The birth of every great man is accompanied by tempering and baptism before heaven. Confucius was undoubtedly an ascetic monk all his life. He was born in a famous family, but he had to face the reality that his family had fallen. He created the idea of benevolence, but he had to deal with the world of intrigue. The poverty of youth did not destroy his lofty aspirations, the frustration of middle age did not shake his fighting spirit, and the funeral in his later years did not stop the sublimation of his thoughts! At the age of 30, he began to run education and private schools, allowing poor people to enter the knowledge hall. His teaching thought of "teaching without distinction" is that the knowledge dissemination of the Chinese nation has broken through the gap between birth and class, and his thought of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" is that knowledge has taken off, making it enter the people and face the public. He made the Chinese nation a "well-known" nation. His feat more than 2,500 years ago was that the knowledge level of our nation far exceeded that of any nation at that time, and accumulated a strong knowledge force for the rapid development of the Chinese nation in various prosperous times a few years later.
This kind old man not only told his students and thousands of Chinese sons and daughters in Qian Qian behind him the purpose of learning knowledge, but also gave the world a way to learn. The big aspect can rule the country and level the world, and the small aspect can cultivate self-cultivation. He enlightened the world with righteousness, expounded the idea of benevolence, and spread the idea of benevolence with wisdom and faith. Learning methods should be "reviewing the past and learning the new" and "drawing inferences from others", reflecting the immortal wisdom and brilliance of great men in details!
Immortal thoughts always keep pace with the times. Confucius, an old man of Lu, a great philosopher who worked hard to promote education, spread righteousness and show the general plan of governing the country, still shines brilliantly today in the 2 1 century, and has been given new significance by the times. In today's world, "clash of civilizations" can be seen everywhere, and local wars are filled with smoke, chaos and turmoil, and suffering is deep. The problems brought by social transformation in China also need to be solved urgently. What is most needed in today's era? Need "harmony"! Isn't Confucius' ideal a harmonious society that cares about people's livelihood and does its duty? Confucius said, "Don't be poor and suffer from inequality, and don't be poor and worry." This is in line with China's current pursuit of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and taking the road of socialist prosperity! More than 2500 years have passed, but Confucius' thoughts have always stood in the East and gone to the world!
This is Confucius in my mind, a great man who has made great contributions to the education of the Chinese nation!
2. e- Wang Zhi answered the composition on the topic of benevolence in the first volume of Grade One, I hope it will help you!
Confucius' benevolence-oriented thought, whether serving parents at home or treating colleagues at the DPRK, is always benevolence-oriented and extended, so that the whole country is filled with the fragrance of benevolence.
The benevolence I can pursue all my life is not the benevolence of a woman. I am indecisive and can't make a decision. I treat everything with a broad mind. Once, at a large banquet in Chu Zhuangwang, all the ministers were drunk unconscious, and suddenly the lights went out. A minister waited for an opportunity to flirt with the princess favored by the king of Chu, who was also very witty. He pulled down his official hat and shouted loudly. The king of Chu's reaction was to let everyone throw their hats on the ground first, and then light the lamps. The king of Chu did not kill anyone because of carelessness, which made the minister who should have died grateful.
A few years later, the state of Qin came to attack Chu, and the Chu army was wiped out. Just as the king of Chu was in a critical autumn, a general bravely saved him regardless of the danger. When he was rewarded, the king of Chu was curious about his loyalty and replied with tears: "I am a courtier of the indecent princess." I can continue to live because of the kindness of the king, so I have been looking for it. " King Chu's unintentional kindness saved a man's life, and that man returned it at his own risk when he was dying, which can witness the benefits brought by witnesses.
Benevolence, let's value harmony and be happy with others; Benevolence makes people around you feel warm and peaceful; Benevolence, let this society level the atmosphere of violence and raise a beautiful flag with every step. Benevolence can influence and pass on each other. When we treat people with benevolence, benevolence rolls back to you like a bouncy ball, and the warmth we can feel is fragrant and lasting.
