1, the title at the first level of the text should be short and clear, the number of words should not exceed 15, and no punctuation should be added at the end of the title. All levels are numbered consecutively in Arabic, such as "1", "2. 1" and "3. 1.2". The title is written in the upper left, followed by a space. The first-level titles are made up of the previous words, all of which are bold on the 4th, with the left top box.

2. The secondary title is bold with small No.4, and the upper left box.

3. Three-level titles are in italics, with a small number 4 and a box at the top left.

4. Other parts of the text are all in Song Dynasty Small Four.

5. Don't leave blank lines between titles and paragraphs at all levels.

6. There is a blank line between the graph, the table and the text.

7. The drawing should have a title, which should be placed in the lower center of the drawing and numbered with Arabic numerals, as shown in figure 1. No symbol is added after the title, and the word 1 is left blank to write the title.

8. The table should have a title, which should be placed in the middle of the table and numbered with Arabic numerals, such as table 1. Don't add symbols after the table number, and leave the word 1 blank to write the title.

9. All tables should be three-line tables.

10, there are no blank lines between the diagram name and the table name and between the diagram and the table.

1 1, statistical analysis of test data. If computer software is used, try to use publicly released programs. If it is self-compiled, the program should be listed in the appendix at the back of the style. After the average value of each test data in the data sheet, the standard error (S.E.) of the average value should be listed instead of the standard deviation (S.D.). For multiple comparisons of each average, only one significant level (α = 0.05, α = 0.0 1, or α = 0.00 1) should be used, and Duncan's new complex polar difference test (DMRT method) should be used.

12. The units of measurement used in this paper are all in line with the provisions of "Appendix B Quantity and Unit" in the National Journal of Natural Science in Colleges and Universities (Beijing University of Technology Press, 1993), such as kilograms, kilometers, milligrams and kilowatts.

13. If English abbreviations are used in this paper, the full English names should be written when they first appear, such as GNP and DBM.

14. Latin scientific names in this article are indicated in italics. You can't use abbreviations when a common name first appears.

15, the references cited in this paper can adopt "author-publication year" system or sequential coding system.

(1) When the author-publication year system is adopted, the annotation content of the cited literature consists of the author's surname and publication year. If only the author is cited, the publication year of the document is written in parentheses. If only the content of the result is cited without the author, then the author's name and publication year are marked in brackets, separated by ",".

(2) Sequential coding system: when sequential coding system is adopted, the cited documents are coded in Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets, and the serial numbers are used as upper corner marks or as part of sentences according to the specific situation.

Extended data

thesis

Thesis is a Chinese word, and its pinyin is lùn wén, which is a common word in classical literature and refers to conversation or exchange of ideas. Nowadays, papers are often used to refer to articles that conduct research in various academic fields and describe academic research results, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in academic research, but also a tool to describe academic research results in academic exchanges. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on.

structure

A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable.

Title of paper

Requirements are accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.

catalogue

A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)

abstract

It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and concise content.

Keyword definition

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, we should analyze the theme of the paper and convert it into standard words in the thesaurus according to the rules of indexing and collocation. (See Chinese Thesaurus and World Chinese Thesaurus).

Paper text

1, Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.

2. Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:

A. Questions-arguments;

B, analyze the problem-arguments and arguments;

C, solving problems-demonstrating methods and steps;

D. conclusion.

refer to

Thesis references are the main documents that can be referenced or cited in research and writing, and are listed at the end of the paper. References should be marked on a new page according to GB77 14-87 "Description Rules of References at the End of Documents".

Paper binding

All relevant parts of the paper were copied out. After inspection, there is no problem. Put it in the book and add a cover. The cover of the paper should be concise and generous, and the title, school, department, instructor's name, author's name and completion date should be written. The author's name of the thesis topic must be written on the surface, not on the supplementary page inside.

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Papers