The differences in social culture and historical development between China and the West (represented by the United States) have created the differences in Chinese and Western food culture. Someone vividly said: if Chinese food culture is like a mixed chorus, then western food (meal) is like a romantic serenade; If Chinese restaurants are full of masculinity, western restaurants are full of feminine beauty; Chinese restaurants create a place for public friends and western restaurants create a space for private trysts, which shows the essential differences between Chinese and western catering cultures. Understanding these differences, analyzing and comparing these differences, and handling these differences skillfully in management are important problems faced by China food chain enterprises. ?

(1) China catering culture?

China's food culture has a long history and is an important part of the treasure house of Chinese culture. Together with French cuisine and Turkish cuisine, it is also known as the world's three major cooking systems, and it is also a place that our Chinese sons and daughters are proud of. China's food culture has rich and colorful cultural connotations and a solid technical foundation. It is the crystallization of culture, science and art, with taste as the core and cultivation as the purpose. Different geographical locations, different nationalities and different styles, but it is also an unparalleled catering culture. There are many kinds of local cuisines with unique flavor and fragrance, which are popular all over the world and deeply attract countless overseas lovers. It can also be said that diet kung fu is also a kind of knowledge, a prominent feature and a way of communication. ?

Connotation culture?

China's food culture has always paid attention to color, fragrance and taste, and the form of food, which can be summarized by "essence", "beauty" and "emotion". These words reflect the unique cultural background of food quality, aesthetic experience, emotional activities and social functions in the process of food activities, and also reflect the close relationship between food culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture. ?

The essence is a summary of the inherent quality of China's food culture. As a cultural spirit, this exquisite consciousness permeates and implements the whole process of gourmet activities. The choice of ingredients, cooking, compatibility, and even the eating environment all reflect the word "essence". ?

Beauty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of food culture. One of the important reasons why Chinese food can conquer the world lies in its beauty. This kind of beauty refers to the perfect unity of the form and content of China's diet activities, and refers to the aesthetic pleasure and spiritual enjoyment it brings to people. The beauty of Chinese food is not only reflected in the taste, but also in the form, color, utensils and even the clothes of the service staff, which makes people feel the impact and enjoyment of beauty all the time. It can be seen that beauty, as a basic connotation of food culture, is the charm of China's food, which runs through every link of food activities. ?

Love, China culture has always been linked by love. Similarly, Chinese food "love" is an important function. In China, eating is actually a medium of emotional communication between people and a unique social activity. Chat, talk about business, exchange information and interview while eating. Throughout the ages, China people used to express their farewell or welcome at the dining table, and people often used the dining table to calm their mood swings. With the accelerated pace of social life, people pay more and more attention to the social adjustment function and psychological massage function of diet activities. ?

Essence, beauty, affection and propriety respectively summarize the basic connotation of China's food culture from different angles. In other words, these four aspects organically constitute the overall concept of China's food culture. Essence and beauty focus on the image and quality of diet, while affection and courtesy focus on the mentality, customs and social functions of diet. However, they do not exist in isolation, but are interdependent and mutually causal. Only its "essence" can have a complete "beauty"; Only its beauty can inspire "love"; Only "emotion" can conform to the "ceremony" of the times. They are closely linked and perfectly unified, which constitutes the highest realm of China's food culture. Only by accurately grasping "essence, beauty, affection and courtesy" can we deeply understand China's food culture and better inherit and carry forward China's food culture. ?

Formal culture?

Chinese food often pays attention to fine and exquisite ingredients and ever-changing skills. From the point of view of knife technique, it needs the consistent cooperation of eye, knife and heart to reach a certain level. In the cooking process, we should grasp the temperature and taste, which shows the profoundness of China culture. A dish is a dish, which is harmonious, and it can also show that China people are naturally angry. They are mainly round, gentle and elegant, often enjoyed by everyone, eat with chopsticks, and are smart and good at thinking. The rational and intellectual image of China people is vividly displayed in their diet. Catering culture?

Chinese catering generally takes the form of round table meal, which is an important embodiment of China catering culture and can often create a harmonious atmosphere. Catering culture is a living habit and cultural tradition formed and preserved by a country or a nation under long-term historical conditions (the dining form of China embodies some characteristics of the dining culture tradition of China), and China people have long been accustomed to this dining way. ?

(2) Western catering culture?

The western food culture is quite different from that of China. Western food culture is formed on the basis of western traditional culture and through the continuous improvement of modern industrial culture, which invisibly permeates some aspects of western cultural tradition, such as equality, freedom, hygiene and privacy. ?

