Jordis is determined
In the final stage of 1982 deep-sea drilling plan (DSDP), scholars think it is necessary to continue deep-sea and ocean drilling, and make a longer-term international ocean drilling plan, and put forward a new organizational framework and priority research areas. The ocean drilling plan was implemented from 1985 to 1, and was jointly funded by the American Science Foundation and other 18 participating countries. The academic leading institution of ocean drilling program is JOIDES (Federation of Marine Research Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling), and the specific implementing institution is Texas A&M University. The lamont-Doherty Institute of Columbia University is responsible for logging work. Ocean drilling program (ODP) is the continuation of deep-sea drilling program (DSDP). The number of DSDP is 1-99, and the number of ODP is 100. Each station can drill one or several wells. ODP adopts "Jody Determined" drilling ship, with a length of 143m, a width of 2 1m, a derrick height of 6 1m, a displacement of 16862t, a drilling capacity of 95 10m and a maximum drilling depth of 8235m. The ship carried 9150m drill pipes with diameters of127mm and140mm respectively. Jordis Determination, a drilling ship, has much better equipment conditions and technical capabilities than Gloma Challenger, a drilling ship. It has advanced dynamic positioning system, re-drilling technology and heave compensation system, and can carry out drilling operations under storm and wave conditions. There are seven *** 1400m2 laboratories on board, which can be used for analysis, testing and experiments of various geological disciplines. During the period of 1985- 1992, the drilling ship "Jody Determination" sailed around the world, drilled 244 oceanic crust, and collected 500,000 rock samples from 590 boreholes, with a cumulative core length of 68km. China joined the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) in the spring of 1998, and the Jody drilling ship arrived in the South China Sea of China on 18 February, 998. As the station of ODP voyage 184, it lasted for two months and drilled1at six deep-water stations in the north and south of the South China Sea. This voyage ODP 184 revealed the evolution history of the South China Sea, found evidence of submarine expansion before 30Ma and abrupt change of geological climate before 20Ma, and successfully completed the first ocean drilling project in China, with China scientists as the chief scientists and 9 China scholars participating.
The international ocean drilling program (ODP, 1985-2003) and its predecessor, the deep-sea drilling program (DSDP, 1968- 1983), are the largest and longest-lasting international cooperative research programs in the field of earth sciences in the 20th century, but China is in 1998. At the same time, the ocean drilling proposal "Historical Records of East Asian Monsoon in the South China Sea and Its Global Climate Impact" put forward by Academician Wang China ranks first in the global ranking 1997, and was successfully implemented as ODP 184 voyage in the spring of 1999. As the first ocean drilling in the Sea of China, voyage 184 was realized according to the idea of China scholars, under the auspices of China scholars and with the help of the advantages of China people. This is undoubtedly a great victory for the geoscience community in China, which indicates that China's research in this field has entered the international advanced ranks.
On the voyage of ODP 184 in South China Sea, hole 17 was drilled at six deep-water stations in the north and south of the South China Sea, and high-quality continuous cores with a total length of 5,500m were obtained. With the strong support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, hundreds of thousands of high-quality paleontological, geochemical and sedimentological data have been obtained after several years of arduous navigation, and the paleoenvironment and stratigraphic profiles of the world's oceans since 32Ma have been established, which also provides conditions for revealing the history of plateau uplift and monsoon changes and understanding the mechanism of macro-environmental changes in China, and makes China's geological science enter a new stage of land-sea integration.
The specific progress is as follows:
The best deep-sea stratigraphic profiles in the western Pacific are established at different time scales. Among them, the isotope record of 26Ma at 1 148 station in the northern South China Sea is the only continuous section of the world ocean that has not been spliced so far. The Quaternary strata in Dongsha sea area11Ma near station1ma are nearly 500m thick, which provides valuable data for high-resolution paleoenvironmental research.
The role of tropical carbon cycle in the evolution of climate cycle is revealed. The 5Ma carbon isotope records at Nansha 1 143 station show the long-period eccentricity of the half precession period from 0.4Ma to 0. 1Ma, which greatly enriches the understanding of the evolution history of climate cycle. Tropical climate change can affect the process and law of ice age cycle through carbon cycle, which makes the earth system evolve in the form of combination of water cycle and carbon cycle and superposition of short period and long period, showing the same characteristics of high latitude ice sheet drive and low latitude tropical drive.
Deep-sea records of East Asian monsoon evolution. 184 recorded the deep sea for the first time, which was used to study the history of East Asian monsoon. The research shows that the information of ancient monsoon recorded in the South China Sea is stronger than that of winter monsoon, and the evolution stages of East Asian and South Asian monsoon are very similar, but they are different in the periodicity of orbit driving and the alternative signs of identifying ancient monsoon. At the same time, the monsoon changes recorded in the deep water of the South China Sea are well compared with the loess profile in Chinese mainland, which provides a basis for the comparison between land and sea in the study of climate history in China.
Sedimentary evidence for the evolution of the South China Sea. The stratum of 1 148 station covers almost the whole history of the expansion of the South China Sea basin, which provides sedimentary evidence for studying the evolution process of the basin for the first time. The discovery of Oligocene deep-sea facies shows that deep-sea existed in the early stage of basin expansion. However, the tectonic movement about 25Ma before the late Oligocene revealed the great tectonic movement between Paleogene and Neogene that existed widely in East Asia.
In addition to academic progress, South China Sea ocean drilling research has also promoted the development of deep-sea basic research and base construction in China, accelerated the training of talents, and initially formed an international deep-sea research team. In particular, the success of ocean drilling in the South China Sea and China's international activities in ocean drilling have significantly improved China's international academic status in the field of deep-sea research. The ODP program ended in 2003, and now it has entered a new stage of "Integrated Ocean Drilling (IODP)", which has set off a new climax of deep-sea research. China should seize the opportunity and play an important role in the new round of international cooperation.