News interview and writing course is the core vocational skill course of news editing and production specialty. The design of curriculum teaching reflects teachers' rational thinking about curriculum and teaching-related factors, which is the premise for teachers to enter curriculum teaching practice smoothly. The following is what I arranged for you for your reference.

Fan: On the problems and questioning skills that should be paid attention to in news interview. News interview is an investigation and research work carried out by journalists to collect news materials, and it is one of the important means to understand news facts. Asking questions is the most important way for reporters to get information in interviews. So what do reporters need to do in the interview to communicate well with the interviewee? On the basis of studying the experience of news predecessors, the author talks about some views with his own personal experience.

First, we should fully prepare for the interview.

One of the basic skills of a reporter is preparation before an interview, and full preparation is a very important part of the interview. Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. Some people compare the interview to a "face-to-face battle". The process of interview is the ideological confrontation between the reporter and the interviewee. If you want to win, you must know yourself and yourself.

First of all, we should be familiar with the interviewee: the reporter's familiarity with the interviewee does not start from the moment he sees it, but from some written materials and other forms of indirect introduction.

Secondly, we should prepare interview questions: The purpose of preparing questions before the interview is to let the interviewee provide more interview materials in a limited time. When designing interview questions, journalists will accomplish nothing if they simply ask questions without considering whether the interviewee is interested in answering them, how to answer them and whether the questions they answer are what you need. The best way to prepare interview questions is to put yourself in the other person's shoes. Test the questions prepared by the reporter from the perspective of the interviewee to see how you will answer these questions and whether they are what the reporter wants.

American journalist William? Rochester recalled his meeting with President Kennedy and said: I think it is very important to prepare in advance. It is a great insult to ask the president of the United States a question that he has answered many times. He may order you to leave at once. So your question should be unheard of by him. You should show that you know him like the back of your hand, so that he will be interested in exchanging views with you.

In addition, it is necessary to collect information related to the interview: the reporter's interview with news events is different from the interview with news figures, and the reporter's interview with news events is to report things, not journalists; When a news event happens, the purpose of interviewing some insiders on the spot is to understand the event more clearly. These interviewed people are not the focus of readers' attention, but what readers want to know is what they witnessed. News events have their causes, backgrounds and social influences, and they are also the contents that readers want to care about, but these contents cannot be told by insiders at the news site, and journalists need to know from other channels. Therefore, the reporter's desk preparation before reporting news events should also include collecting background information and other contents related to news events.

Second, we should pay attention to questioning skills.

The reporter's questioning skills include many contents, and questioning skills are the main basis for measuring the reporter's level. These skills can only be mastered by journalists through continuous accumulation, careful experience and repeated practice in their career. Questioning, questioning and questioning are three commonly used skills.

1. Flexible way: The reporter's interview with strangers and unfamiliar environment, from strangeness to mutual communication in a limited time, is completed by asking questions. Journalists learn to meet a person first, then observe what he says, and grasp the timing and way of asking questions. Even the tone of the reporter's question is the key to the success or failure of the interview.

2. Pursuit: Questions have a beginning, and interviews have a good beginning. How to lead the conversation to the topic, achieve the purpose of the reporter's interview, ask questions in depth, and the reporter has to keep asking questions.

3. Clever solution: In order not to be rejected in the interview, the reporter deliberately concealed his language motivation and interviewed the object in other people's words, which led to his eagerness to "solve the problem" and "solve the problem". Or there is something in the words, setting suspense, arousing the interviewee's strong curiosity and desire to solve puzzles, which are all doubts in the interview.

The skill of interviewing and asking questions is, in the final analysis, a reporter's contingency skill. If the interviewee cooperates with the reporter, the reporter is certainly willing to ask questions one by one according to the questions prepared in advance. If the interviewee is not interested in the reporter's question, is unwilling to answer it, or answers it immediately, and the reporter is not satisfied with the content of the answer, he should grasp the question flexibly.

