1862 In August, Edison rescued a dying boy on the train track with fearless heroism. The child's father is grateful for this, but he is willing to teach him telegraph technology because he has no money to reward him. Since then, Edison has forged an indissoluble bond with this mysterious new electric world and embarked on a scientific journey.

1863, Edison worked as a telecom operator in Stratford Hub Station, the main railway line. From 1864 to 1867, I worked as a telegraph operator in all parts of the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. Footprints include Stratford, Adrian, fort wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville and Huron.

1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first invention patent. This is a device for automatically recording votes. Edison thought that this device could speed up the work of Congress and would be very popular. However, a member of Congress told him that they had no intention to speed up the agenda, and sometimes voting was slow because of political needs. From then on, Edison decided never to make any inventions that people didn't need.

At the beginning of June 1869, he came to new york to look for a job. While he was waiting for a summons in the broker's office, a telegram broke down. Edison was the only person there who could repair the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. On June+10, 65438, he and Pop established "Pop-Edison Company", which specializes in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented "Edison Universal Printing Machine". He dedicated this printing machine to the manager of a big company on Wall Street. He wanted to charge 5000 dollars, but he didn't have the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give a price, and the manager gave 40 thousand yuan.

Edison used the money to build a factory in Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, which specializes in manufacturing all kinds of motors. He worked all night. He trained many capable assistants, and at the same time, he happened to meet diligent Mary Stilwell, his first bride in the future. In Newark, he invented wax paper and mimeograph. From 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the two-pole and four-pole telegraph successively, and helped others to make the world's first English typewriter.

1876 In the spring, Edison moved to Monroe Park in New Jersey again. He built the first "invention factory" here, which "marked the beginning of collective research". 1877, Edison improved the telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented the phonograph, one of his favorite projects. Telephone and telegraph "are a revolution to expand human sensory functions"; The phonograph is one of the three great inventions that have changed people's lives. "From the imagination of the invention, this is his extremely significant invention achievement." At this time, people called him "the magician of Monroe Park".

When Edison invented the phonograph, after numerous failures, he finally made a breakthrough in the study of electric lights. 1879, 10 year1October 22nd, Edison lit the first electric lamp with wide practical value. In order to prolong the life of the filament, he tried more than 6,000 kinds of fiber materials and found a new luminous body-Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1000 hours and achieve the purpose of durability. To some extent, this invention is the pinnacle of Edison's life. Then, he created a power supply system, which made the distant lights distribute electricity from the central power station, which was a great technical achievement.

His first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When testing the electric lamp, he observed what he called the Edison effect: in a lighted bulb, charge travels through space from the hot filament to the cold plate. Edison applied for a patent for this discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Scientists nearby developed the electronic industry, especially radio and television, by using the Edison effect.

Edison tried to do for his eyes what the phonograph did for his ears, and the movie camera was born here. Using a piece of celluloid film newly invented by George Heasman, he took a series of photos and projected them on the curtain quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He experimented with movies for the first time in the laboratories of 1889 and 189 1. 1903, his company produced the first feature film great train robbery. Edison did a lot of work for the establishment and standardization of the film industry.

After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded many commercial companies, manufactured products and popularized his various inventions. These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, which was later called General Electric Company. Since then, his interests have turned to fluorescence, ore mashers, magnetic separation of iron, storage batteries and railway signaling devices.

During World War I, he developed a torpedo device, a flamethrower and an underwater periscope.

1929 10 2 1 On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison. Albert Einstein of Germany, Madame Curie of France and famous scientists from China congratulated him in succession. Unfortunately, at this celebration, Edison suddenly fainted because of excessive excitement during his defense. Since then, his health has gone from bad to worse 193 1 year1October 18 The scientist who made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.

Edison's cultural level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What is the secret here? In addition to curiosity, he also has an instinct to experiment by himself, that is, he has unlimited energy and courage to work hard beyond ordinary people. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "Genius is 2% inspiration and 98% sweat." He organized many people of different professions in the "invention factory", including more than 65,438+000 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's great inventions were achieved by collective strength. His achievements are mainly attributed to his diligence, creativity and collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role.

