"Learning" includes receiving education and autonomous learning.

Due to different times, different regions and different humanistic environments.

At the same time, the purpose of learning is different. Let's talk about our ancients first

What do you say?

For oneself-the learning purpose advocated by Confucianism

Confucius pointed out in summing up the purpose of learning: "ancient"

Scholars are themselves, and today's scholars are human beings. "(The Analects of Confucius

The society at that time was already full of utilitarian thoughts.

Take "being a man" as the purpose of learning. "For yourself"

It is the learning goal advocated by Confucius.

The "self" of "for yourself" here refers to "self"

"Self" is interpreted as "self-development", "self-improvement" or

Self-realization of life value. Confucius' View of "Being a Man"

The purpose of learning is to have a negative attitude. Be a man "yes"

"cater to the needs of others" or "according to the needs of others"

Want ".

Confucius' words can inspire us to reflect today.

Educational problems faced. Many people define "learning"

In Mastering Tools to Make a Living, what kind of talent should I be?

When there is a shortage, parents decide to study for their children.

Direction, as a result, students' learning scope is getting narrower and narrower.

Professional ability has been achieved, but poor moral character, no independence.

Strong independent thinking ability, but not good at interpersonal communication, knot

Fruit is doomed to failure.

Xunzi further developed: "Ancient scholars are for themselves,

Scholars today are also human beings. The study of a gentleman is also for beauty;

Little people learn that birds are calves. "("Xunzi ")

"Poultry calf" means "gift". In modern terms,

It is a stepping stone. Positioning "learning" as mastering one

Blocked a stepping stone and gave up the foundation of "self-development"

Ben-learning to be a man is tantamount to burying his predecessor.

Way.

Zhu's quotation in The Analects of Confucius

Say, "For yourself, you want something from yourself." Being a man, I want to know

People are also. ""ancient scholars are for themselves, and they will eventually be.

Become a thing. Today's scholars are human beings, and eventually they will lose themselves. "

The concept of "success" comes from The Doctrine of the Mean.

It is not self-contained, so it is one thing. Self-cultivation, benevolence

Also; The achievements are well known. The virtue of sex is also both internal and external.

Yes "Thus," learning for yourself "includes two departments.

One is to "be yourself", that is, to practice "benevolence".

The part that belongs to "inner transcendence" is "body"; "into

Material is engaged in the study of knowledge and belongs to external transcendence.

The "more" part is "use". So "learning" should include

Including engaging in the cultivation of "virtue" with innate potential,

To cultivate both inside and outside, this is the connotation of "for yourself". mutually

Opposing "being a man" is only external learning, and it is selective.

Be selective, learn to meet current needs,

The result is "losing yourself", that is, losing yourself, no

Lost his personality and became a rigid tool.

Confucian "learning for oneself" was put forward by Confucius.

Later, although as the basic premise of Confucian self-cultivation,

It was also regarded as a standard by later Confucian scholars and further developed.

Promotion. However, this is only a lofty principle after all.

Yes

Huang Zongxi, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, quoted Chen Xianzhang as saying:

"Three generations down, sages lack people, heresy and xing, tao began in.

Unknown; The seven emotions are on fire, people want to cross the river, and the Tao begins.

No Unknown, although I recite thousands of words and read a lot of books every day, I don't.

Injury is not learned; No way, although all kinds of people are born, a piece of heaven.

Secondly, don't hurt for personal purposes. "("Ming Confucian Case "Volume 5) Huang

Zong's words are not empty talk, and Confucianism has gradually lost its core.

The benevolence of thought becomes an empty shell, so learn again.

Diligence, no matter how many books you read, is nothing; go to all lengths

Do good, just want to win the praise of the world, let's go.

The point is still personal.

After the implementation of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty, both Mingjing and Jinshi were selected.

Take two doctorates for example. Ming Jing pays attention to the meaning of pen and ink, on the surface.

Confucianism is the only respect, but its implementation is a test for candidates.

Memorize classics by rote. Poetry and Fu of Jinshi,

It mainly tests the literary talent of candidates. Such an exam

This system has produced many disadvantages. This kind of studying for exams

The result of learning is "learning for others". Han Yu sighed.

Xi said, "He knew his problem and appointed him as an official."

("Han Changli's Anthology" Volume II, "Cui Yu's Examination Work"

To this end, Han Yu put forward the idea of "writing carries Tao".

I hope to reverse the bad style of study. But until the Qing Dynasty, Gu

I still have to admit, "Who is a scholar today?

Mercenary, imperial examination also! "("Gu Shi ")

Set, and Pan Cigeng's Zagreb)

"Learning for oneself" embodies the Confucian attitude towards the subject self.

It is definitely necessary for people to constantly improve themselves through learning.

Own moral cultivation, in this way, there will be profound knowledge.

When, also can know how to treat the universe, know such as

How to do things, how to treat people. Take it as the purpose of learning.

That's right. The problem is that in a utilitarian society, such as

How to make everyone accept it? There are many things worth exploring.

Location.

Turning nature into falsehood-the learning purpose advocated by Xunzi

Confucianism, Xunzi and Mencius' "Theory of Good Nature"

Sing against Taiwan. Xunzi believes that "human nature is evil and its nature is good."

Fake people are also. "(Xunzi's theory of evil nature) means: people.

It is evil in essence. Inherent "evil"

Negative potential, but it can be acquired through education.

People abandon evil and do good, thus making themselves morally cultivated.

A man of noble morality. So Xunzi disagreed.

Virtue can be improved through inner cultivation. He said:

"Rites and righteousness are born in saints, and what people have learned can be achieved.

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