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The expression of dissertation includes ().
Dissertation generally includes: Chinese cover, English cover (optional for master's thesis), original statement, Chinese abstract, English abstract, summary of the innovation of the thesis (optional for master's thesis), catalogue, list of main symbols, introduction (preface), text, conclusion, references, thanks, appendix, personal resume, research results during study and published academic papers.

From the day when graduate students enter the laboratory to choose topics, they are drawing sketches to prepare for the writing of their papers. Later literature research, experiment, calculation, theoretical analysis, model establishment, etc. all serve the ultimate goal of thesis writing.

How to start a paper is often a painstaking thing for the author. How to start writing a dissertation? When did you start writing? Different people will give different plans and ideas. From my personal point of view, it's time to start writing a paper on the topic. After discussing with your tutor and determining your research content and objectives, you should draft the most original writing outline for your thesis. After that, through literature research, the outline was constantly revised and improved. After opening the topic, according to the teacher's suggestions, discuss with the tutor to determine the specific research objectives, detailed research content and reasonable research plan. At this point, the writing outline of the paper is very clear, and the framework of the paper is basically set up; The remaining task is to complete the research content of the paper step by step until the final draft of the paper is completed.

Of course, the above-mentioned thesis writing is a long process. After the phased research is completed, it is best to write a phased research report (summary report) to provide useful materials for the final dissertation writing. Writing periodic research reports requires more rigorous logical thinking, so some problems existing in the research process may be discovered in time. In addition, on the basis of writing periodic research reports, you can start preparing for the writing of scientific and technological papers, because doctoral students need to publish papers after graduation. After the submission of scientific papers, the opinions put forward by journal editors and reviewers can in turn be used as suggestions for further research and improvement of the papers.