As long as others uphold kindness, there will be no more crimes in this society; As long as everyone is close to kindness, the flower of virtue will bloom among people. Let's start with myself. "Benevolence" is a word I have been pursuing all my life. I hope to be a gardener who spreads "benevolence" like Confucius when I grow up.
3. There is a saying from Confucius in The Analects of Confucius: "He is also a filial brother. People who are good at making mistakes rarely make mistakes, but those who are good at making trouble will not." Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence! "
A son said, "He is filial to his parents and loves his younger brother, but he likes to offend his superiors. This kind of person is rare; " I don't like to offend my superiors, but I like people who are rebellious. It has never been like this. A gentleman devotes himself to basic work, and when the foundation is established,' Tao' comes into being. Be filial to your parents and love your younger brother. This is the foundation of' benevolence'! "
Confucius said, "Disciple, if you enter, you will be filial; if you leave, you will be sincere; if you believe, you will believe; if you love others all the time, you will be kind. I have spare capacity to study literature. "
Confucius said: "Teenagers are filial to their parents in front of them; When you leave your house, you love your brother; Quiet, honest and trustworthy, love the public, and be kind to the people. After practicing like this, if you have any remaining strength, then study the literature. "
There should be an example of "benevolence" or "friendship" in The Analects. The first article is 400 words, about a gentleman. I seem to hear Li Bai walking towards the sky with a smile. Is it the laughter of Artemisia people? This is the quality of a gentleman. It's not hypocritical, it's not disguised.
Speaking of gentlemen, I seem to see the ambiguity between Shimi and a bird. I am willing to beg for help and serve my grandmother. It's unbearable Animals are polite and repay with gratitude. How can people lose their morality? This is the wind of a gentleman. In real life, we all have Zhou Dunyi's longing for green things, Li Bai's chic integrity and Shimi's filial piety. Can you stick to it? A gentleman in everyone's eyes should be able to race horses on his forehead.
Indeed, people should be generous, which is the way of being a man in contemporary society. However, in my eyes of 18 years old, being a gentleman is often not enough.
You also need a sense of reverence for people and life. Only when you have awe of people's hearts can you find your inner roots and walk into butterflies calmly.
In addition, we should keep a green heart. Green is a symbol of life, a stubborn color and people's spiritual pursuit. The world is full of green talents. In contemporary times, people only have fame and status in their hearts. In order to satisfy these, they try their best to face life hypocritically, but can they remember in their minds that a gentleman loves money and takes it properly? This is not the behavior of civilized people in the new era, let alone the behavior of gentlemen.
2 1 century is the era when the motherland rises in the east, and 2 1 century is the era when the motherland builds a harmonious society. What does this depend on? It is a gentleman's integrity. The post-90s generation is the pride of the motherland and the sun of tomorrow. In our hearts, we should always maintain the quality of a gentleman and strive to realize our dreams. We should have a green vision of life, make our life always green, make our life always green, so that we can be among the public.
Speaking of the gentleman in his eyes, Wen Tianxiang has never died since ancient times, and has retained Dan's lofty aspirations. Fan Zhongyan's understanding of life that he is not good at things and not sad for himself flashed by; It also shows Du Fu's feat of owning thousands of spacious buildings, which greatly protects the poor in the world. They are gentlemen and great people.
But in contemporary society, such people seem to have disappeared. The most important thing for a gentleman in my eyes is to be self-reliant and virtuous.
