Qinglian Township, Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province, although only a small place, is the hometown of the great poet Li Bai. Starting from here, a generation of poetic immortals broke into the poetry world with a faint thunder, leaving a stone tablet with a jewel-like red light forever in the history of China's poetry, leaving a name that will never fade.

Li Bai, whose word is too white, is a famous violet layman. According to records, he was born in the broken leaf city of Anxi Khufu in the Tang Dynasty, and moved here in northern Kyrgyzstan today when he was about five years old. His father's name is Li Ke. "Guest" may be the address of a foreigner, indicating that he is not a local. According to Li Bai himself, when he was young, he wandered around Yangzhou. In less than a year, he "scattered more than 300,000 yuan" (History Book of Peichang in Shang 'an County). Judging from this, his father should be a wealthy businessman. It doesn't matter where Li is. What is important is that he has been breathing the fragrance of green mountains and green waters since he began to understand. His poem "Clear water gives a hibiscus, and it is natural to carve it". This fresh and natural beauty without carving should be said to be influenced by the natural scenery of Sichuan, where the water is always green and the mountains are always blue.

At the age of five, "carrying Liu Jia, watching a hundred schools at the age of ten", "Liu Jia" generally refers to Taoist classics, and "a hundred schools" generally refers to the theories of various ancient schools. Sichuan has always been the most active place of Taoism, and it is natural for Li Bai to be familiar with Taoism. Furthermore, Taoism highly praises Zhuangzi as a real person, while Zhuangzi's noblest place is to stand on the pole of nine days to see the world and treat all the joys and sorrows of life with a detached attitude. Li Bai's lonely soul in heaven and earth, on the one hand, is because he stood at the peak of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and had the conditions to see far, on the other hand, Zhuangzi's philosophical thought gave him the courage to break away from all the traditional shackles, making him dare to look up at the universe and expand his horizons to the maximum extent. In addition, Li Bai also has fifteen wonderful books, fifteen good swordsmanship and fifteen immortals. It can be seen from these poems that although he is also familiar with Confucian classics, he yearns for Dapeng, whose wings fall from the sky like clouds, and he simply disdains to be a Confucian believer.

At the age of twenty-four, Li Bai "went to the country with his sword and left his relatives to travel far away." Began to dabble in poetry He is a cloud and must fly to the zenith to detect the vastness of the sky; He is water, and he must run to the sea and raise the wild waves on the sea. He "all the five mountains are sacred, and he never thinks far. According to my unchanging habit all my life", he almost traveled all over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the whole Yangtze River basin. At that time, let alone walking, that is, riding a horse, taking a boat and riding an ox cart, he had to travel all over such a vast area, at least mentally, and he was always on the move. Li Bai has not only been to many places and is well informed, but also his life experience is full of legends.

He used to be a hermit, drinking with friends in the mountains and raising countless domestic birds. He used to be a Taoist priest, concentrating on collecting herbs and alchemy, seeking immortality and learning Taoism, thinking that he could really soar in the daytime. He is good at riding, archery and fencing. He pretends to be a ranger and always carries a dagger with him. He was called up by the imperial court, and was lucky enough to be summoned by the emperor and get off the bus to meet him personally, and he jumped from an ordinary citizen to a bachelor of Hanlin. He joined the army during the An Shi Rebellion. Xie An, a famous figure in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, pretends to be an earth-shattering career, so he was accidentally involved in a political struggle, was thrown into prison, became a prisoner, and was sentenced to exile Yelang forever. After being pardoned, at the age of 60, he also arrived in Nanjing today, ready to join the army to quell the Anshi rebellion. In a word, his life has experienced ups and downs, full of glory and danger. The people he dealt with ranged from Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei, officials at all levels of the imperial court, to warders, monks, Taoist priests and peasant women at the bottom. He is familiar with people from all walks of life, identities and occupations, and includes this colorful life in his poems.

He can write magnificent frontier poems by Gao Shi and Cen Can.

A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds. The mighty wind blew Wan Li and crossed Yumen Pass. At that time, Han soldiers pointed at the mountain road, and Tubo coveted the vast territory of Qinghai. This is a land of wars in past dynasties, and few soldiers can survive. The defenders look at the border town and think that women are more bitter. People upstairs tonight, sighing should not be idle. (Guan Shanyue)

Wang Wei's poems are quiet but full of vitality. Li Bai also has this kind of poem.

