1, what is an airway foreign body?
If you want to know what a foreign body in the trachea is, you must first know what an airway is. Airway is the passage of breathing. Take a deep breath and feel where the airflow passes: Airway includes nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lung and its nearby organs.
Therefore, airway foreign bodies refer to all foreign bodies remaining on all respiratory tracts from mouth or nose to glottis and below glottis. Specifically, it can be divided into four categories:
Foreign body in nasal cavity.
2. Foreign body on the glottis (around the glottis): Open your mouth wide. The narrow gap between the two white vocal cords behind small tongue is the glottis. Glottis is the narrowest place for adults.
3, subglottic and tracheal foreign body
4. Bronchial foreign bodies
Generally, foreign bodies in the airway are actually subglottic foreign bodies, which refer to foreign bodies located under the glottis and in the trachea and bronchus.
2. What foreign bodies are there?
Foreign bodies in airway include blood, pus, vomit and scab from human body; Others entered by mistake through the nose and mouth: peanuts, watermelon seeds, sunflower seeds, toy accessories, buttons, pen covers, etc.
3, the harm of airway foreign body
The hazards of foreign body in airway include direct injury and indirect injury:
Direct injury refers to foreign body blocking the airway, which makes people have difficulty breathing, atelectasis, emphysema and so on. Second, foreign bodies damage the tracheal mucosa and may even puncture the trachea.
Indirect injury refers to inflammation and infection caused by foreign body retention.
4. What should I do after there is a foreign body in the airway?
When foreign objects choke into the trachea, don't be too alarmed and at a loss. Try to cough up the foreign body yourself first. If you can't cough, you need the following methods:
1, Heimlich's first aid: a first aid method that uses the residual gas in the lungs to form an airflow to rush out foreign bodies. The rescuer stands behind the patient, hugs his abdomen from behind, wraps his arms around his waist and abdomen, clenches his fist in one hand, and presses his fist inward between the navel and ribs of the patient; The other hand is pressed on the fist, and both hands are squeezed inward and upward quickly and forcefully, and repeatedly until the obstruction is spit out.
2. Abdominal pressing method: the patient lies on his back on the operating table, and the rescuer puts a hand between his belly navel and xiphoid process, and presses his abdomen upward appropriately; The other hand is gently placed on the chest wall, and appropriate pressure is applied upward to the chest cavity to increase the pressure in the abdominal cavity and chest cavity. Foreign bodies can be coughed up repeatedly.
3. Back-slapping method: Stand upright, the rescuer stands behind the patient's side, one arm is placed on the patient's chest to support the patient, and the other palm root slaps the spine in the scapular area continuously, quickly and forcefully to facilitate the discharge of foreign bodies.
4, handstand racket back method: suitable for infants. Hang your legs upside down, make your head droop, and pat your back at the same time, forcing foreign bodies to cough up through your own gravity and the impulse of gas in your chest when you suffocate. If the above methods are ineffective or the situation is urgent, the patient should be sent to the hospital immediately. But be careful not to eat or drink before sending to the hospital, so that the doctor can operate as soon as possible.
5. What should I do if my baby chokes the trachea?
1, pat on the back: let the baby lie on his parents' knees, head down, hold his chest, pat him on the back four times, let the child cough up foreign objects, or pat the child head down.
2, vomiting method: put your finger into your mouth to stimulate the tongue root to induce vomiting, which is suitable for tracheal foreign bodies close to the throat; Remove the baby's mouth and nose secretions with gauze in time to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
3, squeezing the stomach method: for older babies, you can quickly squeeze the abdomen to discharge foreign bodies. Hold the waist of the child, press the upper abdomen with the index finger, middle finger and ring finger of both hands, squeeze back and forth, relax after pressing, and repeat rhythmically to form an impact airflow to wash out the foreign body.
4. Send it to the hospital in time: If the above methods are ineffective, send it to the hospital otolaryngology department as soon as possible, and take out the foreign body under laryngoscope or bronchoscope in time. If children stop breathing, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be given immediately.