No matter in study or work, everyone will often see papers. The paper is of great significance to all educators and the improvement of human understanding. Then the question comes, how to write an excellent paper? Let's briefly talk about the artistic features of Su Shi's ci. Welcome to reading. I hope you will like it.

Summary: Su Shi was a famous writer and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He has profound knowledge and artistic accomplishment, and has high attainments in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. There are always different opinions about the artistic features of Su Shi's ci. This paper briefly expounds the artistic characteristics of Su Shi's ci.

Keywords: Tang and Song literature, artistic features of Su Shi's ci

Su Shi (1037—1101), whose real name is Zi Zhan, is a Dongpo layman. Meishan, Song Mei (now Meishan, Sichuan). Injong Jiayou entered the Jinshi in the second year (1057), when he was only 2 1 year old, which won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu. Renzong first read Su Shi's brother's article, but retired and gloated: "My descendants have two prime ministers." When the Song Dynasty was weak, Su Shi advocated "washing and shaking the pen, being upright." Advocate the development of leather. At the beginning of Xining, Wang Anshi reformed. Su Shi opposed the new law, so he left Beijing to be an official in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In July 2002, Yuan Feng was arrested and imprisoned because some New Party members framed his poems satirizing the new law, and almost died. This is the Wutai Poetry Case. After he was released from prison, he was banished to Huangzhou. During this period, he reclaimed land, called himself Dongpo Jushi, and wrote many great books. In the first year of Zhezong (1086), Chao was recalled as a bachelor of Hanlin. Because he disagreed with Sima Guang's total denial of the new law, he was excluded by the old party. He has served as a well-known person in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the year of Zhao Shengyuan, the new party came to power again and was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. Fu Yuan reigned for three years (1 100), and Hui Zong acceded to the throne and was pardoned. Jianzhong died in Changzhou in June (1 10 1). Su Shi's thought is complicated. Politically, Confucianism is the main body, and the attitude towards life is guided by Buddha and Lao. Both the spirit of actively joining the WTO and the super-open mind. This kind of thinking determines that prosperity in other places will not be luxury, and difficulties will not be decadence. Although he failed politically in his life, he also created a generation of literary giants. Su Shi is a well-read and versatile writer. His poems and Huang Tingjian are called Su Huang. His articles, together with his father and brother, were called "Su San" and entered the Tang and Song Dynasties. His calligraphy entered Song Sijia. His writing is unique and superior to others. It broke the tradition of "expressing ambition in poetry, expressing feelings in words", lifted all kinds of shackles of writing from content and form, and made writing a literary form of "having no intention to enter, having nothing to say". The summary of Sikuquanshu says: "Since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Ci has changed from graceful and graceful to Liu Yong, like the poet Bai Juyi; Su Shi changed again, such as the poet Han Yu, and opened the Xin Qiji School in the Southern Song Dynasty. Tracing back to the source, we can't help but say different, and we can't help but say no. Therefore, it is still in parallel with the Huajian School today and cannot be neglected. "

