The meaning, characteristics and function of investigation report
Investigation report is a written report written after on-the-spot investigation and research on objective things, and it is a style that reflects the results of investigation and research. Some are published in newspapers and periodicals, and some are used for government work.
The most important feature of the investigation report is to clarify the truth with facts, draw the truth from the described facts, and draw some scientific conclusions from the analysis of things. Some investigation reports summarized the successful experience of implementing the principles and policies; Some come up with effective ways to solve contradictions; Some explore the development law of things from typical anatomy and infer the development trend of things with superficial materials, which is conducive to better implementing various principles and policies.
The formation of correct line, principles and policies depends on a deep understanding of the present situation and history of all aspects of society; We should not only correctly implement the party's principles and policies, but also understand the actual situation of our own units in this region. It can be said that carrying out the Party's policies, fostering new things, setting up advanced models, popularizing advanced experience and correcting erroneous tendencies all require investigation and study.
Types of investigation reports
The types of investigation reports are as follows:
Investigation report on social conditions
Second, the investigation report of new things
Third, the typical experience survey report
Four. Investigation report on exposure problems
The basis of investigation report-investigation and study
Investigation is the basis of investigation report, and the quality of investigation is related to the quality of investigation report. Therefore, when writing an investigation report, we must pay attention to the investigation and research work.
Investigation and research should be prepared before investigation. First of all, arm yourself theoretically and ideologically, that is, learn the principles, policies and instructions of the superiors related to the respondents; Consult relevant information, intelligence, theory and data. Secondly, draw up the survey outline on the basis of the survey intention. The outline mainly includes: the purpose and requirements of the investigation; The object, main points and items of the investigation; The method, time and schedule of the investigation and the formulation of the questionnaire.
Pay attention to the attitude and style of investigation. We should strive to achieve the "eight precepts": the first precept is preconceived and subjective; Second, avoid being rough and cage-wide; Three precepts and heavy holidays, replacing trees with flowers; Under the temptation, it is partial and comprehensive, catching the wind and catching shadows; The five precepts are not diligent in hands and feet, and the five senses are ineffective; Six precepts: take a quick look at the flowers and watch the fire across the bank; Seven commandments for leading relatives and friends, cronyism; Mr. Bajie, Mr. Nice guy, please flatter.
We should pay attention to methods in investigation and research. You can directly investigate, that is, talk and ask the interviewee himself; Indirect investigation can be conducted, that is, understanding and investigating relatives, leaders and colleagues, units, departments or comrades who have dealt with him, and even people who have opposed him; Typical investigation method can be used, that is, catching typical, dissecting sparrows and qualitative analysis; You can use statistical surveys, that is, quantitative surveys, and so on.
Writing Requirements of Investigation Report —— From Things to Rationality
After on-the-spot investigation, it is necessary to screen out all kinds of first-hand materials that are true, specific, typical or reflect the whole picture and are valuable for writing reports from a large number of rich materials. Then, from things to reason, that is, from phenomena, facts, data and other materials, realistically summarize and refine opinions (conclusions) to command materials.
It is reasonable to grasp the facts flexibly according to different types of investigation reports.
The investigation report aimed at reflecting the situation mainly explains a truth and a policy with facts, and focuses on putting facts. After clarifying the facts, it is enough to briefly summarize the views. For example, a beneficial reform (People's Daily1984165438+10/0) investigated the opening of a regiment's health team in Beijing Military Region. Its purpose is to publicize the spirit of the central government's instructions that the army should vigorously support the country in developing the national economy with a large number of facts. Therefore, the full text is mainly narrative, which truthfully reflects the situation of opening clinics in various places, and finally summarizes four benefits, namely opinions.
For empirical and research investigation reports, we should make more use of logical reasoning, from fact to fact, fully explore the theoretical significance of the investigated things, form opinions, and elaborate them with its command materials. For example, the survey of examination system reform in Fengyang County (Guangming Daily1September 983 19) is divided into three parts. The first part puts forward the changes of rural economic structure after the implementation of the production responsibility system, and then points out that the original management system of the people's commune has hindered the development of productive forces and can not meet the requirements of economic construction, which has promoted the reform of the commune system and revealed the essence of things. The second part first expounds the contents and specific practices of the reform, then discusses the theoretical significance of the reform, and extracts the principles and characteristics of the reform. In the last part, we also adopted a practical and realistic approach, focusing on the political and economic significance after the system reform, making this investigation report more ideological and policy-oriented.