I don't feel guilty about wine. Birds are still scarce when you are drunk. ("self-dispatch")

There is a Zen realm in Wang Wei's poems, which is not in Li Bai's poems, but there is another calm and chic in Li Bai's poems.

The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. ("Silent Night Thinking")

This is probably the most popular homesick poem in China's poems, and it is a theme that can never be written enough in the small-scale peasant society. This poem combines three images of "before bed", "bright moon" and "frost on the ground". Say, "Is there frost already?" It means that the lyric hero has realized that this is not Frost; Knowing that it is not frost, this association just reveals that there is a layer of frost in his heart and a homesick air conditioning. China people have such homesickness and depression, so when they leave home, they will think of this poem as soon as they see the moon.

Meng Haoran's poems make rural life so interesting. Li Bai also has pastoral poems, but the meaning is different.

I stayed in a farmhouse at the foot of Wusong Mountain, and I felt very depressed and lonely. The farmer is busier at work, and the girl next door is not afraid of the cold autumn night all night. The owner of the house, the old woman, brought me rice, full of white rice like moonlight. I can't help but feel ashamed to think of this. I helped Park Mu, and declined politely and dared not eat it. (Su Xun Jia)

The poet who shouted "Oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to the officials and people in high positions" did not put on a sympathetic posture for the peasants, but as an ordinary passer-by, he picked up the old woman's bowl of rice with tears in his eyes, but he wanted to eat it but couldn't eat it. How many poets have such a shocking personality charm?

As for his "Into the Wine" and many other distinctive poems, other poets have never written them. First of all, their ideological level can't reach that height.

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns? Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night? Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! . I was born useful, spinning a thousand pieces of silver, all come back! . Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! . Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink, don't stop! Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up. The sober and sage of the old days were forgotten, and only the drinker kept his name. Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! . Five flower horses, Hsi Chin, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine. Whatever you want, sell eternal sorrow.

Yan Yu, a famous poetry critic in the Song Dynasty, said that when others write poems, they are written sentence by sentence, and Li Bai just needs to spit out his heart. This metaphor is just right. The poet stood on the edge of the Yellow River and watched "how the water of the Yellow River moved out of the sky". Suddenly, he felt excited. He thought that the water of the Yellow River was like a string of human life, which never came back from generation to generation, but still rolled in. But life is so short. The hair in the mirror "although it is silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night" is a cycle of birth, illness and death in the blink of an eye! Faced with this infinite and limited contradiction, why don't people enjoy life when they are alive! "I was born useful, spinning a thousand silver, all come back!" The poet is so confident in realizing his life value. It is precisely because this poem strongly calls for real life that many souls who have been forcibly compressed come to the poem to enjoy the smoothness that is enough to relax muscles and promote blood circulation.

Li Bai's poems became more and more famous, which not only shocked the poetry world, but also shocked many dignitaries. Finally, he even shocked Tang Xuanzong, who had a deep artistic attainments. So in the first year of Tianbao, when Li Bai was 42 years old, Tang Xuanzong listened to the recommendation of his cronies and sent him to Chang 'an to give him a grand courtesy. The opportunity to wait has finally come. This poet, who thinks he is a super-class politician but actually doesn't understand politics at all, is so proud that he sings "Laughing in the sky when going out, is our generation tarragon" ("Nanling children go to Beijing"). He is wishful thinking, and this time he can really make great achievements; Tang Xuanzong, a wise gentleman, would call him to his side and ask him how to govern the world and make it peaceful. However, he was wrong. He is a poet who lives completely in a dream. Once the dream wakes up, all that remains is disappointment.

A Generation of Poets (Ⅱ)

As a poet, he walked into the palace with his head held high and became the emperor's guest. In the history of China's poetry, Li Bai is unique. It is a great honor for a poet to receive such courtesy. However, "how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" Li Bai is such a person, and he can't see this fleeting glory. So he's lying here, drunk or tired?