As an all-round artist, a great Confucian politician and a straightforward and dissolute scholar, his life is full of twists and turns. He has been using, flattering, relegating, using, flattering and relegating since he was a child. It's been more than ten years, as if something unfair had happened to him. For Su Dongpo, a scholar with romantic temperament, a bumpy life will inevitably bring attractive poems. Therefore, in the most depressed period, Dongpo wrote his best works, and his poems reached a mature stage. Anger has passed, and bitterness has temporarily passed, leaving a feeling of calm and resignation. Throughout the ages, it seems that the more talented people are, the more ambitious they are, the more worried about the country and the people, and the more bumpy their lives are. In the face of the raging torrent that frequently strikes, some people silently "return to the shore" and want to "know everything and accept everything" and "get drunk". Some people are the mainstay and "wake up all the year round". Some people are independent and fearless, chic and comfortable, and drunk but not awake. Dongpo can remain independent and live alone in the ups and downs of life. After several ups and downs, the great mind also felt the helplessness of life. Dongpo tried to shake off his spirit. The prevailing Zen thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi at that time undoubtedly gave him a glimmer of hope. In such a transcendental realm, he pursues adaptability and yearns for an open-minded and peaceful life. "When you lose yourself, you feel bad about your words. Jiang Zuo is a romantic, and he only seeks fame when he is drunk. I am a Muslim, and I can talk and laugh all my life. The body is like a bamboo exposed to the wind, and Ran Yan is startled by the leaves. Pitching has its own ambitions, and wine poetry is self-contained. " "Stupid crawling leaf worm, flying high. Once you have two wings, you will be sad. A bird chirping in the same nest can be relied on because of fear. Go to Shuisheng Erbei, when will it be returned after it is closed? Who is Erchong? One smile makes a hundred ideas fail. Fortunately, this is not a room, and there are wine lords who do not violate it. " Su Shi's self-understanding in the face of the contradiction between ideal and reality. "Ten years of dreams send the north wind, and this is a real field." He wants to spend the rest of his life in a quiet and beautiful environment, and there seems to be a sigh of drunkenness. But he wasn't really drunk. What makes him drunk is his attitude towards suffering and persecution. He is "indifferent to the sea", how heroic. Therefore, the more comfortable he is, the more he seeks relief, the more he covers up his inner pain with superficial detachment, the more he shows his optimism and stubbornness, and his incomparably broad-minded mind is the more admirable and shocking. "Fresh frost and bright chrysanthemum, the sound of chute bed", Dongpo left him with spiritual pleasure and spiritual pleasure. Between sobriety and drunkenness, only one heart beats forever.

At the same time, as a politician and artist, Su Shi is both unfortunate and lucky. Unfortunately, he has experienced too many ups and downs in his life. Fortunately, it was this misfortune that gave birth to his poetic talent, which made him set up a brand-new monument in the creation of ci, created another precedent of ci, and had his own unique artistic characteristics. There are always different opinions about the artistic features of Su Shi's ci, which can be roughly divided into four categories. One is "bold and unconstrained", the other is "graceful and restrained", the third is "clear and heroic" and the fourth is "affectionate, thoughtful and sincere". As far as "uninhibited" is concerned, Su Shi wrote more than 300 poems in his life, including about 62 poems in the early stage, which were elegant because of Zhang Ziye's influence, and a considerable number of works were not uninhibited in the middle and late stage. Su Shi is unique in "deep affection", "deep thought" and "true feelings", as are Bai Juyi, Lu You and Xin Qiji. In the words of Japanese scholar Xi Zhao Ji, it is: "The characteristics of Su Ci, in a word,' Zi Zhan takes poetry as his ci'." Wang Zhuo's Biji Manzhi said: Su Shi's "taking poetry as a word" is to "point out the upward road in the world, give new eyes and ears, and make the author know himself and inspire himself". In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Ci, as a means of enjoyment before singing and dancing, had an indissoluble bond with eroticism. Ouyang Jiong's Preface to Flowers clearly says: "Carving jade and carving jade, imitating chemical industry, is unique; Cut flowers and leaves, seize the beauty of spring and compete for freshness. ..... There are Ye Yan's sons, embroidering beauties, handing out leaf stationery and painting beautiful brocade; Lift the delicate jade finger and beat the fragrant sandalwood. Not without clear words, but with a charming gesture. Prostitutes in the north have been fanned since the Southern Dynasties Palace. Yu Yu, the so-called show is not true. " Chen, a litterateur in the Song Dynasty, recorded clearly in "Preface to Yangchun Collection": "When Jinling was at its peak, there was nothing inside and outside, relatives and friends kissed the old, or it was a banquet. Even more, it is a new word for Yuefu, so that singers can sing on silk and bamboo, so they can entertain guests and send them off. " Even in the eyes of people at that time, this is the essence of ci, "without some gorgeous words, it is not like the style of ci writers" (Shen Yifu's Yuefu Finger Fan). Ouyang Jiong has a poem "Nanxiangzi", which describes the fresh and beautiful scenery in the southern countryside: "When the road enters the south, the sandalwood leaves are dark red. After a light rain, people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are collecting red beans. -the fiber at the bottom of the tree is waving. " The last point of brush strokes is the delicate "plain hand". From this point of view, "Ci is a colorful subject" is a common mentality of people in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. In the early Song Dynasty, after a period of flooding in the Five Dynasties, especially in the early period of Western Shu, Ci, as a dissolute and enchanting image, was more deeply rooted in people's hearts. Even Yan Shu, who satirizes Liu Yong's "unintentional dancing in Iraq", is full of "a crisp piece of silk, bright lips, pouring green wine and covering with a red scarf" and "slowly attracting my little mother to dance back" Ouyang Wenzhong, who advocates "learning from ancient Ming Dow", even has a lingering tune of "Laughing at the window and caring for each other" ... Love the word "Yuanyang" and "staying in the shadow and starting over", how can a book be written? As for Liu Yong, the content of his ci is slightly expanded. The bustling life of the city, the ideology of the citizens, the grievances of frustrated literati, the unfortunate experiences of lower-class women and so on. As a new theme, it appears from time to time in his works, but as the main theme of Liu Ci, it is still the affair of children. It can be said that ci has become a catharsis tool for literati's irresistible lust.

