Earthquake is the most serious natural disaster. The earthquake disaster was caused by the collapse of houses. Masonry structure has poor seismic performance, but as long as the whole structure is reformed by slip damping technology, this kind of house will not collapse in the catastrophic earthquake. This kind of building has been widely welcomed by all sides since it was popularized in Liaoning Province for one year.
1 sliding damping buildings adapt to the development of engineering seismic technology.
1. 1 severity of earthquake disaster
In this century, there were 66 land earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above in China, accounting for 1/3, with more than 2 million deaths, and 1 1.5 million in China, accounting for 1/2. The recent Tangshan 1978 earthquake killed 240,000 people, caused 400,000 casualties and caused economic losses of 654.38+000 billion RMB. Among all kinds of disasters in China, 54% people died from disasters. Economic losses accounted for 6%.
The difficulty of earthquake disaster prediction is 1.2.
Up to now, there are countless large and small earthquakes in the world. According to the data, only the imminent earthquake prediction in Haicheng and Mexico is slightly accurate. Due to inaccurate medium and long-term predictions, building damage and earthquake disasters in Haicheng and Mexico City are still serious. At present, there are different views on the occurrence mechanism of earthquakes, such as fault zone dislocation, crustal plate insertion and overall plate deformation and fracture. The more the theory, the more reliable the theory has not yet been formed. Japan has more earthquake disasters, the largest number of researchers, and the highest level of research on earthquake mechanism and prediction. However, in June of199565438+1kloc-0/7, it was predicted that a major earthquake occurred in Hanshin, west of the safety zone, which caused more than 5 oo deaths and economic losses of $10 billion, which shocked the whole country again and again. Therefore, at the international earthquake conference held in Spain in 1994, experts pointed out that the current earthquake is unpredictable, and countries should focus on building earthquake-resistant buildings.
1.3 how to learn from Tangshan earthquake
After the Haicheng earthquake, some projects in Tianjin were strengthened. During the Tangshan earthquake, these reinforcement projects showed obvious seismic performance, so after the Tangshan earthquake, China began large-scale seismic reinforcement of existing buildings and seismic fortification of new buildings. China's seismic fortification is graded according to the regional fortification intensity. For example, the fortification goal of a house designed according to six degrees is that the building will not be damaged when it bears the value intensity (5.5 degrees); The building is damaged under the basic intensity (7 degrees), but it can be repaired and used; When encountering a rare earthquake (8 degrees strong), the damage was serious, but the next case collapsed. The Haicheng earthquake was 9 degrees, and the Tangshan central area was 10 degrees. Houses designed at 7 degrees will be destroyed and collapsed by earthquakes at 9 degrees and 10 degrees, just like Haicheng and Tangshan. Most of China is divided into seven-degree zone and six-degree zone. Due to economic reasons and technical difficulties, the building structures in these areas still cannot be designed according to the condition of 10 degree, so it is impossible to avoid the recurrence of the Tangshan earthquake. China earthquake engineers and technicians are looking for a new method, that is, starting to study isolation and shock absorption. Energy dissipation and control technology, from "hard resistance" to "soft energy dissipation" In this situation, the sliding damping building technology of our institute has been a research project since 1985.
2. Main achievements and level of sliding damping technology research.
In order to avoid the recurrence of the tragedy of Tangshan earthquake and seek the building technology to resist the 10 earthquake, the research on sliding damping technology was carried out in 1985. From 1985 to 1990, the research project focuses on mechanism; In the second stage 1995- 1997, supporting technologies such as design, structure and construction are studied.
2. 1 project research results
(1) graphite is an ideal sliding aid material: durable, simple in structure, suitable for seismic structure of superstructure and maximum dynamic displacement.
(2) The maximum dynamic displacement is 54 mm; ; Residual dislocation displacement is less than 20 mm; ;
(3) the height-width ratio is controlled at 2, which can ensure that you only slide and don't swing;
(4) It can act as a fuse, and buildings above 7 degrees will slip, and superstructure above 10 degrees will slip.
