2. With the initial development of national capitalism, the economic strength of the national bourgeoisie in China has been continuously enhanced, and it has begun to seek political rights commensurate with its economic status. As a new political force, the national bourgeoisie began to enter the political arena.
3. Many people in the early bourgeois reformists personally participated in the practice of the Westernization Movement. After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, they thought that it was not enough for the Westernization Movement to focus on "making utensils". What China really wants to learn is the advanced western political system.
The Reform Movement was initiated by the bourgeois reformists in modern China. It tries to save the nation from peril and develop the national capitalist economy through top-down reform. This movement pushed China's struggle against foreign aggression and seeking a way out for the country to a new stage since the Opium War. Politically, reformists advocated opening parliament, advocating civil rights, limiting the rights of feudal monarchs and implementing constitutional monarchy. Economically, it advocates revitalizing industry and developing capitalist economy. In terms of ideology and culture, it spread bourgeois democratic political thoughts, introduced western natural science and social theory, and criticized China's traditional feudal ethics, which played an important enlightening role in promoting people's awakening, especially the ideological emancipation of intellectuals, and made important political and ideological preparations for the arrival of bourgeois democratic revolution in a more complete sense. It is the die-hards who oppose the reformists, and the two sides argue whether to reform. It opened China's first enlightenment thought in modern times. The essence of both is to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing government.