There are many variables in the interview and many ways to ask questions. The trick is to seize the opportunity. When to ask questions, when to ask questions, and when to ask questions are all skillful. For example, if the interviewee doesn't want to talk, he can design a question to force him to explain, and he can supplement the questions inspired by the interviewee's answers. If the reporter and the interviewee have different views, he can design a rhetorical question. Direct questioning skills should be mastered flexibly according to the actual situation. Improper questioning methods will lead to bad interview results. On the contrary, all kinds of questioning methods can only be effective if they are correctly mastered.

Third, learn to respect each other.

1. Learn to listen in the interview.

Listening is very important, and listening is a kind of respect for each other. From the content of the interviewee, we can find touching stories and details, and find out topics that can continue to communicate and readers care about. Everyone likes watching Zhu Jun's artistic life very much. Some people say that Zhu Jun presided over it very well. But Zhu Jun put it this way: "In fact, as a host, I have always adhered to three principles. The first is to be a listener, the second is a questioner, and the last is a debater. "

To give more respect to the interviewee, how to understand and agree with the sentence "People who should not be respected should be fully respected". Everyone is equal, no matter who the other person is, they should be respected. For example, when interviewing some prisoners who committed crimes, although some of them were morally bankrupt and did things that hurt others, they did great harm to society and others. But in the face of these people whose values are different from our own, we still give them 100% respect and treat them equally.

"They committed a crime, but in personality, they are still independent individuals. As natural persons, they should be respected accordingly. Even if I don't quite agree with his ideas, he must be sincere when he tells me. " If society gives prisoners enough respect, prisoners will feel the importance of repentance, so as to actively reform and turn over a new leaf.

Many times, journalists are on business trips and covering in a nature reserve. Like every scenic spot, the animals and plants in this protected area are not in good condition due to serious man-made damage.

If this matter had happened a few years ago, our reporter would have denounced people's lack of protection and supervision. But now, our reporter will think from another angle, and the staff in the reserve are also working hard. Their working and living conditions are very difficult, but the contradiction between man and nature is too great at present. As a result, the theme of the manuscript changed, which not only attracted people's attention to the pessimistic situation, but also affirmed the efforts of the reserve.

2. Forgive others, always look for reasons from yourself.

Only with the cooperation of units, society, individuals and other forces can tolerance be embodied in everyone. As a media unit, journalists should learn to accept setbacks and difficulties, be fearless in times of crisis, and let reporters understand that when interviewing others, they should consider the feelings of the interviewees, not just condescending interrogation interviews, but we journalists should be more tolerant of those who cannot tolerate them; We should respect those who should not be respected. Don't blindly look for reasons from others, but influence some people through your own words and deeds, don't blame others for their shortcomings, relax your mentality and tolerance, and try your best to care for and accept anyone; As a society, young journalists should learn tolerance in the real environment; As a young journalist, we should study hard to be a man, take on more responsibilities, increase the chances of contact with people and hone ourselves.

Fourth, be sincere.

If a reporter wants to dig the material from the deep heart of the interviewee, he must first gain the trust and recognition of the interviewee. Journalists should be more emotional if they want to make the interviewees clear and clear.

Journalists should let themselves and their interviewees feel emotion, and the integration of this emotion is not only a feeling, but more importantly, it can become a driving force. Journalists should win each other's trust with sincere words and deeds, so as to enter their hearts and explore more real and valuable things.

In order for the interviewee to truly feel the sincerity and credibility of the reporter, so as to achieve spiritual communication, the reporter must approach each other emotionally, and consciously put himself in the interviewee's perspective, put himself in their shoes, feel their feelings, understand their joys and sorrows, and seek emotional approach. On the contrary, if there is a lack of emotion and affinity, the interviewee may not be very cooperative. Fifth, create an atmosphere of harmonious communication.

Interview is dealing with all kinds of people, and a harmonious conversation atmosphere is the basis of successful interview. Creating a good conversation atmosphere plays an important role in the success of the interview. In addition, it is also important to create a harmonious and suitable environment and choose the right time. The reporter asked to have a heart-to-heart talk with the interviewee in a short time. This requires a reporter to have a special skill, which can eliminate strangeness, make the other party familiar with themselves quickly, adapt to themselves, and achieve a harmonious questioning atmosphere. Journalists should learn to chat in the interview, gain the trust of each other by taking the initiative, treat others equally, meet their own hearts, be impartial and listen to opinions objectively.