From 65438 to 0990, the appraisal committee was composed of famous national seismologists Song, Liu Ji, Li Guiyao and Huo Zizheng. After appraisal, the results of the project have great social and economic benefits, and the breadth and depth of the results have reached the domestic advanced level. The relevant calculation parameters can provide a basis for the sliding shock absorption and energy dissipation design of multi-storey brick buildings.
Then the paper based on the research report was published in the 10th World Earthquake Engineering Conference (Spain) and the domestic Journal of Building Structure. They were all highly praised.
2.2 Research results of pilot construction
(1) The safety degree of superstructure design, and the safety degree of transverse wall is 1.5 times of the corresponding 7-degree seismic design; The vertical wall is 1.8 times. This is equivalent to the seven-story brick-concrete residential structure in the current 7-degree zone in Liaoning Province.
(2) Study on flexible joints or flexible structures of upper and lower water pipes, gas pipes and heating pipes passing through the sliding layer.
(3) simple structure and convenient construction;
(4) When digging pile foundation is adopted, the total cost will not increase due to the reduction of pile reinforcement; When other foundations are adopted, the total cost increases less.
1997, the appraisal committee composed of experts from Yang Yucheng, Liang Fayun and the province appraised the research results of the test building, and concluded that the test building could be equivalent to a 6-7 earthquake, in which the sliding layer collapsed just after it started to move in the 9- 10 earthquake. This is an effective and innovative method to prevent house collapse and reduce earthquake disasters. It is the first time to build a six-story house with graphite as partition material at home and abroad.
Sliding damping buildings have been tested by the market and are welcomed by users.
(1) recognized by peer experts-excellent technology;
(2) government support-suitable for China and our province;
(3) Conforming to market rules-directors can make money; Welcome users.
Sliding damping building technology is to break through the above three points 1998 and enter the Liaoning market, and it has been successful.
3. 1 peer expert recognition
The documents of the two appraisal meetings of the research project and the experimental building, as well as the related papers published in important academic conferences at home and abroad and important domestic publications, all show that the achievement has a high academic level and has been recognized and praised by peer experts.
3.2 Government support
After the research project of slip damping was suspended for nearly five years from 1990 to 1995, I wrote a letter to Wen Shizhen, the former governor of Liaoning Province, in May of 1995, urging that "our province should accelerate the development of new building isolation technology". The director of the provincial construction department also gave instructions to support it, and then drew up the promotion plan, which was specifically implemented in the key promotion project of Liaoning's ninth five-year plan and the outline of 20 10 transformation plan of scientific and technological achievements. This has obtained a reliable red-headed document for the project application.
3.3 Conforming to market rules
Because the earthquake prediction is not accurate, not only scientific and technical personnel but also ordinary people understand that seismic buildings should be designed according to the predicted intensity. So 1997 in Jinzhou city, Liaoning province in summer, 1998 in Dandong city in spring, when there are rumors of an earthquake, people panic and try their best to avoid it. Some real estate companies in Linghai under Jinzhou and donggang city under Dandong have grasped people's fear of earthquakes and built some brick-concrete houses with cast-in-place floors, which increased the cost by 40- 1 50 yuan /m2. However, people who have the right to buy a house are rushing to buy such a house.
1998 sliding damping building technology was introduced into the market when people were worried about the existing earthquake-resistant buildings and had the right to buy high-quality and cheap houses. About 60,000 square meters were popularized in donggang city and Haicheng, and 30,000 square meters were completed that year. Through the construction practice of several buildings, the house price only increased by 12-20 yuan /m2, and each household only increased by 1 000 yuan. Therefore, sliding damping buildings are welcomed by real estate developers and users.
1998 at the "Liaoning province slip damping building site technology exchange meeting" held in donggang city in early February, the leaders of the provincial construction department thought that slip damping technology should become a new growth point in the construction industry. At present, the enthusiasm of the government and the masses is very high: leaders attach importance to it, local support, experts recognize it, and earthquake needs it, so this technology has begun to mature, can go to the market, and has high economic practicability. The manager of the housing construction company thinks that this technology is convenient for construction, with less cost increase and easy to understand the concept of earthquake resistance. Sliding damping building technology is to speed up the upgrading of housing industry and let people better avoid disasters.
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