Accurate judgment, in the event of an earthquake, because of the short time, the range of possible choices is extremely narrow or there is no choice at all. What kind of emergency measures people should take is difficult to determine a universal and practical unified model. They can only make choices and judgments quickly according to the surrounding environmental conditions, seize all favorable opportunities, strive to seek safety in danger and get the greatest chance of survival. This is the purpose of emergency selection in an earthquake. In order to do this, we must keep a clear consciousness at the moment of the earthquake, quickly identify the surrounding situation, and take correct shock absorption behavior. Most of them are alive when they are in danger. It is not difficult to see from the sampling survey results of 974 people who like the new and hate the old in Tangshan earthquake that 258 people took correct emergency measures during the earthquake, of which 188 people succeeded, accounting for 72.9%. This fact shows that as long as the judgment is accurate, the action is decisive and the method is proper, good hedging effect can generally be achieved during the earthquake. The self-protection measures of bungalow residents are adapted to local conditions and act quickly. During the Tangshan earthquake, a young couple lived in a bungalow in the earthquake zone. When the earthquake happened, the young men had fallen under the edge of the kang, and the young women had just been carried to the edge of the kang when the house collapsed and both men and women died. Judging from the previous investigation of many earthquake precursor anomalies, there is usually a few seconds or even dozens of seconds of warning time before a major earthquake occurs. In the bungalow, we should take emergency measures according to local conditions and act quickly. If it is located near doors and windows, and there are no obstacles or dangerous goods, narrow windows and alleys outside, you should immediately rush out of the house; If it is too late to rush out of the house, you should adjust measures to local conditions immediately to avoid temporary hedging in reliable hedging places. Decisive shock absorption, don't hesitate. The sudden occurrence of earthquakes often makes most people unprepared. Once they realize that they are in danger, there is no room for hesitation and glance left and right at this moment. Getting out of danger and finding a way out is a top priority for human life. No matter what kind of hedging action is taken, it depends on the surrounding specific environment and conditions. Run away if you can, hide if you can, make a quick decision, not seek perfection. At the moment of the earthquake, it is actually very difficult to take foolproof actions to avoid danger. The building damage caused by the earthquake is only a flash. Therefore, anyone who runs out is a person, and must not go out and come back. During the Tangshan earthquake, there was a young man in lunan district who had already run out of the house during the earthquake, but when he heard his wife's cry, he went back to the house for rescue. His family was buried in the ruins, and he was also heavily responsible. Otherwise, one person is saved and the whole family is expected to be saved. Hide or run, take the camera with you. Generally, an earthquake of magnitude 6 occurs, and the epicenter intensity is only VIII degrees, so that the second-and third-class houses will not be damaged, and the scope of the extreme earthquake zone is generally only about 20 square kilometers. The risk of flying blindly is very great, and the shock absorption on site is safer. 1When an earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred in Liyang County, Jiangsu Province on July 9, 979, people fled blindly in panic. According to statistics, 80% of the seriously injured and 90% of the death rate are caused by being smashed or crushed when just fleeing to the door. Calm down and get out of danger. A young man lived in a building during the Tangshan earthquake. He was awakened when the building shook. He got up quickly. At this time, several four-hole boards fell down and formed a hole in the corner. He resolutely hid in. At this moment, the place where he stood was buried by the floor, but it was safe and sound. Hiding under the bed, I survived. Three technicians from the Earthquake Investigation Brigade were sent to Tangshan for earthquake monitoring and stayed in a guest house. During the earthquake, a man was awakened and told his companion to cover his head with a pillow and hide under the bed. When his companion woke up, the roof collapsed and he died on the spot, but he survived. Shock absorber on the spot, don't escape. If an earthquake has occurred, it has not been noticed and prepared before the earthquake, especially for people living in buildings, even if they flee quickly, they will not be out of danger, but will be more vulnerable. According to 76 observation data of M = 5 1 earthquake, Japanese scholars have made research and statistics, and concluded that the vibration duration of M = 8 earthquake is only about 50 seconds. Coupled with the shaking caused by seismic waves, people are dizzy, such as a boat riding the wind and waves, leaning back and forth, standing unsteadily, and moving extremely hard. Even if they are aware of the earthquake, it is difficult for them to escape from the outdoors and avoid dangerous places in such a short time. For example, during the Tangshan earthquake, most people who fled in buildings were smashed on stairs, corridors and collapsed walls. In this case, the only avoidance measure should be to choose the nearest supports such as the bedside, kang edge and solid furniture to avoid, and try to avoid the parts that are easy to be damaged, collapsed and broken, such as walls, brick pipes, doors, windows and beams, so as to obtain safety in the gap. Earthquakes are different in size and distance, and not every earthquake will cause houses to collapse. A big earthquake, such as Tangshan earthquake, although living in a building is very dangerous, many people survived by hiding in kitchens, toilets, passages and corners. Because the span of these places is small, the floor is cast-in-place reinforced concrete, which has good integrity and is relatively safe for the time being, and people who jump off buildings are often injured. 1may 2, 9841day, an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred in the south yellow sea, with a small magnitude and no obvious damage. However, nearly 100 incidents occurred in some cities 80 km to 300 km away from the epicenter, causing unnecessary casualties. According to the investigation of Tangshan earthquake damage, casualties caused by jumping off a building or blindly fleeing account for the third of the six forms of casualties (direct casualties, suffocation, jumping off a building or running outside, unfavorable refuge, returning to a dangerous house, improper rescue or nursing). Self-protection measures after the collapse of houses strive to save themselves, actively wait for rescue, and do everything possible to survive. After the earthquake, only a few houses were smashed immediately, and most of them were crushed and buried by collapsed housing brackets, roofs, floors and rubble. Whether the buried people can get out of danger and save themselves as soon as possible depends on their own strength and try their best to save themselves. According to the statistics after the Tangshan earthquake, about 70% of the urban population of more than 900,000 were buried in the ruins, and more than 90% of them were buried in the earthquake zone. Among the more than 600,000 people buried, except some who were smashed immediately, there are nearly 200,000 to 300,000 people who broke free from the ruins by their own strength because they were not injured or slightly injured, and became the basic new force of others. In the process of self-rescue, sometimes even if the body is not seriously injured, there is still the danger of choking on smoke and dust. Therefore, cover your nose and mouth with towels, clothes or hands, try to free your hands from your feet, and use your hands and other movable parts to remove all kinds of objects pressing on your body. Use bricks, wood, etc. To support objects that may collapse, try to expand the "safe space" and keep enough air to breathe. Try to escape from the predicament when the environment and physical strength permit. When you are unable to escape from danger and save yourself, don't shout to save your strength, and call for help when you hear someone coming. While being buried, try to find alternative food. As the saying goes, hunger does not choose food. During the Tangshan earthquake, someone was holding a pillow in the ruins. When they are hungry, they fill their stomachs with buckwheat husks and sorghum flowers. When they are thirsty, they drink their own urine. In short, we should be calm, build up the courage and confidence to stand up and survive, give full play to our lives, and actively seek opportunities to be saved. According to the survey, most people buried after the earthquake can persist for 2 to 3 days or longer as long as they don't hurt the fatal parts and take appropriate personal preventive measures. The number of people who were buried after the Tangshan earthquake and could not save themselves reached 300,000-400,000. With the timely help of urban victims (including those who rescued themselves from danger) and various social forces, more than 75% of the victims were rescued in a short time after the earthquake.