Chronology invented by Edison;

18681June 1 1 invented the "voting counter" and obtained the first patent in his life.

1869 10 co-founded "Pop-Edison Company" with friends.

1870, he invented the universal printing press, granted the patent right and obtained $40,000. Set up their own manufacturing plant in new york.

1872-1876 invented the electric animation telegraph, the automatic recording telegraph and the double four telegraph, and manufactured the waxed paper carbon resistor.

1875 invented the acoustic analysis resonator.

1876, a laboratory-the first industrial research laboratory-was established in Menlo Park, New Jersey. This is the creation of the modern concept of "research group". Invent carbon rod microphone. Apply for a patent for automatic telegraph.

1877, the telephone invented by Bell was improved and put into practical use in Monroe Park. Obtained three patents: puncture pen, pneumatic stylus and ordinary stylus. On August 20th, he invented the phonograph, which proved to be Edison's favorite project.

1878 Edison claimed to have solved the problem of electric lighting. The Royal Society held a phonograph exhibition. Improve the phonograph, design microphone, loudspeaker, aerial speaker, sound engine, tuning engine, microcalorimeter, taste tester, etc. On February 65438+9, 2009, he obtained a patent for the phonograph. In July, Professor Parker from the University of Pennsylvania and I went to Wyoming to observe the total solar eclipse and measured the temperature around the sun with the thermometer he invented. In August, I returned to Monroe Park and resumed my scientific research and experiments. Britain approved Edison's patent application for "recorder". Visit William Wallace in Connecticut in September. Began to study the invention of electric light. 654381October 5th filed a patent application for platinum wire "electric lamp".

1879 ——1880 invented the high-resistance incandescent lamp after many hardships. An improved generator. Design new current distribution method, circuit arrangement and calculation method. Invent the electric lamp holder and switch. The method of magnetic separation of ore was invented.

1879 On August 30th, Edison and Bell demonstrated their telephone installation in the town hall of Saratoga Creek. Edison's telephone number was obvious in Bibel. 101October 2 1 day, invented a high-resistance incandescent lamp, which was continuously lit for 40 hours. 1 65438+1October1applied for the patent of carbon filament lamp. 65438+February 2 1 new york Express reported Edison's incandescent lamp. 65438+On February 25th, 2008, 3000 tourists from new york watched a public electric light show in Menlo Park.

1880 research helicopter. Obtain a patent for the invention of electric light. Making magnetic ore sieve. 654381October 28th, the patent of "power transmission and distribution system" was put forward. /kloc-in February of 0/8, Scripps published the article "Edison's electric light" and officially published the invention of electric light. In May, the first "Columbia" ship illuminated by electric lights made a successful trial.

New york Edison Electric Lighting Company was established in February 65438.

188 1 The headquarters of Fifth Avenue in New York was established. Set up an incandescent lamp factory in new york. Set up manufacturers of generators, underground wires and electric lamp parts. Test the tram in Monroe Park.

1882 invented the present three-wire distribution system. Patent application 14 1. The first central factory was established on September 4th. 65438+By the end of February, more than 150 small power stations had been built in all parts of the United States of America.

1885 filed a patent for wireless telegraph on May 23rd.

1887 ——1890 improved the cylindrical phonograph and obtained more than 80 patents on the phonograph. Engaged in manufacturing and selling record players, records, tape recorders, etc.

1888, invented the phonograph.

1889 participated in the Paris centennial exposition. A variety of electrified railways were invented. Complete the movie machine.

1890 ——1899 Design large-scale stone crusher and grinder. I personally directed the large-scale development of iron ore by new methods in Ogden Mine.

189 1 year, he invented "Edison concentrator" and started his own mining career. Obtained the patent of "mobile film projector". On May 20th, the first successful movie mirror was shown to the public at Edison Laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey.

1893, the world's first film "studio" was built in the courtyard of Edison's laboratory.