Chenxiang Temple in Xingqing Park is the place where Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei enjoy peony. Lying here, Li Bai is closing his eyes and waiting for the inspiration of eruption. Tang Xuanzong came to enjoy the peony. Famous flowers are in full bloom, accompanied by beautiful women, and of course music is needed. When Xuanzong was tired of listening to old words, he was happy and issued an imperial edict asking Li Bai to create new words. Isn't Li Bai drunk lying here? Get up! So I was awakened by the cold water and wrote three famous sentences with a wave of my hand. The third song said: "Famous flowers pour across the river, making you laugh." . Explain that [I know] the spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the agarwood pavilion leans against the railing in the north. "Tang Can Xuanzong has a high artistic accomplishment, won't appreciate such a poem? The emperor cheered, so all the voices catered and came to entertain. But for Li Bai, playing with the emperor and doing what emperors and literati do is condescending. He doesn't understand that only poets yield to politicians, and no politicians yield to poets. He just refuses to understand this truth, and it will always be Li Bai's arrogance about how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven.

Li Bai stayed in Chang 'an for three years, for more than a year, and cried out in pain, "Although you love Emei, how can you kill people in the palace?" (Yu Hu Yin). Later generations thought that he was slandered in the court and was in danger. This is actually incredible. Xuanzong thought that he was not a talent who shouldered the heavy responsibility of the imperial court. It should be said that this is a very accurate evaluation. According to China's traditional values, studying is to be an official, and being an official is valuable only when you are a general. It is with this mentality that future generations look at Li Bai, because Li is unfair. They don't know that Li Bai can't be a great poet if he doesn't boast that he is a politician in charge of the world's security, and without this arrogant self-confidence. But if he really became a prime minister and a general, he would never want to be a poet again. Therefore, the main reason why Li Bai left the imperial court was not that he was slandered, but that he didn't want to adapt to the political environment that had to be controlled everywhere. Tang Xuanzong was good at identifying characters and thought it best to release him and let him write poems. It should be said that this is the best way to handle it. Only the Tang Dynasty can accept that Li Bai is crazy; Only when Li Bai is wild can he raise the torch of poetry and illuminate the splendid civilization in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Li Bai went all the way to Luoyang, where he met Du Fu. Du Fu, who is twelve years younger than Li Bai, is thirty-three. The friendship between them is naturally caused by the similar temperament of poets. But Du Fu admired Li Bai's younger generation and grandparents, and was loyal and kind to him, so he later wrote twelve sincere poems to Li Bai.

After the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, Li Bai lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. Li Lin, the eternal king, was ordered to conquer the rebels. Li Bai only knows how to serve the country and put it under Li Lin's account. He sang with high morale: "The three rivers in the north are chaotic, and the four seas are like Yongjia running south. But with Dongshan Xie Anshi, I will laugh at the still lake sand for you. " He thinks it's his turn to show his talents this time. Who knows lin li's ambition is inflated, and he doesn't listen to the command. As a result, internal disputes continued, and she was wiped out by Tang Suzong. This time, Li Bai really ran into a big disaster. In ancient times, like Li Bai, he failed in the struggle for the throne and was doomed to death. However, the Tang Dynasty was the Tang Dynasty after all. After being rescued, the emperor did not insist on killing him. He was just sentenced to exile forever and was finally pardoned. This has also become a handle for later generations to belittle Li Bai. In fact, he didn't say anything, which only shows that he doesn't understand politics.

Li Baiyou has a childlike innocence. He always embraces a life without true feelings. He can sit down and have a drink with anyone he meets and sing happily:

The two men drank the flowers in the mountain cup after cup. I want to sleep when I am drunk. You can leave yourself. If not, take the violin in the morning. He was drunk, so Tao Ran fell asleep contentedly.

Looking at Jingting Mountain, he will confide in his heart like an old friend, and his mood will be leisurely chanting:

The birds flew without a trace, leaving the lonely clouds free and unfettered. You look at me, I look at you, and there are only my eyes and Jingting Mountain's eyes. (Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain) He can sit and look at the mountain like a child.

He wandered all the way to Jingxian County, Anhui Province and lived in a village called Taohuatan. There is a man named Wang Lun in the village who often drinks and entertains him. When leaving, he gave the other party a poem: "Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he suddenly heard the singing on the shore." Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun. "(To Wang Lun) is just like an old friend's parting remark. China's famous great poet is relaxed, natural and full of affection without posturing.