As early as 2500 years ago, Confucius said an old saying: "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you.". This sentence tells the true meaning of being a man. The so-called "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" means pushing others with your own heart. How do you want to live, you think others will want to live; If you don't want others to treat you, don't treat others like that; If you want to stand up and understand in society, you will also help others stand up and understand. In short, start from your own heart and push others to understand and treat others. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" simply means to put yourself in others' shoes, which means the same as what people in China often say: put yourself in others' shoes and so on. Why are some people so friendly? The real reason is: as you sow, you reap. Sow an action and you will reap a habit; Sow a habit and you will get a personality; Sow a personality and you will get a destiny; Sow a good thing and you will get a good result; Sow the seeds of evil and you will get bad results. You have the right to treat others unfairly, but your unfair attitude will make you "eat your own fruit" Moreover, further, the consequences of every thought you release will return to yourself. Because all your actions and thoughts about others are recorded in your subconscious through the principle of self-suggestion. The essence of these behaviors and thoughts will correct your own character, and your character is equivalent to a magnetic field, attracting people or situations with the same personality to you. To be precise, "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" means: civilization. It is not easy for a person to truly become a civilized person. It is precisely because this is a very high and difficult requirement that our present society is always advocating "spiritual civilization construction" repeatedly. China has produced many sages who have pushed themselves and others. The story of Dayu's water control is a noble example of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "establish a way for people" and "achieve great things". When Dayu accepted the task of water control, he just married a girl from Tushan Stone. When he thought that someone had been drowned, his heart felt as if his relatives had been killed. Leading 270,000 flood control people to carry out flood control work day and night. During the flood fighting, Dayu San stayed at home. After 13 years of fighting, nine big rivers were dredged, which made the flood flow into the sea and eliminated the flood, and made great achievements. After that, there was a folk song named "Dayu Harnessing Water": Dayu harnessed water for thirteen years. Unite as one and listen to opinions diligently. If you don't come into the house three times, you forget all about eating and sleeping. The river will clean up the flood and the people will be happy to irrigate the farmland. During the Warring States Period, a man named Meng Zi talked about this matter. He boasted, "If I were allowed to control water, I would certainly do better than Yu. Wouldn't it be much easier if I dredged the river and let the flood flow to neighboring countries? Mencius said to him rudely, "You are wrong! If the neighboring countries are regarded as water gathering places, the flood will flow back and cause even greater disasters. People with kindness don't do this. This is the origin of the idiom "beggar thy neighbor". Judging from the two stories of Dayu's water conservancy and Bai Gui's talk about water conservancy, it is inevitable that Bai Gui only thinks of himself and doesn't think of others. This wrong idea of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" will harm others and yourself. However, this not only eliminated the disaster of our own people, but also eliminated the disaster of the people of neighboring countries. This spirit of putting yourself in others' shoes deserves our admiration and imitation. The moral feelings of "putting yourself in the other's shoes" have a wide influence not only in China, but also all over the world. It is said that Confucius' famous saying "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" hangs in the headquarters of the International Red Cross.
5. Write a paragraph with benevolence as the main topic. In the history of benevolence research, there are five main forms to explain "benevolence": noumenon benevolence: it means that "benevolence" is a transcendent, absolute and ultimate existence, which is the ultimate basis of all things in the world and the value basis of universal life without any restrictions; Benevolence of the realm: that is, it shows an extreme oriental realm in which man and everything in the world are integrated; Benevolence of human nature: "benevolence" embodies the affirmation and attention to people's own status and value, and the protection of people's dignity and rights; Ecological benevolence: it shows the natural harmony between the human world and other life worlds and nature; Through benevolence: "benevolence" contains the important connotation of connecting everything in the world, connecting things with me and connecting people with me.
These five interpretations not only enrich and develop the connotation of "benevolence", but also provide valuable experience for interpreting the category of ancient philosophy.
6. About the paper on benevolence in The Analects of Confucius talked about "benevolence" as many as 105 times in The Analects of Confucius. Although the objects involved include a wide range of fields such as courtesy, loyalty, filial piety and respect, he stressed that "people are not sages, to err is human?" People are heartless, so what are you happy about? "He also said," My way is consistent. ".
