[Keywords:] college students; Behavior anomie; Network morality
Network morality is produced to meet the objective needs of adjusting the interpersonal relationship of human individuals as "netizens" in today's network society and standardizing their online behavior in order to maintain the orderly operation of the network society. It is a necessary cultural condition and code of conduct to maintain the network order and ensure the orderly operation of the network society. The rapid development of the Internet, on the one hand, has changed all aspects of society and human life, providing historical opportunities for human moral progress, and at the same time, it has brought many moral and ethical problems to people, as well as some negative effects on college students' moral concepts and behaviors. Studying and discussing the problem of college students' network ethics anomie brought by the development of network society and its countermeasures is conducive to standardizing college students' network ethics and behavior.
First, the lack of network moral performance of college students
Morality is determined by the social and economic basis and changes with the change of material conditions. 2 1 century, the biggest change of people's material living conditions is the development of information technology and the emergence of the corresponding network society, and network morality is a new moral form produced and formed under this background. The characteristics of cyber social communication, such as timelessness, virtuality and digitalization, provide opportunities for human beings to transcend the real social norms and relax the taboo pressure, and "self" has more space to express opinions freely, which makes many norms, including ethics, which are effective in the real society gradually lose their original binding force, resulting in a new problem of lack of cyber morality.
1, moral consciousness weakened. Self-awareness propaganda
Internet has created a new way of life for people-virtual existence. Once you enter the network world composed of optical fiber, cable and modem, people become the "symbol" of the rapid electronic movement. In the process of transformation from human to machine and then to human, the true identity of communicators is concealed, and identity virtualization has become an extremely common phenomenon in network communication, and this virtual identity can be created or terminated at any time, and netizens do not have to bear any social responsibility. At the same time, as a spontaneous information network, the Internet has no owner and does not belong to anyone or organization, so no one can control it, manipulate it or control it. In this way, the network has become a "free and equal" world, where there is no government, no police, no hierarchy, no nobility, and it is a thoroughly "democratic" place where freedom rights can be abused, leading to the proliferation of moral nihilism in the network society. In the network society, everyone is self-centered and opposes any constraint to satisfy their physical and psychological desires by fair means. Therefore, the virtual network lacking the presence of acquaintances provides an exposed stage for people's "ID", which makes the "ID" consciousness fully displayed and makes them do whatever they want, which intensifies the generation of college students' network deviant behavior.
2. Distorted moral personality and indifferent ethical feelings.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, human beings have "social needs". In communication, interpersonal feelings can be maintained. In the network virtual society, the network has changed the way of communication between people, making the communication between people become the communication between people and machines, and the traditional direct social communication relationship between people is gradually replaced by people's dependence on the network. Some college students indulge in the online world all day and escape from the real world, which makes the emotional connection between family, neighbors, colleagues, classmates, teachers and students increasingly weak and the ethical feelings increasingly indifferent. In such a relatively closed environment, it will lead to the weakening of moral psychology and the distortion of moral personality over time. Because the formation of moral psychology and moral personality is a socialized process and the result of the interaction between environment and individuals. Indulging in network communication greatly reduces the opportunities for college students to communicate in real life, leading to the indifference of individuals to others and social happiness in real society, leading to the lack or distortion of moral personality.
3. Traditional moral norms are frustrated and moral behavior is out of order.
In real social life, most ethical relationships are face-to-face direct relationships. Therefore, moral norms mainly rely on public opinion and people's inner beliefs to play a role. However, in the network society, the indirect communication between people makes it difficult for moral public opinion to attack directly, thus reducing the role of public opinion. In this way, the restriction of morality on people depends more and more on the inner moral belief. The fuzziness caused by the anonymity of network actors makes it difficult to identify, test and apply the ethical concepts embodied in the traditional social relations and norms in social practice. On the one hand, the traditional moral norms based on the real society have been greatly impacted because they can't adapt to the new environment of network operation, so that their binding force has obviously decreased and they exist in name only; On the other hand, in the face of the brand-new network field, a new unified moral code has not been formed for the time being, so a large number of network behaviors are in a state of being neither bound by the existing moral code nor governed by the new moral code, which leads to the conflict and disconnection of the normative content and a large number of anomie behaviors.
Second, the root causes of college students' lack of network morality
Any social morality, including network morality, is the value condensation of the interests, demands and will of a certain social group and always exists as a universal social instruction. Only when the basic principles, norms and requirements of network morality are transformed into the inherent moral quality of individual citizens and become the unique moral quality and moral coping ability of individual citizens in the network virtual world can network morality play its regulatory or normative function. To solve the problem of college students' lack of network morality, we must first find its root. The root of the lack of network morality in contemporary society is complex, involving the network itself, the network actors themselves and their external social environment. , can be summarized as follows:
Congenital deficiency and development disadvantage of 1. network system.
As a new thing developed in recent decades, the existing network system has been gradually improved since it came into being, and the imperfection of current network technology is the technical root of the lack of network morality. As mentioned above, the virtual, open and hidden characteristics of the network directly lead to the lack of network morality to some extent. In addition, with the rapid development of network, the restraint mechanism of network society to various behaviors is not perfect. At present, although China has formulated some corresponding network laws and regulations, due to the limitation of network technology, there is no effective supervision over the deviation of network moral behavior in actual implementation and law enforcement, and no effective prevention mechanism and punishment measures have been formed, which leads to the failure to get corresponding punishment for network dishonesty and condone the proliferation of such behaviors to some extent.