However, Li Bai is an extremely arrogant poet, claiming that "I am a madman in the State of Chu and sang a crazy song to argue Confucius" ("Lu Shan Ge Yu Shi Lu Xuzhou"). Madness is an external manifestation of self-confidence, a full affirmation of personal dignity, and a contempt for the power of social habits that bind people. He shouted loudly: "Gold and white jade buy songs and laugh, and when you get drunk, you will despise princes" ("Remembering the past, sending the county yuan to join the army"), and he is arrogant and disdains to take secular values as the standard; "Yesterday in changan drunk willow, five waiting seven expensive with a glass of wine. He is too proud to be far away, but he is willing to fall behind others (Long-flowing Yelang to Judge Xin).

The most precious thing is that he used the strongest voice of the times to make the gods cry and shouted:

Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face! (Dream of climbing Mount Tianmu)

This cry makes those who are overwhelmed by the feudal system for thousands of years, those who don't want to be stepped into the mud but are unable to fight, dare to stand up quietly, help the last trace of personal dignity in their hearts, comfort themselves in helplessness and find a little psychological balance.

He pursues freedom, ideals, a world that is not blocked by human mind, and a perfect personality that cannot be humble. So in his works, all the mountains and rivers are like the externalization of his inner world.

The Yellow River in his eyes is "how the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return"; In his eyes, the Yangtze River is "I climbed it". I look at the world, and it's gone forever. " . The wind drives Huang Yun for hundreds of miles, and the snow peaks are surrounded by nine heavy streams "(Song of Lushan suggestion and Lu Xuzhou); In his works, Tianmu Mountain, which is not so lofty, is "a straight line leading to heaven, with its peak reaching the sky and five holy peaks on top, casting a shadow across China" (Tianmu Mountain Ascending to Heaven in Dreams); There may really be no such steep Shu Dao, but the result is "Alas, the danger is endless, and it is hard to go is in the sky" ("Shu Dao Nan"); There is no spectacular Lushan Waterfall at all, but it is also "flying down 300 feet, and it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days" ("Looking at Lushan Waterfall").

In a word, he breathes the heroic spirit of the universe everywhere, endowing natural scenery with lofty aesthetic value.

A sailing tourist will talk about Japan, which is hidden in water and fog and inaccessible. But the more people talk about the mother mountain, the clouds are light or visible. On a straight line leading to heaven, its peak enters heaven, topped with five sacred peaks, and casts a shadow across China. It is here that the Paradise Terrace Mountains, which are 100 miles long, begin to turn to the southeast ... Clouds are darkened by rain, and streams are pale by fog. God of thunder and lightning, the mountains are crumbling. Cave stone leaves, venting in the sinkhole ... I moved, my soul flew, and suddenly [the dragon] started. My pillow and mat are the lost clouds in which I once lived. This is the consistent way of human happiness, and all kinds of things will always flow to the east like water. So I'm leaving you. I don't know how long it will take. But let me raise a white deer on my green hillside and ride to you when I need you, Dashan. Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face! (Dream of climbing Mount Tianmu)

The poetic spirits of Li Bai (Dangtu Li Bais Tomb) and China are buried here. This superstar, who has never lowered his status, never been satisfied with the status quo and never stopped pursuing, has finally fallen here in Dangtu, Anhui. According to legend, he grabbed the platform from Quarrying and died trying to catch the moon and jump into the Yangtze River. We would rather believe this beautiful legend. While in high spirits, he wants to give his shining life to the vast Yangtze River, stand on the platform of catching the moon, and complete his final pursuit in life with the poet's innocence and wildness. So he turned into a bright moon, rolling waves, shining on the land of China forever, running. ...

The Millennium Poet (I)

Du Fu, with beautiful words, and Li Bai were two giants in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was the peak of the development of agricultural civilization in China, and its heyday was the peak of the Tang Dynasty. The Anshi Rebellion is the dividing line from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, it is also the dividing line between the rise and fall of agricultural civilization in China. This dividing line separates the two giants on both sides of the top of the mountain: Li Bai stood on the upward side, lifted his head and saw the endless blue sky, leisurely white clouds and soaring eagles, so he opened his mind and sang boldly; Du Fu stood on the downward side, bowed his head, and saw the rugged path and the darkness of the deep ditch, so he was worried and his singing was miserable. Li Bai is a symbol of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the prosperous Tang dynasty passed, he solidified into an unattainable dangerous peak, which made future generations feel unattainable. Du Fu is the representative of the transition from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty. He stood in the position of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, denounced disasters and cared for the people. Therefore, with the strengthening of feudal order, he became an example for later poets and the most influential poet in ancient China.