Confucius regards "benevolence" as the fundamental way of his theory, which is relatively uncontroversial. The question is, what is "benevolence"? One. The supreme Tao is invisible. For "benevolence", Confucius gave several different answers when answering his disciples' questions.
He said to Yan Yuan, "Self-denial is benevolence." He said to Zhong Gong, "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you."
He said to Sima Niu, "Different people have different opinions." Say "love" to Fan Chi, say "live respectfully, respect deacons and be loyal to others."
Regarding Lu Aigong's question, he said, "Everyone is benevolent." Scholars often scrutinize it from the perspectives of exegetics and semantics.
For example, Two People interprets benevolence as kissing. Interpretation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Benevolence, kindness and obedience to others."
But now some people read "master" from the unearthed ancient characters (with the word above and the word below), which means benevolence refers to the love of a gentleman. And so on, there is no consensus.
This leaves a lot of room for future generations to guess (or learn). Some scholars believe that Confucius' concept of "benevolence" is vague.
It is generally believed that "the benevolent loves others" is the most appropriate expression of "benevolence". But later Mencius went on to talk about the difference between "being close to the people" and "loving the people", which became the conclusion of Neo-Confucianism.
Even later generations extended to the debate on public morality, private morality, family and legal system, and some even came to the conclusion that social corruption was caused by Confucius. In fact, all the above are just words to prove the meaning of "benevolence".
Including from the perspective of exegetics, archaeology and the comparison between Chinese and western cultural systems, but also from the text for textual research and inference. There are a vast number of Confucian documents. Is it possible for us to directly inherit Confucius' own realm of "benevolence"? This is what this article will discuss.
Significantly, in the Analects of Confucius, we see that Confucius has stated the category of "benevolence" many times, and then said to his disciples, "I have no secrets, and I have no behavior without my second or third son." He also said to Zigong, "I have nothing to say."
"Day what words zai? When you are at four o'clock, everything is born. What is the sky? " What does this mean? Yan Yuan, the most proud disciple of Confucius, lamented that the way of Confucius was inexhaustible. "The higher you lift, the harder you drill. The more you look forward, the more you suddenly fall behind." Why? It's subtle.
Confucius' grandson Zisi wrote The Doctrine of the Mean, which impressed Confucianism and Taoism deeply, saying, "The way of a gentleman is hidden." "Can't see, always change, do nothing.
The way of heaven and earth can be summed up in one word; If it's different, it's unpredictable. "The operation of the avenue has changed a lot.
The way of heaven and earth is born from one to two, from two to three, and even an infinite phenomenon world, so the way of heaven and earth begins with invisibility. "The gentleman's way, by the words of the couple; What's more, look at heaven and earth. "
As small as a cup of tea and a meal, as big as the truth between heaven and earth, it is the manifestation of Tao. Use a popular metaphor.
For example, when we see a wave, we know it is water. However, if we think that only waves are water, then we lose our prejudice.
Because through solid ice and gas vapor, different forms of water can be expressed. We are looking for the meaning of "benevolence", which is the same.
Every answer to Confucius' statement of "benevolence" expresses the meaning of "benevolence" in specific circumstances; But if you insist, every answer is incomplete. Because the supreme Tao is invisible, just like everything is born in the four seasons, Confucius' words and deeds show benevolence anytime and anywhere; This supreme Tao is essentially invisible and shows everything, which cannot be completely defined and expressed by concrete words or concrete material forms.
Therefore, in this sense, Confucius' benevolence is a problem of grasping the whole people with heart, not a textual research problem of the logic of arts and sciences. Without this basic point, "the benevolent loves others" will become passive water.
It can be seen that it is wrong to seek the scholastic (or philosophical) answer to "what is benevolence" from the beginning. Second, the combination of body and function. So, isn't Confucius' benevolence impossible to be understood? Maybe many people have had the same experience as me: I have studied the Analects of Confucius for many years, and what I read is other people's business.