1894 April 14 The first movable film projector cinema in new york opened.

1896 On April 23rd, the film was released for the first time in Koster-Bayer Concert Hall in new york, which was warmly welcomed by the public.

1902 vehicle power test with new battery, with a journey of 5,000 miles, which can be driven on one charge 100 miles, which was successful.

1903 Edison's company produced the first feature film great train robbery.

1909 has been used for ten years, and the research of battery has finally succeeded. Send a fax or telegram. Obtained the design patents of raw material machine, fine grinding machine and long kiln.

1910-1914 Complete the disc phonograph without damaging the records and diamond records. Complete the sound film machine.

"CD recording" was invented in 19 10.

19 12 invented "talking movies". Developed into a phonograph.

1914-1915 invented a comprehensive manufacturing method of carbonic acid, which combined a phonograph and a teleprompter as a teleprompter, allowing one party's phone to automatically record the other party's speech. Homemade benzene, indigo oil, etc.

1915-1918 completed 39 inventions, among which the most famous are torpedo mechanical devices, flamethrowers and underwater periscope.

1927 completed a long record.

1928 successfully extracted rubber from weeds.

Respondent: 26384945 1- probation level 1 10-8 2 1: 17.

Edison only attended primary school for three months in his life, and his knowledge came from his mother's teaching and self-study. His success should be attributed to his mother's understanding and patient teaching since childhood, which made Edison, who was originally considered an imbecile, become a world-famous "king of invention" when he grew up.

Edison was curious about many things since he was a child, and he liked to try it himself until he understood the truth. When he grew up, he devoted himself to research and invention according to his interest in this field. He established a laboratory in New Jersey, and invented the electric light, telegraph, phonograph, film machine, magnetic mineral analyzer, crusher and so on for more than 2000 kinds of things in his life. Edison's strong research spirit made him make great contributions to the improvement of human lifestyle.

"Waste, the biggest waste is wasting time." Edison often said to his assistant. "Life is short, so we should try to do more with less time."

One day, Edison was working in the laboratory. He handed his assistant an empty glass bulb without a lampholder and said, "Measure the capacity of the bulb." He bowed his head to work again.

After a long time, he asked, "What's the capacity?" He didn't hear the answer, turned to see the assistant measuring the circumference and inclination of the light bulb with a soft ruler, and poured the measured figures on the table for calculation. He said, "Time, time, why does it take so much time?" Edison came over, picked up the empty light bulb, filled it with water, handed it to his assistant, and said, "Pour the water into the measuring cup and tell me its capacity at once."

The assistant read out the numbers at once.

Edison said, "How easy it is to measure. It is both accurate and time-saving. Why didn't you think of that? " ? Still counting. Isn't that a waste of time? "

The assistant's face turned red.

Edison murmured, "Life is too short, too short. Save time and do more! " "

Edison was a poor worker before he became famous. Once, his old friend met him in the street and said with concern, "look, this coat on you is very worn." You should get a new one. "

"Need it to be? Nobody knows me in new york. " Edison answered indifferently.

A few years later, Edison became a great inventor.

One day, Edison met that friend again in the street of new york. "Oh," exclaimed my friend, "why are you still wearing this old coat? This time, I have to change a new one anyway! "

"Need it to be? Everyone here already knows me. " Edison still answered casually.

Respondents: Jingwei Dance-Trainee Magician Level 2 10-8 2 1: 18.

When everyone was at a loss, Edison suddenly thought of "cotton thread" He immediately asked his assistant to find the cotton thread, carbonized it in a crucible, and then. Carefully put the carbonized cotton thread into the light bulb. The carbon thread is thin and brittle. It broke with a little force. It was not until the third night that the installation was successful, at that time. Great progress has been made in vacuum pumping technology. Edison has been able to raise the air pressure in the light bulb to one millionth of atmospheric pressure. He decisively turned on the power switch. After they struggled 13 months. Finally, the dawn of victory came-the light bulb gave off a steady and soft light, and the filament of this light bulb burned out after 45 hours of lighting. At this moment, the world's first incandescent lamp with practical value was finally invented and successfully trial-produced. This day is 1879, 10, 2 1.