To create a harmonious atmosphere, the most commonly used method is to find "media". For example, a reporter from a province interviewed a company commander, who was "rejected" several times before and finally met himself. As a result, the other party has not talked much, and the atmosphere was once very stiff. It suddenly occurred to him that the company commander likes to ponder training equipment at ordinary times, so he asked the company commander what the effect of a newly improved equipment was, and the company commander immediately became interested.

It can be seen that when the other party is unwilling to talk more because he is introverted or unfamiliar with the reporter, the reporter can find a "medium" or the other party's interest to narrow the distance between the two sides, which can often melt the ice of estrangement and let the questions be raised in a harmonious range.

Sixth, make notes and records.

Without strong purpose and intention and selective memory, memory materials will be lost. The solution is: learn to record.

Several main recording methods:

1. Memory: During the live interview, the reporter memorized the real people and stories he saw and heard. Psychologically it is called "conscious memory".

It is best to keep in mind the following situations: interviewing ordinary people, that is, chatting; The facts encountered are fleeting; Limited by objective conditions, it is inconvenient to record with paper and pen; Recessive interview interviewees are unwilling to be interviewed or are not allowed to make written records.

What are the benefits of remembering? First, it is not easy to affect the mood of the interviewee; Second, it is not easy to distract reporters' observation and thinking; Third, sometimes, memory is the only choice.

Defects of mental memory: easy to forget, not easy to master.

2. Note: During the interview, the reporter recorded what he saw, heard and felt in the interview book through the pen in his hand.

The form of taking notes:

Detailed record: "What you hear must be recorded";

Remarks: Write down some key, meaningful and main facts and contents or some unforgettable materials in the interview book, such as numbers, names, places, things, wonderful languages, etc.

Abbreviation: You can use some simple symbols created by yourself to replace complex words. Such as socialism-society ~; Adhere to the four cardinal principles-four steadfastness.

In a word, from the perspective of communication, the communication process can only be completed if the content of news communication is accepted and recognized by the audience and welcomed by the people. In order to realize this process, we must get as many valuable materials as possible in the interview. During the interview, the reporter should be able to establish a good communication channel with the interviewee, create a good questioning atmosphere, make the interview successful, and collect sufficient materials for the next news writing, so as to successfully complete the reporting task.

References:

[1] Liu Jia. On questions in news interview [J]. The cradle of journalists

[2] Niu Cui Cui. On the skills of how to open the heart of the interviewee in news interview [J]. charming china

[3] Wang Lifeng et al. On the art of questioning in news interview [J]. News communication. 2009+00

[4] Wang Lifeng, etc. The art of questioning in news interview [J]. News dissemination. 36860 . 68668686666

[5] Zhang. News interview is the art of communication [J]. News lovers in the second half of 2008.

[6] sun Li News interview should pay attention to four aspects [J]. Journal of Huaibei Vocational and Technical College, May 2008

[7] Wang. Flowers close to "the earth" are different from red —— On the cultivation of journalists' civilian consciousness [J]. Young reporter

[8] Li Yongjun. Do a good job in ideological and political work and carry forward the spirit of keeping pace with the times [J]. Young reporter

[9] Lei Haitao. On TV News Interview Skills [J]. Teaching of New Teachers in Studio Classroom.2010.4

[10] Jie Zhong. On the Civilian Consciousness of Journalists [J]. Journalism Practice .2001.9

Fan: How to do a good job in TV news interview? In TV news reports, news interviews are extremely important. It is a process for journalists to go deep into reality, understand reality and reflect reality. Based on practical work experience, this paper talks about some personal views on how to do a good job in TV news interview.

Preparation before the interview

A good news report can be divided into seven parts and three parts. Successful interview plays a vital role in doing a good job in TV news reporting. Therefore, before the interview, we should initially grasp the information such as the identity of news figures and the background of events, and understand the relevant principles and policies of the current report, so as to accurately grasp the propaganda caliber and reflect the latest propaganda intention. There is a saying in the press that "we should know both sides thoroughly", that is, we should deeply understand a series of principles, policies, laws and regulations of the party and the country, understand the people's feelings, then draw up an interview outline, and list the questions to be asked in chronological order or logical relationship. Finally, don't forget to check the news reports of the same nature, see what problems have been reported by other media, see the development of things from them, and choose new topics or angles to report.