Only when Su Shi arrived did Song Ci embark on the "upward road". He doesn't like Liu Yong's self-indulgence and Yan Shu's self-division. Instead, it has made earth-shaking changes from the concept itself-improving the quality of Ci. The concrete way is to pull the words to poetry, so that "Ke Yan" and "Xiao Ji" glow with the orthodoxy of poetry. That is to say, "taking poetry as a word" mentioned above, or using words to write all kinds of serious and "flashy" poems, which have always been "orthodox" in simple and complicated real life. We can make a simple comparison between Li Qingzhao and Su Shi, from which we can see how he "improved poetry" and "took poetry as a word". In the history of literature, Li Qingzhao is famous for her poems, but she also writes poems. However, major themes such as current affairs and politics, chanting history and nostalgia are generally recited in poems, while minor themes such as personal joys and sorrows, chanting flowers and cherishing spring are generally given words. This makes most of her poems with obvious political inclination, solemn and stirring. Let's try to read her summer quatrains. "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost." . I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. "It's like seeing angry King Kong. Commenting on her poem "Ode to an Epic", Zhu once said: "Although China's dispersion is not a country, it is comparable to Wang Mang. In this case, the average woman can't say it. " ("Zhuzi's Parts of Speech" Volume 140) However, due to the narrow theme of her poems, people can't feel the slightest "heroic" spirit, and some are warm and affectionate. For example, her "Plum and Plum": "Flowers come from Shui Piao, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation. You can only frown and take it to heart. " Delicate and realistic writing about the psychological state of women in boudoir has reached an unprecedented height in the authenticity and profundity of feelings, which is not found in her poems. In the Outline of the History of China's Ci, Hu commented that her Ci "can best express the beautiful sentiments of women". In the past, all the' boudoir feelings' written by male poets and their' women's language' will be eclipsed before taking clear photos. "

Different from Li Qingzhao, Su Shi's ci and his poems are basically the same or similar in ideological content and artistic style. We try to read his "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou", which shows that the "old father-in-law" was extremely brave and heroic in the middle of the year, and defended the border and attacked the enemy. Reading his "Don't Listen to the Beating of Leaves in the Woods", we can see that he is not afraid of the wind and rain, but complacent in adversity, that is, "I will stand firm despite difficulties and obstacles" (Xiao Shijie's Preface to the Tang and Song Dynasties) and let nature take its course. Reading his "Huanxisha: Blue Buds Soaking in the Stream under the Mountain", we can see his strong and positive optimism. In memory of his dead wife, he wrote "Jiangchengzi" and shed "a thousand tears" for his dead wife. Thinking of his lost brother, he wrote "When will there be a bright moon?" , expressed the brotherhood of "wishing people a long time, thousands of miles away". When he thought of his hometown, he wrote "Jianghan came from the west, and the tall buildings were dark blue grapes, but he still brought himself, and the snow waves were spring in Jinjiang" ("Man Jiang Hong"). Seeing the flowers and the moon in front of him, he "advised the horizon and the moon with a cup, wishing the moon was full." Holding a cup is more to persuade the flowering branches, hoping that the flowering branches will grow, and I will not leave them "("Yu Meiren "). He not only wrote serious life content in words, but also expressed his love for his children in words, which is still lingering and graceful. For example:

"The lack of a month to drain the tung, leaking people in Jing Chu. Who saw you alone? Fuzzy and lonely. At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings. Lonely sandbar is cold. "

This word was written by Su Shi when he demoted Huangzhou. There is a cloud in "The Inscription of the Valley": "The meaning is high, it seems that it is not a fireworks." And "thousands of books, who doesn't know it, his writing is tacky" can't get there. According to the top ten nouns in Song Dynasty. Dongpo's ci contains this word order and tells a sad and desolate story. There is a Du Wen women's prison in Huizhou, which is quite colorful. Sixteen years old, refused to get married. I'm glad to hear about Poe's arrival. Every night, when I smell Poe's irony, I wander under the window. When I touched the slope and pushed open the window, my daughter climbed over the wall. So Poe came to him and said, "Tell Wang Lang to marry his son. A few days later, the slope crossed the sea, and the woman died and was buried on the beach. Bao Hui Hui, give this word. "

The preface is as ethereal as Su Shi's ci. Unreal and blurred, quite a bit fairy. Su Shi lives in Dinghui Garden. Every time he recites a poem late at night, there is always a beautiful woman wandering outside the window. By the time I opened the window to look for it, she had climbed over the wall. "The lack of a month to drain the tung, leaking people in Jing Chu. Who saw you alone? Lonely and lonely. " You should mean the mysterious and beautiful woman. This woman seems to exist for Su Shi. After Su Shi left Huizhou, the woman died and her body was buried in the sandbar. When Su Shi returned to Huizhou, he saw a pile of loess, and his resentment was beyond words. "Start a business but look back, hate no one. Lonely sandbar is cold. " In just a few dozen words, it gently tells a touching love story. Wu Zeng's "A Random Record of Nengbian Zhai" said: "It means a royal daughter, and readers can't understand it. After being demoted to Huangzhou, Shi visited Pan Lao and he heard about it. His poem is titled Zhi Yun: When will the bright moon sleep, when will it be lonely and graceful? Some people stood by in the clear river, and Kudzu's cane peeped at the sky. In the dim light of night, Leng Yue was crying in the dark, and Hong Ying was tilted and his clothes were wet. Immortals take poems as empty steps, and the Jade Emperor drinks them. " People are like people, but neither flood nor human nature is the same as flood. People don't hide from Hong, and Hong doesn't hide from others. Man and Hiro are one, and Hiro is entrusted to meet people. "People like Qiu Hong have faith and have gone like spring dreams." On the 22nd of the first month, Pan Guoer and I went out for a spring outing. Last year, I went to the Queen's city on the same day and wrote some harmonious rhyming poems. Life is like a swan, coming and going, generation after generation. But a person's experience, like a spring dream, goes without a trace and is hard to remember. On the theory of "having sustenance" and "having no sustenance", Zhou Ji thinks that "you can't get in without sustenance" and "you can't get out only with sustenance". Dongpo's ci can reach this situation because it is "not a word entrusted", but "triggered by Fogg himself and revealed without knowing it."

He Shangyun said, "Su Zizhan has a mockery of' clad in copper and iron plates', while his" Huanxisha "(spring boudoir) says,' The new rope is light and often takes advantage of the situation, and the red window is hard to sleep without listening to the warbler'. Such a wind can make a girl of seventeen or eighteen sing. Is it because of the "small wind and the waning moon"? " (Zou Shuixuan's Ci Dictionary) Wang Shizhen also said when commenting on his "Butterfly Lovers" (flowers are red, green and apricot are small): "Willow cotton on the branches may be a waste of land and may not be successful. What do you mean, but it is interpreted as "the river of no return"? ("Flowers and plants are picked")

Liu Xizai once said: "Dongpo's ci is quite similar to Lao Du's poem, because there is nothing to say. If you are free, you will be close to Li Taibai. " Du Fu is known as a poet. He wrote down the history of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline with his own poems. Liu Xizai's comparison of Su Ci to Du Fu's poems is indeed a bit exaggerated, but he saw the similarities or similarities between Su Shi's poems and Ci, and affirmed that Su Shi's view of consciously "taking poetry as Ci" was correct.