The initial victory did not satisfy Edison. In order to prolong the life of filament, they never stopped exploring. Edison and his assistants tested more than 6000 kinds of plant fibers collected from all over the world, and finally chose a filament made of Japanese bamboo silk. Two years' efforts were not in vain, and the life of Edison's incandescent lamp reached thousands of hours. By the spring of 1882, Edison Institute had produced the first batch of practical incandescent lamps. That autumn, Edison built a power station and began to supply electricity to electric light users.

Respondent: Tingting 080 1 17- magic apprentice level 1101208: 52.

American tourist brother plane

Yuan Longping, China-Hybrid Rice

Russian scientists invented invisibility cloak.

It is reported that Professor Oleg Gadomski is a well-known professor in the Department of Quantum and Optoelectronics of Russian Ulyanovsk State University. Professor Gadomski has been conducting experimental research on gold nanoparticles for many years. Through years of research, Professor Gadomski found that as long as an object is covered with a "special coat" made of gold colloidal particles, it can disappear from the meat, that is, the invisible effect is achieved.

The invisibility cloak invented by Professor Gadomski makes use of the characteristics of light and the principle that objects reflect light. Professor Gadomski said: "At present, we can only make stationary objects invisible, because when an object moves, the radiation frequency of light will change, so we can't keep moving objects invisible at present. However, I believe that scientists will soon create a mobile invisibility cloak like Harry Potter's magic cloak. "

In fact, Professor Gadomski is not the first scientist to succeed in the field of "artificial invisibility". In March 2005, two scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, Aru and Inquet, announced that they had invented a theoretical method to make objects "invisible". Plasma laser is used in the study.

The invention of Russian scientists is similar to the design of American scientists, and both are based on the concept of greatly reducing scattered light. Humans can see objects because when light strikes them, they will reflect light again. As long as this process is interrupted, people can't see objects.

Professor Gadomski has applied for a scientific patent for the invisibility cloak he invented. Researchers believe that large objects such as airplanes and spaceships can "disappear" from radar screens as long as they are coated with this special substance.

Respondents: 573420 1 10- tong sheng level101717: 32.

The story of an inventor

Inventor's story 1: the great inventor Edison

Edison (1847 ~ 193 1) is an American scientist and a world-famous invention king. He made more than 2,000 inventions in his life and made important contributions to mankind.

Edison was not clever when he was a child, but he was observant, thoughtful and fond of asking questions. Once, my father saw him lying motionless in the haystack and asked strangely, "What are you doing?" Little Edison replied unhurriedly, "I'm incubating chickens!" "It turned out that he saw that hens could hatch chicks and wanted to try it himself. His father was angry and funny, and told him that people can't hatch chickens. On the way home, he kept staring at his father and asked, "Why can hens hatch chicks and I can't?" From then on, everyone said Edison was a "bookworm". Once, in order to know the secret of fire, he lit a fire in his neighbor's barn, which caused a big fire. I was beaten by my father afterwards.

Edison went to school when he was seven. At that time, the school curriculum was very strict and corporal punishment was practiced. Young Edison was very dissatisfied with this. The teacher's speech was both boring and boring. He doesn't do well in his lessons, but his mind is full of strange questions. His classmates called him stupid and his teacher called him an imbecile. After studying in school for less than three months, I was forced to drop out. This is the only formal education he received in his life.

Edison's mother personally taught her children to read and write, and took pains to answer his various questions. Once, her mother bought him a nature reader, and he was immediately fascinated by the little experiment introduced in the book. He set up a small laboratory at home, spent all his pocket money on experimental supplies and did experiments whenever he had time.

Edison 1 1 became a newsboy on the train. With the permission of the train conductor, he set up a simple small laboratory in a corner of the baggage car. Once, the vibration of the train knocked a bottle of yellow phosphorus to the ground and caught fire. The flame licked the luggage pile. Edison quickly took off his clothes and hit it, shouting desperately, "Fire!" Everyone heard the noise and put out the fire in time. The conductor flew into a rage, slapped Edison hard and threw all his experimental supplies out of the car. Edison was deaf in his right hand.