Last March, I reread the Analects of Confucius, and I came to "Is benevolence far away?" ? I want benevolence, I am benevolence. "I feel that I have a great desire, my heart is full, and I can't hold it.
This means that, as the ancients said, "When you meet grandpa on the cross street", you can't help but open your arms, clench your fists and dance. Everything I read from now on is about myself.
Wang Yangming, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, pointed out: "If you want to see this truth, you must understand it yourself and ask for it from outside." What is a "true opinion"? Not from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body, but from the wisdom of the mind, you can see everything and nothing.
Only by not clinging to one thing can we see the whole truth. What is "seeking outside without being empty"? I don't lie, I don't speak without proof, I seek enlightenment from the heart. Once I break the bottom of the bucket, I can get a real solution.
(1) Confucius himself rarely talked directly about the enlightenment of benevolence. In The Analects of Confucius, it is recorded that "Zi Han talks about profit and gives birth to benevolence".
However, we can still get a glimpse of a thing or two from Confucius' self-report: "You can know your destiny at fifty, be obedient at sixty, and not exceed your desires at seventy." I realize that people who "do what they want from the heart" are calm and calm, but they are not led by material desires.
Those who "don't overstep the moment" surpass themselves and see clearly the good and evil between people and me, and even everything in the world, which comes from and goes out. This indifferent great wisdom is the performance of benevolence.
This state, according to Mencius, is "understanding wholeheartedly", that is, Yang Ming's "to conscience" sounds a bit mysterious.
In fact, there is no difference between a saint and a layman. We can't see the truth of the road because we have selfish obstacles, but we can't understand it even if we see it. "Ill-gotten wealth is as expensive as floating clouds to me."
"A dish, a gourd ladle of wine, in this base lane. If people can't bear it, they will be worried. If they return, they will not change their fun. "
Later generations imitate the virtue of saints, but only stay in form, which has not yet entered the door. Although I have no desire, I still have one in my heart.
Until I lost and lost, even I didn't. All of a sudden, all my thoughts are gone, and everything is silent, a little lonely and bright, but not ignorant.
Like a cloud crossing the moon, you see it.
7. In the history of Ren's composition, great rivers are magnificent, inspiring heroes: Yue Fei, Qi Jiguang, swearing to defend the border and serving the country faithfully; Qu Yuan and Wen Tianxiang, full of loyalty to their country, shed tears. Their spirit has been passed down to this day, and their lofty deeds are shocking and sighing. I admire such a thinker among many heroes. He broke through the turbulent waves for future generations and immediately showed thousands of sunsets on the way forward. His incarnation formed a powerful weather vane, and the end of the wind direction was dazzling and magnificent. If you want to get there, you must learn to manage yourself. This weather vane guides our life goals and principles of being a man. This man is the great Confucius.
Benevolence is what I pursue. "Benevolence is love". Be kind and respectful to friends, relatives or strangers. Honesty, duty, respect for the old and love for the young are the crystallization of these Chinese virtues. Benevolence is also benevolence, so benevolence is justice. Being kind to people first becomes benevolence, benevolence and justice, and then is an upright gentleman. Confucius' words are concise but profound, and always make people realize the abstract truth outside life.
Some people say that Confucius is ugly. Not bad! Confucius did, but how can you be benevolent, benevolent and benevolent just by beauty? Only when someone has a home can there be a country. Benevolent people must be benevolent, benevolent people must be benevolent, benevolent people must be benevolent, and the cycle is so far, and the country and the people are safe. For example, beauty, a gentleman rules the world with five beauties: "a gentleman benefits without foundation, works without resentment, desires without greed, is Thai without arrogance, and is strong but not fierce." Not physical beauty. "Benefit without cost" means to lead people to make a living with wisdom, so that people can live and work in peace and contentment, and people naturally work without regrets. This is the road to world peace! I am well dressed, with dignified eyes and solemn manners. I am daunting, but I am afraid but not fierce. But on the one hand, it's like the development of civilization and culture has reached its zenith, so there is a saying that "half an Analects of Confucius governs the world" and "half a chapter of Analects of Confucius can revitalize China".