2. The influence of college students themselves and their external educational environment.
At present, teenagers are the largest group surfing the Internet, and college students are the main force of this group. College students' understanding of the network generally focuses on the mastery and application of technology. They are attracted by the colorful information spread on the Internet and the form of free communication, and fully enjoy the convenience brought by the Internet. It is difficult to grasp the moral concepts, norms and behaviors that should be held in the network social life without thinking about the deep-seated problems such as the influence of the network on its own quality development, the vacuum of network ethics and the influence of the network on human life. In daily social life, due to the lack of self-control and self-control, college students' social interaction is generally under the supervision of schools, families and other related groups, and social norms also have clear constraints on their behavior. In the virtual cyberspace, due to the lack of relevant supervision and restraint mechanism, the behavior of these special netizens in the network can not be controlled and restrained accordingly, which leads to the emergence of network dishonesty to some extent. The virtual free space-time created by the network is an extension of the physical society, which has the characteristics of virtuality, interactivity and openness. It not only breaks the shackles of various systems, institutions and authorities on college students in real society, but also greatly transcends the limitations of traditional physical space and extends the scope of college students' activities in time and space. Therefore, the vision of education is no longer limited to classes and schools in the traditional physical sense, and the time of education is no longer limited to students' time at school. This expansion of the time and space of educational object activities has increased uncontrollable factors in the network moral education environment, and also made the educational effect face uncertainty. Under the impact of network technology, the rapid availability of knowledge makes the tradition of establishing authority by controlling knowledge disappear, and the rights endowed by the past system are also invisibly dissolved. In this way, the traditional educational authority of schools and teachers is weakening under the impact of information technology, and the traditional "closed" school education model is lagging behind in the face of the dual reality of globalization and informationization. Third, the countermeasures of college students' lack of network morality
The lack of network morality not only affects the normal communication and further development of the network society, but also has a very negative impact on the socialization of college students and the construction of a harmonious society at present, and its harm cannot be underestimated. Therefore, we must take various effective measures to alleviate the lack of network morality on the basis of in-depth analysis of the reasons for the lack of network morality among college students.
1. Improve the technical environment and develop related network technologies. Control network anomie behavior from the technical level
Although people have realized that relying on simple technical means can not solve all kinds of problems faced by the current network, the improvement of network-related technologies is still an important means to alleviate the lack of network morality. This mainly includes login, communication behavior and information release in social networking. For example, by promoting the network real-name registration system, establish association with IP address to prevent network identity fraud; Use network firewall and other technologies to strictly control attacks such as hackers and prevent information theft; In terms of information release and dissemination, it can be controlled by strengthening content review or installing filtering software.
2. Establish a perfect network moral system and laws and regulations.
Network ethics construction is the foundation of network ethics construction. In the process of constructing effective network ethics, we must combine the essential characteristics of network society, proceed from the viewpoint that network society is the extension of real society in the network, follow the principle of combining reality with reality, stand on the moral standpoint of real society, and use the general principles of existing morality to cultivate and form realistic and reasonable network ethics such as honesty, fairness and equality in the practice of network activities. It can be revised to become an important moral norm in the network society and form a unified moral system in the information society. Strengthen network moral propaganda, clarify the value and significance of realistic moral norms in network society among college students, introduce methods and means of moral education in real society, guide college students to abide by moral norms suitable for China's national conditions and social development requirements in a pluralistic moral system, and develop and carry forward the advantages of existing morality.
Law is the lowest moral standard. At present, people's awareness of network norms is generally lacking. Appropriate moral legislation can improve people's consciousness of following moral norms and achieve the purpose of network moral construction. In the construction of network ethics, we should incorporate those important and basic network ethics into the law, into the management system, into various codes and conventions of the public, and formulate corresponding punishment measures for those behaviors and phenomena that seriously violate network ethics, which is of positive significance to promoting social members to develop a high sense of responsibility to society. At present, the relevant departments in China have promulgated such network laws and regulations as the Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services, the Provisions for the Administration of Internet Bulletin Board Services, and the Interim Provisions for the Administration of News Released by Internet Websites, which have made strict provisions on the behavior of netizens and played a positive role in purifying the network environment. But on the whole, due to the complexity of the network environment, it is difficult for existing laws and regulations to comprehensively restrain many network violations. Therefore, the construction of network laws and regulations, especially the improvement of the legal system related to network ethics, is still an important task at present. We should formulate more detailed and operational corresponding laws and regulations as soon as possible to prevent and combat the corresponding network infringement.
3. Guide college students to strengthen moral cultivation and self-discipline.
Network moral requirements can only be truly implemented through personal self-discipline. All network ethics can realize its value, become an effective thing and become a realistic moral trend. Only through the thoughts and behaviors of netizens can it be transformed into moral self-discipline, that is, moral subjects voluntarily agree with network ethics with their own understanding of natural and social laws and real living conditions, and practice it in combination with personal actual conditions, thus transforming passive obedience into active self-discipline and external network ethics requirements into conscious action. Therefore, while emphasizing the construction of a perfect network moral standard system, laws and regulations and other heteronomy mechanisms, we should also pay attention to the role of self-discipline mechanisms to guide college students to strengthen their own moral cultivation. Through their own moral cultivation, we can improve moral cognition, strengthen moral belief and sublimate moral personality, so as to abide by and practice network moral norms on the basis of self-discipline.
In a word, the network, a brand-new way of life, is imperceptibly changing college students' cognition, emotion, thought and behavior. As a special group of society, college students' college life is an important period for their personality cultivation, and it is also a crucial period for the formation of their ideological concepts and moral qualities. During this period, they are more likely to accept the network as the fourth media and feel the dual role of the network. Therefore, we must combine the essential characteristics of the network society, proceed from the viewpoint that the network society is the extension of the real society in the network, and follow the principle of combining reality with virtuality. On the one hand, we should improve the network itself from the aspects of technology and system, on the other hand, we should build a reasonable moral education system and cultural environment from the improvement of the realistic social ethics system to alleviate the lack of college students' network morality.