Because of its great influence, many monuments about him have been preserved. He was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province, where he spent his adolescence, so there is a memorial hall for Du Fu's hometown. Around the age of thirty-five, he went to Chang' an to seek an official position. He once "kowtowed to the rich and followed the fat horse dust at dusk." Broken cups are roasted in cold, and there are hidden worries and sorrows everywhere ("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng"), but they have nothing, and they have been very humble for more than ten years. Therefore, Adu Gong Temple in Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province commemorates him. During the An Shi Rebellion, he fled to Sichuan for refuge. He stayed here for a while when passing through Chengxian County, Gansu Province, so there is also a Adufu Caotang in memory of him. He lived in Chengdu for nearly four years, and the Du Fu Caotang in memory of him is very large and famous. He left Sichuan at the age of 57, transferred to Hunan via Hubei, and died here two years later, so Du Fu's tomb in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province commemorates him.

Du Fu's poems in Tang Dynasty are not famous, and they are not comparable to Li Bai at all. In the Five Dynasties, Wei Jian compiled "Vegetable Garden" and selected 1000 Tang poems, even without Du Fu's name. It can be seen that Du Fu was not well known at that time. It was not until the feudal order began to strengthen in the Song Dynasty that he became famous for his poems, and it was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that he was honored as a poet. About half a century after Du Fu's death, Yuan Zhen, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, said in an article that Du Fu "learned from the ancient and modern styles and was unique". "The poet has come, and no one is as beautiful as a child. At that time, Li Bai, a native of Shandong, was also named after a strange pen. People called him Du Li. " Du Fu can write the arrangement of "a thousand words, a hundred times", but Li Bai can't write it at all ("Du Jun's Tomb Inscription, Yuan Wailang in Tang Dynasty"). So Yuan Zhen thought that although Li Bai could write poems, he could not compare with Du Fu at all. Yuan Zhen's articles didn't have much effect in the Tang Dynasty. Contemporary Han Yu thinks that "Du Li's articles are in full swing. I don't know if the group is stupid, so I use it to slander! Mayflies shake trees, which is ridiculous and not self-sufficient, and resolutely oppose raising Du Fu and belittling Li Bai. In fact, Han Yu didn't understand that Yuan Zhen was so shocking that his real intention was to expand his influence with Bai Juyi's new Yuefu poems. To achieve your goal, it is naturally best to raise Du Fu whom you admire; The most effective way to raise Du Fu is to fabricate history, saying that he was an equal with Li Bai before his death, but in fact Li Bai was not as good as him at all. Li Bai is the sun, and too many people know him; Isn't it strange to say that Du Fu is far ahead of him now? This groundbreaking assertion was first accepted by historians. Yuan Zhen's words were written into Du Fu's biography in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, which was also the keynote in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty. Because of this misleading, and Du Fu's poems have been in full swing since the Song Dynasty, later generations really thought that he was neck and neck with Li Bai when he was alive.

Although Du Fu can only be regarded as a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, he is 59 years old and spent nearly three quarters of his life in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The prosperous Tang Dynasty was an era of lunatics, and it was impossible to associate with such lunatics as Li Bai, Gao Shi and Cen Can without a little arrogance.

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu .. magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. ("Wang Yue")

Open your eyes and watch the birds fly to Mount Tai. Looking at it, I feel that the clouds on the mountain reverberate in my chest, which makes people feel that they are floating high. So I decided to climb to the top of the mountain and feel the joy of enjoying the scenery in the distance. When he saw a good horse, he immediately thought, "I can't live and die without an open mind." Xiao Teng has such a skill, and he runs rampant "("Fang Bing Grass and Horses "), and immediately gallops on horseback to build a vigorous career. These early poems show his extraordinary bearing and show that his heart is full of romantic spirit in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Therefore, although his overall poetic style is not the same as that of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it is also different from the poets in the Dali period, and there is no sense of hopelessness and gloomy atmosphere. Because of this, he has always maintained the enthusiasm to face the reality and the courage to break into the times.