Structure of investigation report
Due to different types, contents and purposes, the structure and writing methods of investigation reports are also different, but they are generally written according to the following components.
I. Title
Before the text, you should draw up a title. There are usually two ways to write it: one is to use only the front title. This form can directly state what the investigation report is about, the central idea of the investigation report or the problems of the investigation report.
The other is the form of front subtitles. That is, the main points of the investigation report are stated in the main title, and the contents and units of the investigation are indicated in the subtitle.
The title of the investigation report must be eye-catching, vivid and lively, so that readers can see the meaning of the topic clearly.
Second, the text
The text is generally divided into three parts.
(a) the beginning, or preface, introduction, overview.
There are generally two ways to write this part.
One way is to briefly explain the time, place, object, scope, method and process of the investigation, so that readers can understand the general situation of the investigation report first. This kind of beginning itself has the nature of reporting and investigation, which is more common in the investigation and reporting within the work of organs.
Another way of writing is similar to news lead. It is a brief introduction to some problems related to understanding the full text, such as the situation, background, investigation purpose, problems to be solved, significance and so on. , thus giving people a general impression and playing a guiding role in understanding the full text. This kind of beginning is more common in investigation reports published in newspapers and periodicals. The specific writing can be flexible and diverse according to the needs of the content.
An investigation report introducing new things generally only points out the characteristics of the new things to be introduced at the beginning.
An investigation report that summarizes typical experience and makes a certain theoretical analysis generally begins with a general description of the respondents, forming a typical time and content.
The investigation report of the research problem usually begins with a short question, pointing out the practical significance of studying this problem.
An investigation report that exposes a problem usually begins with a straightforward statement of the problem to be exposed.
(2) Theme
Refers to the main contents of the investigation report. Generally speaking, if this part of the statement is a work inspection report, it is necessary to describe the work situation, experience, experience, practice or problem in detail; If it is an incident investigation, it is necessary to describe the specific situation, occurrence, development, causes and consequences of the incident; If it is an revealing investigation, it is mainly to write clearly the truth, inside story, reason and harm of the incident or problem. In short, we should reflect the truth, find out the law, reveal the essence and rise to theory.
Because the purpose, scope and methods of the survey are different, the main structure of the survey report is also different, mainly as follows:
1, vertical structure. That is, according to the order of event development or according to the order of investigation, the structural hierarchy is arranged. Some investigation reports reflecting new things adopt this structure. Some investigation reports that expose problems are sometimes reflected in the order of investigation or the evolution of the incident itself.
2. Transverse structure. That is to say, the situation, experience and problems obtained in the investigation are divided into several parts in a parallel structure, which are titled with subheadings or serial numbers respectively, and described from different aspects around the center of the full text. This structure is mostly suitable for investigation reports that reflect the situation, introduce experience or study problems.
3. Logical structure. In other words, the structure is arranged according to the internal logical connection between the contents of each part. This structure is most suitable for investigation reports that summarize typical experiences and make theoretical analysis.
4. Point by point structure. That is, according to several points or aspects of the investigation, it is divided into several relatively independent parts to construct.
The requirement of the main part is that the content should be substantial and concrete, from reality to fiction; The form should be hierarchical and clear; Writing rules should be mastered flexibly according to the needs of investigation content and expression, and cannot be stereotyped.
(3) the end, or conclusion.
Refers to the conclusion of the investigation report. This part is the inevitable result of analyzing the problem, drawing a conclusion and solving the problem.
Some investigation reports have no special conclusions and naturally end with the last paragraph of the main part, which means to stop.
If there is a conclusion, it generally includes the following contents: summarizing the full text, deepening the theme and improving readers' understanding; Put forward new questions, point out the direction of efforts, and inspire people to explore further; Supplementary explanations are given to the situations and problems that are not involved in the article but are worthy of attention, and some useful suggestions are put forward for leaders' reference.
According to the purpose and content of writing, adopt an appropriate ending method. Talking more is long, talking less is short, and nothing stops. Don't gild the lily and damage the full text.
Third, naming
The signature of the company can be directly signed under the title. Personal signature can be placed at the bottom right of the end of the article or at the bottom right of the title. Year, month and day, the comprehensive department is at the bottom right of the text.