Leisure culture?

Fast food restaurants are the most popular in the United States, and American fast food culture embodies leisure culture. French fries, fried chicken, drinks and so on are the most common things in western recipes. It is these ordinary things that can't be seen on the big table in Chinese food that have become big enterprises in the world, such as McDonald's and KFC. This may be related to Americans' concept of time and lifestyle. The United States pays attention to efficiency and is the most informal. The rapid development of fast food culture in America is probably related to their nature. Hygiene, high efficiency, time saving, leisure and romance of fast food are the cultural basis for the development of western fast food. ?

Culture of equality and freedom?

In Chinese food, the placement of seats, the placement of tableware, the rules of eating, and the behavior at the table are all restricted by the rules established by traditional culture, not to mention the identity of guests, elders, hobbies and other factors that limit the form of eating. In western food, diet is always the embodiment of everyone's equality and freedom. Everyone decides the type and weight of food independently, which is suitable for different meals and is rich and frugal for himself. On most occasions, the "AA" system is implemented. Eating is your own business, and everyone can sit together and enjoy the food equally and freely. ?

Catering culture?

Western-style dining habits are carried out on long tables, and the system of separate meals is implemented, that is, each person orders a meal and holds one. The most common serving service is to put the food on each plate in the kitchen, which is served by the kitchen waiter and then delivered to each guest quickly and politely. On the surface, the form of western food looks less lively and more polite and independent, but in essence, the most important thing is to reflect hygiene. The dining system can also embody the concept of moderate frugality and reasonable diet, and overcome the shortcomings of Chinese food, such as ostentation and extravagance. The dishes and staple food of the separate meal system are all quantified by people, which can reduce waste. Whether it is a pre-meal snack or a dinner, the ingredients are linked to the diners' food intake, and the dishes are as few as possible, but every meal is guaranteed to be finished. The separate dining system enables each guest to have a clear quantitative concept of the number of personal meals, which is beneficial to health while reducing waste. Our current buffets and cold meals also reflect this purpose. Responder: Miss Li and Mrs Li 16 sent a message and added it as a friend12-2011:12 Do you think the best answer is good? There are currently 0 comments?

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Other answers *** 2 Chinese food features:

1. In the selection of materials, because most people in our country are less bound by religious taboos in diet, and people like to be curious in diet and pay attention to the scarcity of things, the selection of Chinese food is very extensive, and almost everything is eaten, including flying, diving, moving and growing.

2. In the processing of raw materials, chef China is very particular about knife work, and can process raw materials into tiny edges such as silk, diced, sliced and shredded.

3. In cooking, the round-bottomed pots and open stoves commonly used in Chinese cooking are very suitable for cooking, so there are many cooking methods for Chinese cooking.

4. In terms of taste, most of China's dishes are salty and rich in variety, and most of them are eaten after they are fully mature.

On the staple food, Chinese food has a clear concept of main and non-staple food, including rice, noodles and other products.

Classification of western food

The first western food-French dinner?

French people have always been famous for their good food and good food, and French food still ranks first in the world.

French cuisine is characterized by a wide selection of ingredients (such as snails and foie gras, which are all delicious in French cuisine), fine processing, exquisite cooking, strong or weak tastes and various colors; French cuisine also pays more attention to eating semi-cooked or raw food, such as steak and leg of lamb, which is characterized by semi-cooked and tender, seafood oysters can also be eaten raw, and roasted wild ducks can be eaten when cooked. French cuisine attaches importance to seasoning, and there are many kinds of condiments. Seasoning with wine, what kind of food to choose what kind of wine has strict rules, such as clear soup with wine, seafood with brandy, dessert with all kinds of sweet wine or brandy. French food and cheese are varied. French people like cheese, fruits and all kinds of fresh vegetables very much.

Famous French dishes include Marseille fish soup, foie gras steak, Paris lobster, red wine pheasant, Savoro chicken, chicken liver steak and so on. ?

Pay equal attention to simplicity and etiquette-English western food?

English cooking is considered as a family delicacy. The characteristics of English cuisine are: less oil and light, less wine when seasoning, and condiments are often placed on the table for guests to choose. Cooking pays attention to freshness, light taste, seafood and all kinds of vegetables, and the amount of food is small but fine. The cooking methods of English cuisine mainly include steaming, boiling, burning and smoking.