Du Fu always considered himself a disciple of Confucianism. "Confucianists often make mistakes" (Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng) and "Gan Kun is a corrupt Confucian" (Jianghan) have repeatedly emphasized this point. Confucianism advocates that "poverty is the only way to be immune, and success is the only way to be immune." Du fu went further, not only frustrated, but also became a problem to eat. He also shouted, "Why do you let the monarch worry about the country alone?" (General), he is still worried about the emperor. The era of Confucian scholars is full of sense of mission and responsibility, and always full of sense of hardship. This is how Du Fu lived in the world, and he was forced into a state of tension by this sense of hardship all his life. When he was young, he "read a lot of books, he wrote like a god ... he claimed that he was excellent, and specifically mentioned Jin Lu. Loyalty to the monarch and changing customs (Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng) are typical Confucian ideals.

At this point, he is very different from Li Bai. Li Bai yearned for a blockbuster and soared to the sky, never emphasizing loyalty to the monarch. He is eager to meet this wise master and appreciates him as Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang. After a few words, the world was at peace and he was honored as a good friend. And he pays special attention to retiring after success. Just like Lu Zhonglian in the Warring States period, he solved problems for others without pay. Although Du Fu is not a politician, he can devote himself to the imperial court.

Du Fu was 44 years old when the Anshi Rebellion broke out. Later, in the process of escape, he was captured by the rebels and brought to the occupied Chang' an city. Looking at the ruins of the capital, he was saddened and wrote his masterpiece:

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. (Hope in Spring)

Because the title of the official poem is also small, An Lushan's men didn't hold him, so he took the opportunity to escape from Chang 'an and found Tang Suzong who took the initiative to reign in Fengxiang. In order to reward his loyalty, Su Zong named him as the left gleaner. Later people called him Du Shiyi, and that's how he came from. He didn't understand the harshness of officialdom, but only knew everything. As a result, he was demoted soon after taking office. Because of the low salary and the war, he simply gave up his official position and began a miserable life day after day. Maybe it's true that poetry is poor and backward. The times chose Du Fu with cold eyes, which made him suffer. He dipped his thin hands in the black sorrow of the people like ink and recorded how the great era of the prosperous Tang Dynasty came down. His poems are called the history of poetry, which is highly praised by later generations, but every word is tears in his eyes, blood in his heart and helpless cries!

Later, it bypassed Chengxian County in Gansu and entered Sichuan. He sang painfully along the way:

There is a beautiful guest word, with white hair hanging down. At the age of 20, I ate acorn chestnuts and followed the sniper. It was cold and dusk in the valley. There are no books in the Central Plains, hands and feet are frozen, and the body is dead. Alas, a sad song, hate too fell from the sky for me! ("Seven Songs Made in Tonggu County, Gan Yuan")

He sang all the way and finally came to Chengdu. With the support of his friends, he built this thatched cottage. "But there is an old friend who provides rice. What can I ask for in the rest of my life?" ("Jiangcun"), a smile finally flashed on his face. He was recommended as Yuanwailang of the Ministry of Supervision, so later generations also called him Du Gongbu. He sang cheerfully: "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently "("Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night ").

But it didn't last long. His friend died and he lost his support. Later, I lived in Sichuan for several years and finally transferred from Hubei to Hunan. Passing Yueyang Tower, I wrote this poem:

I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. There are wars and mountains in the north of this wall, and there are tears on the porch. (Climbing Yueyang Tower)

"There is the Kingdom of Wu in the east and the State of Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth." The whole Jiangnan area is divided by Dongting Lake in the southeast, and the boundless sky floats on the lake. At this time, Du Fu was 57 years old, only two years away from his death. Without documentary evidence, who would believe that such a magnificent poem was written by a frail old man?

In the first year of 1970s, Du Fu was 59 years old and died on a boat in Xiangjiang River due to poverty and illness. A poet who had a great influence on China's poetry sadly disappeared. No one mourned for him, no one mourned for him, only the surging river always sang endless grief and indignation in his poems.

Poets in the Millennium (Part Two)

In ancient times, loyalty to the monarch meant patriotism, and loyalty to the monarch and patriotism meant caring about people's sufferings. Du Fu's loyalty to the monarch and patriotism is sincere. He said, "If you are poor, you will worry about Li Yuan, but your intestines will sigh with heat ..... The sunflower fire leans towards the sun, but its physical properties are hard to take away" ("Sing 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian"), stating that no matter how poor you are, you should appeal for people's sufferings and be as loyal to the Tang Dynasty as a sunflower to the sun. His life is down-to-earth, which is how he practices it.