Benevolent, "see no evil, don't listen to evil, be silent, and don't move until evil." Confucius' words and deeds are also observed. With the belief of "benevolence" in the heart, practice will be followed. In public, respect other people's remarks. This reminds me of a sentence: "I refute your remarks, but I will defend your right to speak to the death." There is a story about Confucius: once, Confucius traveled around the world. When he was walking in the street, it suddenly rained cats and dogs. Confucius was caught off guard and had to hide under the eaves of others, drenched like a drowned rat. People in the street laughed at Confucius as a stray dog and a frog in the well. Confucius did not refute anything. The people in that street are very strange. Asked why, Confucius only said one word: "benevolence." People in the street continued to ask doubtfully, and Confucius said, "Benevolence should be applied in life. Now we are benevolent, benevolence-oriented, and gentlemen are the way to be human. If we treat people with knowledge and kindness, we will treat people with tolerance. If we are benevolent, we can be good, evil or evil, but we must have kindness in our hearts and use faith to resolve him. " Hearing this, people in the street felt ashamed and immediately knelt down to worship Confucius as their teacher, and later became celebrities and gentlemen. This story tells us to be kind, to influence others, not to get angry over trifles, to be tolerant and forgiving, to debate other people's different views, but to respect other people's rights, because everyone has self-esteem, not because they are beautifully dressed, rich and have status, but because they are often uneducated. Those people indulge themselves, seek greed for others, and gentlemen advocate justice. This is "the gentleman seeks for himself, and the villain seeks for himself."
The Analects of Confucius is the essence of the brilliant wisdom and morality of the Chinese nation. In the surging river, heroic sons and daughters are surging in the waves.
8. Write an understanding of "benevolence" in The Analects of Confucius, no less than 600 words, and trust qq privately. Confucius said, "Clever words make the color bright."
Confucius said, "If you speak well and pretend to be likable, such people will have little kindness."
[Personal Analysis] Confucius talks about benevolence from the opposite side here. Confucius advocated simplicity and opposed exaggeration. He advocates being careful what you say, and doing what you say before you do it. He particularly emphasized that people should match their words with deeds and not talk empty words. This down-to-earth attitude and simple spirit have long influenced China people and become the essence of China's traditional ideology and culture.
Confucius said, "Benevolent people can be good and hateful."
Confucius said, "Only those who are kind can love and hate others."
Personal analysis: Confucius said "benevolence", not only "love", but also "hate". Only when he has achieved "benevolence" can he have a correct love-hate relationship.
[The Original Analects of Confucius] Fan Chi asked Ren, saying, "A benevolent person can be said to be a benevolent person if he first realizes his difficulties."
Fan Chi asked Confucius what benevolence was, and Confucius said, "The benevolent is ahead of others in difficult things. If he has income, he has to be behind others, which can be said to be benevolence. "
[The Analects of Confucius] Confucius said: "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan; The knower moves, and the benevolent is quiet; Those who know are happy, and those who are good live long. "
Confucius said: "love the water, a wise man, loves mountains;" Smart people are flexible, and benevolent people are single-minded. Wise people are happy, and benevolent people live long. "
9. Writing on the topic of "benevolence"
Kindness and kindness. . ..
Isn't the word benevolence the word we should think about?
Some people talk about benevolence and morality, but have they actually done it? Just for the sake of their own prosperous road, but who would have thought that there are not only people who are greedy for small profits, but also people who deserve our admiration, remember? Guan Yu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms vowed not to vote for Cao Cao.
Benevolence, isn't this the unique quality of China people?
Shouldn't we learn to pass the general?
Shouldn't your heart be full of justice? Why do modern people lack benevolence and righteousness? Hey. ..