Later, Edison worked as a night shift operator. One morning at three or four o'clock, he got off work and returned to his residence with dozens of books bought from second-hand bookstores during the day. The policeman on patrol saw him from a distance, suspected that he was a thief, and told him to stop. Unfortunately, he is deaf and can't hear, but he is still in a hurry. The police thought he was going to escape and were busy shooting. Edison stopped when the whistling bullet flew past his ear. The police caught up. "

Edison is respected all over the world because he has made great contributions to mankind. 1922 was selected 12 David was the first in contemporary America.

Inventor's story 2: Bell invented the telephone.

Bell is the man who invented the telephone. He was born in England on 1847. When he was young, he and his father taught the deaf together. He wants to make a machine that can make deaf people see sound with their eyes.

1873, Bell, who became a professor at Boston University in the United States, began to study the device of transmitting multiple telegrams on the same line-multi-tasking telegraph, and sprouted the idea of transmitting people's voices to distant places with current, so that people thousands of miles away could talk face to face. So bell began to study the telephone.

That was June 2nd, 1875. Bell and his assistant Watson are experimenting with multiplex telegrams in two rooms respectively. An accidental accident inspired Bell. In Watson's room, there is a spring stuck to the magnet of the telegraph. When Watson pulled it away, it shook. At the same time, Bell was surprised to find that the spring on the telegraph in his room vibrated and made a sound. It is the current that transmits vibration from one room to another. Bell's mind suddenly broadened. He thought: If a person speaks to a piece of iron, the sound will cause the iron to vibrate; If an electromagnet is placed behind the iron sheet, the vibration of the iron sheet will inevitably produce large and small currents in the electromagnet coil. This fluctuating current travels far away along the wire, so won't the same vibration and sound appear on similar equipment in the distance? In this way, the sound travels far away along the wire. Isn't this the dream phone!

Bell and Watson made the telephone according to this new idea. In an experiment, a drop of sulfuric acid splashed on Bell's leg, causing him to shout, "Mr. Watson, I need you, please come to me!" " "This sentence reached Watson's ear by telephone through wires, and the telephone succeeded! 1On March 7th, 876, Bell became the patentee of telephone invention.

Bell obtained 18 patents in his life and 12 patents in cooperation with others. He envisions burying telephone lines in the ground or hanging them in the air, and connecting them to houses, villages and factories ... so that you can make phone calls directly from anywhere. Today, Bell's vision has become a reality.

Inventor's Story 3: Fleming and Penicillin

Nowadays, penicillin has been widely used in medicine. It can kill germs and eliminate inflammation and infection. Maybe, you don't know, penicillin was discovered by accident!

1928 September, British bacteriologist Fleming was studying staphylococcus, a bacterium that can make people sick. In order to study the living habits and pathogenic mechanism of this pathogen, it is necessary to cultivate and observe it. At that time, the equipment was relatively simple, and the work was carried out in a hot and humid old house. During the experiment, the Petri dish needed to be opened many times, so the culture in the Petri dish was easily polluted. On one occasion, Fleming opened the Petri dish to observe the bacteria, and accidentally found that blue-green mold grew on the mouth of the Petri dish, and beside the mold, staphylococcus was melted and clear water droplets appeared.

Why can blue-green mold inhibit the growth of bacteria and destroy them? Fleming firmly grasped this "accidental" discovery, went all out to study this blue-green mold, and finally found the nemesis of staphylococcus-penicillin, and further found that it also had a killing effect on other germs.

1945, Fleming, who discovered penicillin, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine together with English pathologist Flory and German chemist Qian En, who developed penicillin chemicals.

Inventor's Story 4: Benedettes and "Safety Glass"

Benedetz is a famous French chemist. An accidental opportunity triggered his inspiration and made him research and produce "safety glass".