Chedian is a work that sets the tone for Du Fu's later poems. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, that is, from the 1940s to the mid-1950s, the Tang Dynasty, which maintained its apparent prosperity, was in jeopardy. The rulers turned a blind eye to this and still waged war against Tubo. This poem is about the suffering brought to the people by the use of soldiers in the northwest border.

Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists. My parents and wife will say goodbye to each other until the dust buries the bridge outside Chang 'an. On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky.

The dust was flying, crying loudly, "parents and wives are going to see me off", and the able-bodied men were recruited to the northwest border to die. What a thrilling scene! The poet also used the method of lens switching to describe "Emperor Wu's heart is still beating for the war, which is bleeding into sea water" and "In thousands of villages, nothing grows except weeds, although strong women bend down to plow the fields, and the furrows of things are broken?" , and with strong contrast to enhance the stimulation effect.

In the small-scale peasant society, boys are always more popular than girls, but the poet has come to the opposite conclusion:

If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl. Who can get married and live in a neighbor's house, while we bury our children underground!

A son is a support for the aged and dying. Now he has died in battle. Naturally, it is better to have a girl. Finally, it is also possible for him to get married nearby. What could be more tragic for farmers?

In the Anshi Rebellion and the scuffle in the following years, Du Fu described the tragic images of ordinary people with no hope of survival and a dead end, so that future generations can know and hear how ordinary people rolled in hot water from the mid-1950s to the end of 1960s, how their lives were as cheap as ants, and how they pretended to die silently. Like the famous "Shihao official", the poet "threw himself into Shihao village at dusk" and just happened to meet the "official night catcher" to act as the host. As a result, "the old man went over the wall" and finally escaped, leaving the old woman to bite the bullet and come out to deal with it. The old woman said that her three sons were all soldiers;

One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson. And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out.

Two of the three sons who fought in the front line died, leaving only the old couple, a daughter-in-law who was afraid to come out to see people without a complete skirt and a grandson who was nursing. It's bad enough for a family to live in this position, but the business of arresting people is still merciless, and people have to be taken to work. The old woman was desperate and had to follow her to the front to cook for the troops. So this family has experienced where you are going once. In the years when the warmth has been erased by the war, all inevitable disasters will come to the weak angrily. Yuan Mei, a poet in Qing Dynasty, cried bitterly, "Don't sing the song of everlasting regret, because the world also has its own galaxy. Shi Jiecun and his wife don't want it, and there are more tears than the Palace of Eternal Life! " Many people shed tears of sympathy for Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, but Du Fu saw the old couple in Shihao Village. They are not good at expressing unbearable sadness, but only cry silently. Because they are weak.

How magnificent the Du Fu Cottage in Chengdu is today! But 1200 years ago, when Du Fu lived here, it was just a hut, and that was the real thatched cottage. "In August, the wind roared and three weeds grew on my house." This is when he was fifty years old, and a strong wind lifted the roof of his hut, so "there is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the feet of the rain are like hemp." Insomnia, but he thought:

There are thousands of buildings, and the earth is cold and the wind and rain do not move. Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!

Poets always push themselves and others like this, so that their eyes, which have never been squashed by suffering, support a shade [shade] and strive to shelter others from the wind and rain. It was not until he was cornered that Du Fu wrote in Wu Lang [Zailang]:

I never stopped any of my neighbors before I came to the hall, because she was a five-year-old woman. If it weren't for poverty, how could such a thing be done? It is because I am afraid of her that I turn a blind eye to her. It's unnecessary to see you defending you, but it's very real that you planted in the fence. I called for poverty to the bone, and I was thinking about the tears of soldiers.

This woman, with no food and no children, came to Du Fu's house to eat dates to satisfy her hunger. It was only an autumn and the poet remembered her. The following year, the poet lent his house to a relative named Wu. I also wrote this poem specially, saying, "Why don't poor people have this?" Only fear becomes intimacy. "If it weren't for poverty, why did this woman want these dates? Because of her fear, you must try to be nice to her when you come on a date. You built a fence to stop her from dating. Is this too subtle? In this war-torn era, everyone has not even been drained! Still think more about people who are struggling in suffering and treat others with more love! This poem has almost no skill and is pure truth. When the poet cares for the poor at the bottom with such a broad mind, he himself is a poor man without complaint. Three years later, he died poor on a boat in Xiangjiang River.

Su Shi, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, said Du Fu was the first poet because