Second, the specific way of the interview

In general interviews, we should talk directly with the leaders in charge to understand the work process, experience, achievements, lessons, shortcomings and feedback from the masses. At the same time, we should also seek leaders' views, opinions, opinions or suggestions on the coverage plan, so that the news itself can be reported more accurately in terms of policies and facts. We can also take a simple form when we understand a key issue and the overall situation, and achieve remarkable results. When necessary, we can organize investigation meetings to understand a specific problem or detail. In addition, you can also find some useful clues from ready-made written materials. It should be noted that quoting clues in person is one of the most needed and commonly used interview methods.

An unannounced visit, the so-called unannounced visit, refers to a TV reporter interviewing people or things without revealing his true identity and purpose. Using this unconventional interview method, we can avoid unnecessary interference and obstacles, obtain first-hand materials more truly and objectively, and enhance the persuasiveness and credibility of the report. It should be noted that hidden interviews must be conducted within the scope permitted by law on the premise of social interests, and journalists are required to strictly abide by relevant laws and regulations.

An impromptu interview means that a reporter is interested in the interview because of a sudden and unexpected situation, and puts forward the interview content beyond the scope of preparation or above the purpose of the proposed topic. Practically speaking, impromptu interview has a strong sense of on-the-spot investigation and unquestionable confirmation process, and can also play a role in attracting the attention of the event, so that the audience can feel the presence of the characters and hear their voices, which greatly enhances the reporter's sense of on-the-spot, realism, vitality and intimacy. Third, do a good job in news interview.

Enhance the sense of equality. The sense of equality mentioned here means that TV reporters observe and think from the perspective of civilian value orientation and normal life, abandon the condescending inertia thinking mode brought by individual journalists because of their professional and technical advantages, dig up news materials from daily life, communicate with interviewees on an equal footing and conduct in-depth interviews. The interview should go deep into the environment where the interviewee is located and be integrated with the interviewee. If you interview a workshop worker, talk in the office. At the same time, the interview should be meticulous, pay attention to the combination of point and surface, select materials from multiple directions and angles, and be sure to go to the scene to observe and understand the whole process of the development of things, so that the audience can see the scene through the camera lens, so as to make the report true and accurate without making mistakes.

Mastering interview skills, TV news interview focuses on people's activities, so you must master the communication skills with the interviewees on the spot and what to say to someone. For example, when interviewing farmers, we must master the language habits of farmers, start with the family situation, plant a few acres of land, how much money to earn, and so on. Pay attention to what they care about most, guide them step by step, and ask simple and ingenious questions. Lead the interviewees to answer the whole question, and sometimes they will even tell you something new that you didn't expect. In the interview, you can also ask questions quickly and get what you usually get in a few minutes, which requires reporters to have a high degree of language induction and generalization ability.

Pay attention to the choice of material. The interview process is often a process of collecting a lot of news material, so you must extract the theme of the material at hand. The selected material must be fine, but you must be able to treat one thing as a hundred things. If all the good examples and materials are listed at random, the audience will not be greatly touched.

To highlight the characteristics of TV news, we must first take good pictures, strive to be neat and expressive, and carefully collect the background sounds of the scene, such as the first crash of the American space shuttle, the long shot of the scene, and the huge explosion, which gives people a strong visual impact, which is incomparable to any written description. At the same time, reporters can appear on the scene to explain the news background and make simple comments to enhance the credibility of the news. Only by collecting good pictures and sound materials in the early stage can there be wonderful TV news in the later stage.

Four summaries

As a kind of mass media, television has a wide influence on society and is an important source of information for people to understand the world today, and journalists are the forefront and tentacles of this mass media. The quality of its work affects the truth and falsehood, completeness and one-sidedness, superficiality and profundity of the information accepted by the masses. Therefore, the majority of TV reporters should improve their own quality and make their news true, complete and warning.

References:

Wang Lei talks about TV news interview, broadcasting, audio-visual.

Wang Jinghong on TV news interview skills

Li Yulong and Chen Jianjun's theoretical observation on the concept before TV news interview