That was at 1907. One day, Penetos was sorting out instruments in the laboratory and accidentally knocked over a glass bottle. This is the end! The floor of the laboratory is paved with stones. Won't the glass bottle break into pieces when it falls? However, to his surprise, the bottle did not break into pieces, but there were some cracks. He took out a washed bottle and dropped it gently on the ground. This time, the glass bottle was smashed to pieces. Why are the two bottles so different? Benny Ditters has a hard time finding the answer.

A few days later, a car accident was cancelled in the newspaper, and flying glass fragments injured passengers, which made Benedetto deeply sad. He couldn't help thinking of the broken bottle and determined to get to the bottom of it. He found the bottle again and observed it carefully. It turned out to be a bottle with some medicine. After the medicine evaporates, a tough and transparent film is formed on the inner surface of the bottle. It seems that this membrane protects the bottle.

This "accidental" discovery prompted him to further study the glass coating. After many experiments, he finally found a suitable coating with strong adhesion and good transparency. Later, he used paint to bond the two layers of glass together, and found that its anti-breaking performance was better. In this way, "safety glass" was finally born.

Inventor's Story 5: Inventor of ballpoint pen

Hungarian journalist Biro accidentally cut the manuscript paper while writing it. He thought it would be nice to change the nib into a ball.

So Biro went to consult chemist Okey. Okey said: "It is ok to change the nib into a ball, but you can write only if there is ink leakage around the ball!" " "

Biro thought, isn't it enough to control the flow of ink when the ball rotates? He began to experiment repeatedly.

1943, Biro finally invented a new pen-ballpoint pen, which emits ink by the rotation of the ball.

Ballpoint pen is very convenient and cheap to use, so it quickly became popular all over the world.

References:

www. 17xie.com

Reply: Tiger Gang-Level II Introduction to Jianghu10-1912: 44.

/Zhao Chuang/Farming /famingjia/index.jsp

Here is the invention history of some scientists, which is neither too long nor too short. Go and have a look.

Respondent: Cindy- second assistant 10- 19 22:30.

Materials: walnuts, matchsticks, plasticine and small cloth.

Steps:

1, put the pointed walnut on the fire for a while, then throw it into cold water, and the walnut will crack along the seam.

2. Divide the walnut in half along the seam.

3. Dig out the walnut kernel, leave an empty shell and stick a small piece of plasticine in the shell.

4. Make a sail with matches and a small piece of cloth that says "Dream" and insert it in plasticine. In this way, a "walnut boat" carrying dreams can set sail.

Homemade small rockets can fly at home.

Rocket launching is a very large and complicated project, and the basic principle of its operation is reverse thrust. The experiment of the same scientific principle can also be done at home, that is, everyone can make a small family rocket. In this final, the first player, teacher Song Xiangyang from Anhui, used very simple materials to launch a rocket on the spot.

There are only four kinds of experimental materials on the stage, which are a tin foil paper for cigarette case, a sewing needle, a paper clip and a box of matches. Teacher Song put the sewing needles and matches side by side, then wrapped them in tin foil, wrapped them tightly with the match head, and then pulled out the sewing needles, and the rocket body was completed. He broke the paper clip into a 45-degree angle, made a bracket, and put the "rocket" on the bracket, waiting for launch. But can we take off or not?

Teacher Song struck a match and carefully lit the "rocket" on the bracket. In an instant, the "rocket" slipped through an arc of white smoke in the air and flew more than one meter away. The audience applauded. Although this experiment is simple, Mr. Song has experimented at home for more than 3,000 times to find the most suitable match weight and sewing needle thickness, and calculated many parameters to achieve this effect.

Experimental principle: recoil principle-matches and sewing needles in the "rocket" are arranged side by side. After the sewing needle is pulled out, the remaining channel is the air nozzle. When it is ignited from the outside of the foil paper, the matchhead is heated and burned, and the burned gas is ejected along the air nozzle, forming a recoil force, and the "rocket" is lifted off. Today's jets and rockets use this principle.