People talk about Su Shi's poems, saying that "its realm is unprecedented, and everything in the world is inspired by the pen" (Ye Xie's original poem). "Those who sweat profusely, are elegant, beautiful, simple, and open and close suddenly are ever-changing" (Liu Kezhuang's Later Story). Su Shi's ci is not as profound and colorful as his poems, but a careful study of his ci will reveal that only such figures are depicted in his ci: historical heroes such as "black silk scarf with feather fan" and "heroic hair" (Nian Nujiao); A generous person who can "bow like a full moon, look northwest and shoot Sirius" (Jiang); A simple farmer who "sells cucumbers in cow clothes and sells ancient willows" (Huanxisha); A playful girl who "walked through the Luo Jing skirt" (Huanxisha); "Write thousands of words, ten thousand volumes in my chest; Why is it so difficult? " (Qin)' s emotional teenager; "Bamboo straw sandals are lighter than horses" and "a misty rain lasts a lifetime" (a storm). Liu Chenweng said: "Dongpo's words are aboveboard, such as poetry and prose, such as wonders of heaven and earth." (Preface to Xinjiaxuan) Liu Xizai said that he "had no intention to enter and had nothing to talk about", and everyone should write it.

"Poetry as Ci" has changed in content and form, but this change has not exceeded the following scope, that is, it has expanded from a narrow reflection of the relationship between men and women in literati life to a broader reflection of many other aspects of literati life, or from a special reflection of a more dissolute life to a more elegant life at the same time. "(Shen Zufen wood" Appreciation of Song Ci "appendix)

Wang quoted Mao's words in The Theory of Ancient and Modern Ci: "Dongpo does not return to the river" and "the humanities on the west side of the base are the Red Cliff among the Three Kingdoms", and the argument should be broken by the word "yes"; On meaning, it should be read on the word' yuan'. Xiao Qiao married a handsome guy first', and the next sentence is' Le'; On meaning, the word' le' is the last sentence. Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo was born early, so was the word' I'. The statement that "what leaves people seems to be not a small flower, but a drop of tears" is taken as the word "point". In meaning, it should be the word' flower'. Text is text, song is song; However, the song does not hinder the text, and the text does not hinder the song. It's where Brother Po put himself. The two sentences "writing is writing, singing is singing" and "singing does not hinder writing, writing does not hinder singing" show Su Shi's bold and innovative spirit of breaking through the shackles of temperament here. He wrote "New Words" into "long and short poems". Since "new words" are "poems with long and short sentences", ambition, reason, interest, pastoral scenery, sadness and everything that poetry can express can be included. As long as it can be done: "its feelings will be cool, its scenery will be cool." "His words blurted out, and there was no state of makeup at all." (Wang Guowei's Poems on Earth) When talking about Su Shi's "Poetry as Ci", Wang Ruoxu once said: "Poetry is only a principle and cannot be generalized. Since the end of the world, it has been made for its delicacy, softness and crispness, so as to be popular. Superior means superior, or superior, and more and more frustrated. Therefore, he said that his body is of course, and he did not know that the abuse was so far. " This is a very insightful statement, which should be Su Shi's confidant.

Su Shi failed or succeeded in politics. Without his political ups and downs, a great poet might not have appeared. Perhaps this is the misfortune of the times and the great fortune of the poet. In the political struggle of disputes, it is indeed wise for Su Shi to create his own spiritual home with Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's Buddhism and Taoism as his spiritual refuge. Huineng said, "Being broad-minded is like emptiness." If Zen is empty, it is empty. The world is empty, and it can contain the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the rivers and all the vegetation. ""Sex contains all kinds of laws, and all kinds of laws are self-nature. "For artists, only by getting rid of distractions and keeping the ethereal peace of mind can they get the maximum thinking space and create an artistic realm with perfect spirit and deep feelings. This is the philosophical connotation of Su Shi's "God meets everything" and a good interpretation of his works.

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