.
1. The abstract should briefly explain the purpose of this study (research purpose and problems to be solved), basic steps and methods (research object, research approach, experimental scope, analytical methods, etc. ), main findings (important data and their statistical significance) and conclusions (key arguments), as well as experiences, lessons and application value. Pay attention to the innovation and discovery of research work, which embodies the most distinctive content and uniqueness in the research.
2. It is not appropriate to use lists, drawings or references to write abstracts. Generally, it is not segmented and the content can be independent. Generally, the word 100-200 (accounting for 5% of the full text) is appropriate. General nursing science and technology manuscripts, such as work experience summary, case report, briefing, etc. , generally do not write a summary. After writing a summary, the article stopped writing a summary at the end.
3. The abstract should be placed under the signature and before the text, and it should be distinguished from block letters when writing. The word "summary" should be written in the top box, and a blank box should be followed by the summary content. Introduction (introduction, introduction, introduction, preface) is the introduction of the text, which is equivalent to the opening remarks in the speech. The introduction of domestic publications does not need a separate title. The introduction should outline the text and guide the reading interest. Before writing the introduction, we must first clarify several basic questions: What do you want to explain through this article? Is it worth explaining? What magazine will this article be published in or who is the reader of this article? We should pay attention to these problems when writing the introduction and even the whole paper.
The introduction should include: Why do you want to do this research? What is the theoretical or practical basis for setting the topic? What is the proposed innovation? What is the theoretical and/or practical significance? Telling readers why you want to do this research is the main content and purpose of the introduction, and it also includes explaining the theoretical and/or practical significance of this research.
When writing the introduction, we should pay attention to the following matters: ① The content should be unambiguous and the length should not be too long. Review the history, select the main points, and the background dynamics can be summarized in a few words, and it is not appropriate to quote too many references. According to past experience, the number of words in the introduction of a 3000-5000-word paper is 150-250. There is no need to emphasize past work achievements. Reviewing the author's previous work is only to explain the basis and motivation of this writing, not to write a summary. The evaluation of the value of the paper should be appropriate and realistic, and the expressions such as "initiative", "first discovery", "reaching the international first-class level" and "filling the domestic gap" should be used carefully. Because the initiative must have exact information. This can be expressed in a euphemistic way, such as "as far as the literature is concerned, there is no report" (3) Don't repeat textbooks or well-known content. For example, an article discussing whether vitamin D can prevent osteoporosis does not need to explain what vitamin D is and what osteoporosis is. The introduction only plays a guiding role and can explain the design of the study, but it should not involve the data, results and conclusions of this study, and should be less repetitive with the abstract and text. The result is obtained through experiment or clinical observation, and the conclusion is based on the result of logical reasoning to improve opinions. It is illogical to affirm or deny the conclusion in the introduction. ⑤ Introduction generally does not include a separate serial number and title. Materials and methods mainly explain the research materials, methods and basic processes, and answer the question of "how to do it", which plays a connecting role. Material is the material basis for expressing the research theme, and method refers to the means to complete the research theme. Materials and methods are the basis of scientific papers and the main basis for judging the scientificity and advancement of papers. It can make readers understand the reliability of research and provide information for others to repeat research.
The titles of data and methods are slightly different due to different types of research. Investigation and research are often changed to "objects and methods", while clinical trials use "cases and methods". The materials and methods of different types of research are not exactly the same. Experimental research should explain the experimental conditions and methods. ① Experimental conditions include source, strain, sex, age, weight, health status, selection criteria, grouping method, anesthesia and surgical methods, specimen preparation process, experimental environment and feeding conditions. (2) The experimental methods include the instruments and equipment, specifications, reagents and operation methods. (3) If the reagent is a conventional reagent, the name, manufacturer, specification and batch number may be indicated; If it is a new reagent, the molecular formula and structural formula should also be written; If preparation is needed, the formula and preparation method should be explained. (4) If the operation method is used by predecessors and widely known, just name it; If it is a relatively new method, it is necessary to explain the source and provide reference; If the method is improved, the basis and content of the modification shall be explained; For innovative methods, we should be careful not to mix the introduction of new methods with the new problems studied by this method in one paper. If the paper reports a new method, the specific steps of reagent configuration and operation should be introduced in detail.
In the materials and methods, it should also briefly explain what statistical processing methods and significance standards are used under what conditions, and if necessary, explain the calculation means and software name. The research results can be obtained by reviewing the data or materials obtained from experiments or clinical observations, eliminating the false and retaining the true, and then analyzing, summarizing and statistically processing the original data. Results are the core part of scientific research papers, and the success or failure of scientific research is judged according to the results, and conclusions and inferences are also drawn from the results. The achievement part can best reflect the academic level and theoretical and practical value of the paper. So this part of the writing should pay special attention. Results The writing of this part should be clear and reliable, with accurate data, concise text description and correct and reasonable chart design. The specific content of the results depends on the main body of the article. The results include recording the objective facts of experiments or clinical observations, measured data, deducing formulas, typical cases, obtaining images and so on. , but different types of articles should have different emphasis.
(1) For papers studying new diagnostic methods, special attention should be paid to whether the test results are compared with the recognized gold standard by independent "blind method", what is the consistency, and what are the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value respectively.
(2) The paper studying the clinical course of the disease should specify whether all cases have been followed up, how high the follow-up rate is (generally more than 80%), whether the external factors affecting the prognosis have been adjusted, and what the results are.
③ The articles on etiological research should pay special attention to the difference of results between exposed group and non-exposed group, whether there are results after exposure, and so on. The experimental observation records without statistical processing are called raw data. The purpose of statistical processing is to make the original data difficult to understand easy to understand and reveal some inevitable laws from the contingency of the original data. Therefore, the expression of experimental results generally uses statistical data to replace the original data, and it is not necessary to output all the original data. Relative numbers can be used for statistical data, such as percentage, but when the number of samples is less than 100, brackets should be placed after the percentage, and the number of reactions/samples should be indicated in brackets, such as 54.4 1%(37/68). If the measurement data conforms to the normal distribution, the average value+standard deviation (or standard deviation) shall apply; If it is skewed, it is generally expressed by median and full range. If comparing before and after or between groups, the values of statistical test (such as t, u, f, etc. ) and p value. The specific operation of statistical processing can be found in the statistical monograph, and will not be explained in detail here. Statistical terms and symbols shall be subject to the provisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) and national standard GB3358-82 on "Statistical terms and symbols". Discussion is the essence of the paper, the answer to the questions raised in the introduction, and the sublimation of the perceptual knowledge of the research results into the essential rational knowledge. During the discussion, the author expounded the internal relationship and development law of things through thinking, theoretical analysis and scientific inference of the research results, which enriched and improved the understanding of the research results from both depth and breadth. The level of discussion depends on the author's theoretical level, academic accomplishment and depth and breadth of professional knowledge. The contents of the discussion generally include the following aspects: ① A brief overview of the recent research on this topic at home and abroad, as well as the current situation of the conclusions and achievements of this study compared with the international and domestic advanced level. ② According to the research purpose, explain the theoretical and practical significance of this research result. ③ Focus on the innovation of this paper, and from what aspects the results of this study support the innovation. ④ Analyze and explain the limitations, shortcomings and doubts of this study, and explain the contingency and inevitability. ⑤ Explain the unsolved problems in this paper, and put forward the future research direction and problems. Not every paper must contain the above contents, but should focus on the research purpose of the paper and closely follow the theme.