According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, there is a passage in Liu Bei's testamentary edict to Liu Chan: "When I shot you, I said that the Prime Minister lamented your wisdom, which greatly increased his cultivation. I am too eager to judge, so what am I worried about? " Hey hey. "Shooting a gentleman is a shooting aid. The meaning of this passage is clear: Zhuge Liang praised Liu Chan's wisdom to Chuanyuan, who told Liu Bei this praise and Liu Bei gladly encouraged him. Zhuge Liang is certainly not a flatterer, and Liu Bei knows others well, which shows that Liu Chan is not an outspoken person.
In order to make Liu Chan well informed and master the art of governing the country, Liu Bei asked him to learn more books such as Shen Zi, Han Feizi, Guan Zi and Liu Tao, and Zhuge Liang personally copied these books for him to read, and asked him to learn Zuo Zhuan with the Book of Changes as his teacher. Not only that, but also let him learn Wushu. There is a record in Cosmic Tale: "The shooting mountain is fifteen miles north of Chengdu County, and Liu Zhu Zen shoots here." Zhuge Liang was very satisfied with Liu Chan's performance. Zhuge Liang commented on Liu Chan in "The Book with Dewey": "The court was eighteen years old, and it was virtuous and kind, and the corporal was an adjutant." This sensitive word can show that he is not a stupid person, otherwise Zhuge is not being sarcastic. It is also recorded in The Book of Jin Shi Mi Chuan that Smith thinks that Liu Chan, as a monarch, can be compared with Qi Huangong, the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi Huangong became the overlord, and Liu Chan became Zhuge Liang, competing with Qiang and Wei.
Moreover, on the issue of the Northern Expedition, Liu Chan was very clear-headed. When Zhuge Liang longed for the northern expedition, he once advised: "It is difficult to follow his father to the south; Before returning to Beijing, I sat without a seat; Now I want to go north again, but I am afraid of worrying. " Although Zhuge Liang didn't listen to his advice, Liu Chan fully supported Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition once the resolution was formed. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan immediately stopped the Northern Expedition which wasted national strength and money. Sima Yi led an army to conquer Gongsun Yuan in Liaodong. Liu Chan was afraid that Jiang Wan would make the same mistake as Zhuge Liang, so he warned Jiang Wan not to make a move. "Wu must act, and both East and West are embarrassed to take advantage." Wei Yan rebelled, but falsely played Yang Yi to rebel. After listening to Wei Yan's performance, Liu Chan immediately raised questions and said, "Wei Yan is a brave general who can refuse Yang Yi and others. Why did he burn the plank road? " After Wei Yan was killed, Liu Chan did not completely deny Wei Yan. Instead, he issued a decree saying, "Now that I have cleared my name, I still remember my previous job and gave it to a coffin for burial." In order to prevent the power of the worthies from being too heavy, Fei Yi was named minister and general, in charge of government affairs, and Jiang Wan was named fu, in charge of military affairs. Their powers cross and contain each other, but each has its own emphasis. After Jiang Wan's death, he "took charge of the state affairs" and monopolized the power, which completely solved the political situation of "everything depends on the prime minister" in Shu for many years.
Hu Jia, his wife, joined the ranks of Empress Dowager Cixi, and Empress Dowager Cixi stayed with Hu for a month, which aroused suspicion and led to a vicious incident. Liu Chan learned his lesson and immediately abolished the court ceremony of the minister's wife and mother. Because Sima usurped the throne and was afraid of being implicated by Cao Shuang, his father Xia was beheaded by Huang Zhong in Dingjun Mountain. When meeting with Xia Houba, Liu Chan said, "Your father was killed in the platoon, not by me." An understatement, a few words, and a friendship. Pointing to his two sons, he said, "So is this nephew of Xiahou." Xia's cousin is Zhang Fei's wife, and Zhang Fei's daughter is his wife, so there is this saying. Then, he gave Xia Houba a generous reward and made him an official. A set of gentle courtship means makes it very skilled.
Although there were some disagreements between Liu Chan and Zhuge Liang, Liu Chan put the overall situation first and kept a restrained attitude. Zhuge Liang made mistakes in employing people, and the latter comforted him by saying, "It is common for military strategists to win or lose." After Zhuge Liang won the battle, the late Liu Chan duly restored Zhuge Liang's post. When the news of Zhuge Liang's death came, Liu Chan was sad for several days, unable to go to the court, and fell down on the dragon bed and cried. When the coffin was brought back, Liu Chan led the civil and military officials and went out of the city for 20 miles to meet him.
At this point, Li Miao wrote a letter, citing the examples of Lv Lu and Huo Guang in history, slandering Zhuge Liang for "fighting with Qiang Bing, and the wolf depends on him", saying that Zhuge Liang died in time, making him "complete in imperial clan, resting in Xirong, celebrating big and small", implying that Zhuge Liang would not die sooner or later. What li miao said was either what he really thought or to cater to Liu Chan. When Liu Chan heard this, he was furious and killed him. This shows that Liu Chan is well aware of the truth that "there is no harmony between the monarch and the minister, and domestic troubles and foreign invasion". As long as he is not awake for a while, civil strife is inevitable.
However, Liu Chan is also very measured in this matter. "Xiangyang Ji" records that when people died at dawn, they sought to build a temple, but the court did not listen to the ceremony, and the people sacrificed Taoism privately because of the season. Those who say things or think that temples can be set up in Chengdu, the latter will not follow. Infantry captain Long, Zhong Shulang and others said on the table: "I heard that Zhou people cherish the virtue of Hubo, but Gan Tang does not cut it; Compared with Wang Si Fan Li, he prefers casting gold to maintain his image. Since the Han dynasty, many people have built temples with small virtues and villains. Kuang Liang's virtue is far and near, and honor covers the world. The royal family is not bad, and the real people rely on it, but it stops at the private door, and the temple is like a temple, making the people worship in the lane, worship in the wild, do not save their virtues, and do not investigate their merits. Others say they are chasing after it. If we try our best to meet the wishes of the people, there will be no blasphemy, and the capital will be built to force the ancestral hall, so there is doubt. I should be foolish, because I am close to my tomb, so that my relatives can make sacrifices at the right time. Those who want to serve the temple are limited to the temple. Break its private worship and worship its ceremony. " In this case, Liu Chan is not opinionated. It is rare for the young emperor Liu Chan to handle the issues of power and ministers in such a long-term way. Pei Songzhi, a historian in the Southern Dynasties, commented that "the sage of the late master is unattainable".
However, it is incredible that when a part of Wargo's division broke into Shu territory and the main armies of Shu and Han were basically completed, Liu Chan surrendered easily, which remains a mystery. There is also a comment on this matter: "Ai has 10,000 people in danger of entering the river, and Zhong has left 200,000 people in Jiange, but the soldiers of the three armed forces are hungry. Although Ai defeated Jiang Ke and kept Liu Chan from falling for several days, it was difficult for the two generals to fight back. Therefore, it is not easy to achieve. "
Regarding the story of "being happy without thinking about Shu", The Notes of the Three Kingdoms quoted: "It's not wrong to wait, and ... it's superficial to teach. Thinking about Shu, I don't want to hear what Zhao wants to do ... Although I laugh around, I don't know that Zen is free from death, so I am good at it. " .