Automobile energy saving and environmental protection is a social problem that we have solved quickly at present. Automobile exhaust pollution has accounted for 70% of air pollution, and automobile exhaust emission has become our primary pollution source. The following papers on automobile environmental protection are shared with you. Welcome to learn from them!
The rapid growth of car ownership in China has brought great pressure on energy and environment. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of China's automobile industry, this paper studies the main factors affecting automobile fuel consumption, and puts forward some countermeasures for automobile energy saving and emission reduction from the aspects of giving priority to the development of public transportation, developing and using automobile energy saving and emission reduction technologies, vigorously developing new energy vehicles, and strengthening energy saving during automobile use.
Automobile industry; Energy conservation and emission reduction; Automobile fuel consumption; new energy vehicle
With the rapid development of automobile industry in China, the number of automobiles has increased rapidly. While the automobile industry is growing rapidly, it also brings great pressure to the environment and energy. Energy and environment have become important factors restricting the sustainable development of China automobile industry. Therefore, it is the responsibility and obligation of every citizen to do a good job in automobile energy conservation and emission reduction and build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
1 current situation of automobile industry in China
The number of cars in China has increased rapidly. According to the statistics of China Automobile Industry Association, in 20 13 years, China sold 2 1984 10000 vehicles, up by 13.87% year-on-year, setting a new world record, ranking first in the world for five consecutive years, and the number of vehicles increased by 65438+ after scrapping. From 2003 to 20 13 and 10, the number of cars in China increased from 24 million to1370,000, 5.7 times that of 2003.
At present and in the future, the development of automobile society in China will remain strong. Cars bring great convenience to residents' work and life, but with the rapid growth of cars, a lot of energy is consumed, and automobile exhaust pollution has become an important factor threatening residents' quality of life. Automobile gasoline consumption accounts for more than 80% of the total gasoline consumption and becomes the absolute main force of gasoline consumption. The annual report on motor vehicle pollution prevention and control in China in 20 13 shows that 20 12 10000 tons of pollutants are discharged by motor vehicles in China, including 6.4 million tons of nitrogen oxides. 4.382 million tons of hydrocarbons; 347 1.7 million tons of carbon monoxide; 622,000 tons of particulate matter. Cars are the main contributors to the total amount of pollutants, with NOX and PM emissions exceeding 90% and HC and CO exceeding 70%. Automobile energy saving and emission reduction has become an urgent task to be solved urgently.
2. Main factors affecting automobile fuel consumption
Engine fuel consumption has a decisive influence on automobile fuel consumption. The engine has high compression ratio, perfect fuel supply system and reasonable combustion chamber shape. Using electronic ignition system can reduce the fuel consumption of the engine. The compression ratio of diesel engine is much higher than that of gasoline engine, which obviously saves fuel. If driving conditions permit, a low-power engine can be used to reduce the load rate.
Vehicle structure has an important influence on vehicle fuel consumption. The higher the efficiency of automobile transmission system, the smaller the energy loss and the lower the fuel consumption in the process of transmitting power. At present, the hydraulic automatic transmission efficiency of mechanical gear transmission ratio is high. The total mass of the vehicle affects the rolling resistance, slope resistance and acceleration resistance of the vehicle, and has a great influence on the fuel consumption of the vehicle. It is a direction to reduce automobile fuel consumption to widely use lightweight materials to reduce their own weight. Through the wind tunnel test of the whole vehicle, the shape of the vehicle is close to optimization, thus reducing the air resistance coefficient of the vehicle and reducing the air resistance. Improving tire structure, pattern and tire pressure can reduce automobile fuel consumption.
The rational use of automobiles also has a great influence on automobile fuel consumption. The fuel consumption of a car is the lowest when driving at a medium speed close to low speed, and the fuel consumption of 100 kilometers at high speed increases rapidly with the increase of vehicle speed. On a certain road, cars run in different gears, and the fuel consumption is different, so we should choose a reasonable gear. In order to improve transportation productivity and reduce costs, towing a trailer is an effective measure to reduce fuel consumption.
3 automobile energy saving and emission reduction countermeasures
3. 1 Give priority to the development of public transportation and reduce the total use of automobiles.
Cities give priority to the development of public transport and reduce the use of private cars. Urban public transport has the advantages of intensive and efficient, energy saving and environmental protection. Giving priority to the development of public transport is a strategic choice for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Develop various forms of large-capacity public transportation, build a comprehensive transportation hub, optimize the function and layout of transfer centers, improve site coverage, improve public transportation sharing rate, and establish the main position of public transportation in urban transportation. Scientific research to determine the mode of urban public transport, according to the actual needs of urban development, reasonable planning and construction of buses (electric vehicles) as the main body, including bus rapid transit, modern trams and other large-capacity ground public transport systems, and orderly promote the construction of rail transit systems in megacities and conditional megacities.
3.2 Automotive Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Technology Research and Development
The comprehensive performance of the engine is improved from four aspects: electronically controlled fuel injection technology, lean combustion technology, optimized combustion system and closed-loop control system of EFI engine. Improve the fuel quality, improve the combustion quality, adjust the fuel, and reduce the emissions of additives and lead, thus further improving the service life and conversion rate of the catalyst. The braking energy recovery system is used to convert braking heat energy into electric energy and store it in a capacitor, which can release energy quickly when used. The application of new design, new materials and new technology in automobiles has realized the lightweight of automobiles.
The pollutants emitted by automobiles are mainly nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. The emission reduction technologies of diesel engines mainly include direct injection technology of combustion system, exhaust gas recirculation technology, supercharged intercooling technology, multiple fuel injections and high pressure injection technology. Emission reduction technologies of gasoline engines mainly include three-way catalytic conversion technology and secondary air supply technology.
3.3 Vigorously develop new energy vehicles
Vigorously develop pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and alternative fuel vehicles. Pure electric vehicle is a kind of vehicle that uses a single battery as the power source of energy storage. As the power source of energy storage, the battery provides electric energy to the motor and drives the motor to run, thus pushing the vehicle forward. Hybrid electric vehicles are equipped with more than two power sources, namely, fuel cells, storage batteries, solar cells and diesel locomotive generator sets. At present, hybrid electric vehicles generally refer to diesel locomotive generators plus batteries. Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen as fuel, which reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere in the fuel cell carried by the vehicle, thus generating electric energy to start the motor and then drive the vehicle. The research and application of vehicle alternative fuels in China are mainly gas fuel, biomass fuel and coal-based fuel.
3.4 Strengthen energy saving in the use of automobiles.
The driver's sense of responsibility and driving operation level have great influence on the driving range of automobile fuel. The level of daily maintenance of vehicles directly affects the driving resistance and engine performance of vehicles, thus affecting the fuel consumption of vehicles. In addition, factors such as tire pressure, oil condition and the condition of machinery and brakes during driving will affect the fuel consumption rate. The difference in fuel consumption caused by driving skills alone often exceeds 8%, and the fuel consumption index of some fuel-saving pacesetters is lower than the general level by more than 15%. Therefore, we must strengthen the driver's license examination and add the awareness and skills of energy saving and emission reduction to driving training.
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