The famous dishes of British cuisine are: chicken salad, grilled shrimp souffle, stewed mutton with potatoes, roasted lamb saddle, winter solstice pudding, Meiji steak and so on. ?

Italian dinner, the originator of western food?

During the Roman Empire, Italy was the political, economic and cultural center of Europe. Although Italy fell behind later, it is the ancestor of western cooking, which can be compared with France and Britain.

Italian food is characterized by its original flavor and rich flavor. Cooking pays attention to frying and smoking, and is good at frying, frying, frying and stewing.

Italians like spaghetti and eat it in many ways. Its noodles are very unique. There are at least dozens of noodles with different shapes, colors and tastes, such as letter-shaped, shell-shaped, solid noodles and macaroni strips. Italians also like to eat Italian wonton and Italian jiaozi.

Famous Italian dishes include: macaroni and vegetable soup, local wonton, macaroni and cheese, macaroni with minced meat, pizza and so on. ?

Fast nutrition-American food?

American food is developed on the basis of British food, which inherits the simple and light characteristics of British food and tastes salty and sweet. Americans are generally not interested in spicy food, preferring roasted vegetables. Fruits are often cooked with dishes as ingredients, such as pineapple ham, roast duck with vegetables and fruits. I like to eat all kinds of fresh vegetables and fruits. Americans don't have high dietary requirements, as long as they are nutritious and fast. ?

The famous dishes of American cuisine are: roast turkey, roast orange duck, American steak, apple salad, pancakes with sugar sauce and so on. ?

Classic western food-Russian dinner?

The upper class of tsarist Russia worshipped France very much. Nobles are not only proud to speak French, but also learn French mainly in food and cooking techniques. But after years of evolution, especially in Russia, food pays attention to high-calorie varieties and gradually forms its own cooking characteristics. Russians like to eat hot food, steamed stuffed buns and patties made of fish, minced meat, eggs and vegetables. All kinds of snacks are quite famous.

Russian food tastes heavy, likes to use oil, and its preparation method is relatively simple. Taste is mainly sour, sweet, spicy and salty. Pickled cucumbers and sauerkraut are often necessary foods on the dining table of restaurants or families. The cooking method is characterized by roasting and fumigation. Russian cuisine has a great influence on western food. Nordic countries in the cold zone and some ethnic groups in Central Europe and Yugoslavia have similar daily habits to Russians, and most of them like pickled fish, bacon, sausage, ham, pickled cabbage and pickled cucumber. ?

The famous dishes of Russian cuisine are: assorted cold cuts, caviar, pickled cucumber soup, cold apple soup, fish buns, buttered chicken rolls and so on. ?

Beer, buffet-German food?

Germans don't pay attention to diet. They like to eat fruits, cheese, sausages, pickles, potatoes and so on. They don't want glitz, but they want affordable nutrition. They first invented self-help fast food. Germans like to drink beer, and the annual Oktoberfest in Munich consumes about 6,543.8+0,000 liters of beer. Answer: Jin Biteng-Master Shen sent a message and added it as a friend12-2011:12. Chinese food should be served in the following order: cold dishes, drinks and wine first, then hot dishes, then staple food, and finally desserts and fruits. When there are many tables at a banquet, every dish on each table should be served at the same time. ?

Generally speaking, there are several ways to serve food: first, the big dish is served and everyone takes it; Second, the waiter will give everyone a dish; The third is to serve it in a small plate, one for each person. ?

The dining etiquette of Chinese food is said to have started from the Duke of Zhou and has evolved for thousands of years. Of course, there will be no more days like "Meng Guang took over the Hongliang case", but it eventually formed a set of catering etiquette which is generally accepted today, which is the inheritance and development of the ancient catering etiquette system. Chinese food etiquette varies according to the nature and purpose of the banquet; Different regions are also very different.

There are six kinds of tableware for Chinese food: cups, plates, bowls, plates, chopsticks and spoons. At a formal banquet, the water glass is placed at the top left of the dish and the wine glass is placed at the top right. Chopsticks and spoons can be placed on special seats or in paper sleeves. Public chopsticks and spoons are best placed in special seats.

Chinese food is usually served in the following order: cold dishes first, then hot dishes, and finally sweets and fruits. Before eating, the first wet towel given by the waiter is for wiping hands, and it is better not to wipe faces. Before serving shrimp, crab, chicken and other dishes, the waiter will send a small water tank with lemon slices or rose petals floating in it. This is not a drink, but for washing hands. When washing hands, you can dip your fingers in water in turn, rinse them gently, and then dry them with a small towel.